Abstract.
TV program ratings directly affect the decisions of advertisers and TV stations’ program offerings. TV program providers use television ratings reports to offer appropriate programs as well as attract advertisers. In this paper we propose a framework for TV audience estimates and program ratings using a per-object-granularity tracking mechanism for interactive TV content tracking in real time. It can be applied to live TV broadcasting environments as well as recorded broadcasting environments. The major components of the proposed tracking architecture are an interactive TV content creation tool powered by hotlinked video technology, a tracking information delivery framework with live interactive content insertion capability, an interactive TV content receiver, and tracking servers. The proposed mechanism and system in this paper enables a broadcast station or a rating agency to automatically perform tracking functions in real time based on viewer actions as well as on the content of audiovisual programming.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
ATVEF (2003) The Advanced Television Enhancement Forum. Available at: http://www.atvef.com
Buczak A, Zimmerman J, Kurapati K (2002) Personalization: improving ease-of-use, trust and accuracy of a TV show recommender. In: Proceedings of the AH’02 workshop on personalization in future TV, Malaga, Spain, 28 May 2002, pp 3-12
Chen J, Feig E, Zhang L-J (1998) Method and apparatus for integrating hyperlinks in video. World Intellectual Property Organization, International Bureau, PCT/IB97/00331, WO 98/44435, http://www.wipo.org/
Chen J, Feig E, Zhang L-J (2001) Method for indicating the location of video hot links. US Patent 6,175,840 B1
Cotter P, Smyth B (2000) PTV: Intelligent personalized TV guides. In: Proceedings of AAAI ‘00, Austin, TX, 30 July-3 August 2000, pp 957-964
Difino A, Negro B, Chiarotto A (2002) A multi-agent system for a personalized electronic program guide. In: Proceedings of the AH’02 workshop on personalization in future TV, Malaga, Spain, 29-31 May 2002, pp 13-22
Lin W, Bernard RN, Janes GM, Farrell Jr KW (1997) Automated television scheduling via evolving agents. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on evolutionary computation, Indianapolis, IN, 13-16 April 1997, pp 691-696
Liu L-K, Menon J, Lipscomb JS, Chen J, Zhang L-J (2001) Method and apparatus for integrated real-time interactive content insertion and monitoring in E-commerce enabled interactive TV. US Patent 6,308,327
Nielsen Media Research (2000) What TV ratings really mean. Available at: http://www.nielsenmedia.com/ whatratingsmean/index.html
Oshiba T, Koike Y, Tabuchi M, Kamba T (2002) Personalized advertisement-duration control for streaming delivery. In: Proceedings of the 2002 ACM workshops on multimedia, Juan-les-Pins, France, 2002. ACM Press, New York, pp 21-28
Park J-B (2000) System and method for tracking a survey of an audience to determine a rating using internet television. US Patent 6,061,082
Rafey RA, Gibbs S, Hoch M, Gong HLV, Wang S (2001) Enabling custom enhancements in digital sports broadcasts. In: Virtual Reality Modeling Language symposium, Proceedings of the 6th international conference on 3D Web technology, Paderbon, Germany, 19-22 February 2001. ACM Press, New York, pp 101-107
Sandbank CP (2001) Digital TV in the convergent environment. IEEE Comput Graph Appl 21(1):32-36
Schmelzer R,(2002) XML and Web services unleashed. SAMS Publishing, Indianapolis
Shim SSY, Lee Y-J (2002) Interactive TV: VoD meets the Internet. IEEE Comput 35(7):108-109
Swedlow T (2000) Interactive enhanced television: a historical and critical perspective. White Paper. Available at: http://www.itvt.com/etvwhitepaper.html
Throckmorton JA, Harrison ER, Perry B (1998) System and method for simulating two-way connectivity for one way data streams. US Patent 5,818,441
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, LJ., Liu, LK., Lipscomb, J.S. et al. A per-object-granularity tracking mechanism and systemfor interactive TV viewership estimation and program rating in real time. Multimedia Systems 9, 466–476 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00530-003-0120-5
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00530-003-0120-5