Abstract
The classical systems of building automation systems (BAS) have evolved from control of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC). The wide use of fieldbus technology and powerful embedded systems has enabled new developments. Building automation is employed to integrate user requirements, system requirements and optimizations in order to maintain user comfort—with energy efficiency being a recently added optimization goal. The classic three-layer automation model is transferred into a service-oriented architecture (SOA) of objects. At the same time, the complexity increases as new services are added. Object-oriented solutions are an approach to cope with this. The basic design of controllers has become distributed and is adopting advanced methods. The resulting, highly integrated systems require a defense-in-depth strategy to ensure security. We take a look at the building services today and in the near future, highlight the strength of integrated building automation over different domains and industries and show the upcoming challenges for building automation systems.
Zusammenfassung
Die klassischen Systeme der Gebäudeautomation stammen aus dem Bereich Heizung, Lüftung, Klima (HLK). Der Einsatz von Feldbustechnologien, IP-basierten Netzen und leistungsfähigen Embedded-Systemen ist heute Stand der Technik. Die Gebäudeautomation deckt immer mehr Gebäudedienste ab, und durch gewerkeübergreifende Systeme werden neue Funktionen möglich. Durch vertikale Integration wird die bisherige Hierarchie der Automationspyramide weitgehend aufgelöst und in ein flaches, verteiltes System offener Protokolle und Funktionen überführt. Neben typischen Zielen, die Betriebseffizienz eines Gebäudes und den Komfort zu erhöhen, verlangen aktuelle Richtlinien darüber hinaus weitgehende Möglichkeiten zur Aufzeichnung, Protokollierung und Eingriffnahme für die Energieoptimierung in bestehenden und neuen Systemen. Die resultierenden, komplexen Systeme verlangen nach effizienten Methoden des Engineering. Die geforderte Offenheit legt außerdem wachsende Anforderungen an Sicherheitskriterien zu Grunde.
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Notes
At the time of this writing parts 2–4 have been published as an ISO/IEC standard, while final publication of part 1 is pending on IECQ to complete their process of administering unique node IDs.
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Soucek, S., Zucker, G. Current developments and challenges in building automation. Elektrotech. Inftech. 129, 278–285 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00502-012-0013-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00502-012-0013-4