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Potential of plasmonics in photovoltaic solar cells

Potential der Plasmonik in photovoltaischen Solarzellen

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Zusammenfassung

Um die lokalisierte Lichtabsorption zu erhöhen und die Effizienz der extrem dünnen Solarzellen zu verbessern, ist die Nutzung der plasmonischen Strukturen einer der aussichtsreichsten Wege. Plasmonen sind eingebettete metallische Nanostrukturen, die es ermöglichen, einfallendes Licht im Sub-Mikrometerbereich zu lokalisieren und zu konzentrieren. Aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse haben dargelegt, dass die breitbandige optische Absorption in Dünnschicht-Solarzellen aufgrund der lokal erhöhten Feldstärke durch Oberflächenplasmonen verbessert werden kann. Dies führt zu kleineren Rekombinationsströmen, höheren Leerlaufspannungen, höheren Wirkungsgraden und sogar zu völlig neuen Konzepten für Solarzellen. Diese Review-Publikation präsentiert den aktuellen Stand der Forschung auf dem Gebiet der Nahfeld-Licht-Konzentration sowie effektives Licht-Trapping bei unterschiedlichen Zellen-Designs. Weiters werden aktuelle signifikante Verbesserungen der Lichtabsorption sowie des Gesamtwirkungsgrades für verschiedene Arten von Dünnschicht-Zellen (z. B. a-Si, organischen, GaAs) dargestellt.

Summary

One of the most promising ways to enhance the localized light absorption and to improve the efficiency of extremely thin solar cells is to use plasmonic structures. Plasmons are embedded metal nanostructures which can localize incident light on a sub-micrometric scale enabling light concentration and trapping. The current research shows that the optical broadband absorption in thin-film solar cells can be enhanced due to the local field enhancement by surface plasmons, leading to lower recombination currents, higher open circuit voltages, higher conversion efficiencies and even completely new solar-cell designs. This review paper will present the current research on different thin cell designs; on both near-field light concentration close to the nanoparticles resonance and effective light trapping. Recent significant enhancements of light absorption as well as overall efficiency enhancements have been reported for different types of thin film cells (e.g. a-Si, organic, GaAs).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Sensor- and Actuator Systems, MST Department, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria

    N. Adamovic & U. Schmid

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  1. N. Adamovic
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  2. U. Schmid
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Adamovic, N., Schmid, U. Potential of plasmonics in photovoltaic solar cells. Elektrotech. Inftech. 128, 342–347 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00502-011-0043-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00502-011-0043-3

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