Abstract
Accurate and effective business process consolidation is an efficient means of overcoming the dynamics and uncertainty in business process modeling. This article presents an approach to automating business process consolidation by applying process topic clustering based on business process libraries, using a graph mining algorithm to extract process patterns, identifying frequent subgraphs under the same process topic, filling the pertinent subgraph information into a table of frequent process subgraphs, and finally merging these frequent subgraphs to obtain merged business processes using a process merging algorithm. Tests on 604 models from the SAP reference model were performed, in which we used the compression ratio to judge the capability of our merging methods; the compression ratios of integrated processes in the same topic cluster were found to be much lower than those of processes related to different topics, and our method was found to achieve compression ratios similar to those reported in previous work.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.References
Aitchison JS, Shen SM (1980) Logistic normal distributions: some properties and uses. Biometrika 67:261–272
Aznag M, Quafafou M, Rochd EM, Jarir Z (2013) Probabilistic topic models for web services clustering and discovery. In: Lau KK, Lamersdorf W, Pimentel E (eds) Service-oriented and cloud computing. Springer, Berlin, pp 19–33
Blei D, Lafferty J (2006) Correlated topic models. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst 18:147
Blei DM, Ng AY, Jordan MI (2003) Latent Dirichlet allocation. J Mach Learn Res 3:993–1022. doi:10.1162/jmlr.2003.3.4-5.993
Bunke H (1997) On a relation between graph edit distance and maximum common subgraph. Pattern Recognit Lett 18:689–694. doi:10.1016/S0167-8655(97)00060-3
Chen L, Wang Y, Qi Y, Zheng Z, Wu J (2013) WT-LDA: user tagging augmented LDA for Web service clustering. In: Basu S, Pautasso C, Zhang L, Fu X (eds) Service-oriented computing (11th international conference, ICSOC 2013, Berlin, Germany, December 2–5, 2013). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 162–176
Dijkman R, Dumas M, García-Bañuelos L (2009) Graph matching algorithms for business process model similarity search. In: Dayal U, Eder J, Koehler J, Reijers H (eds) Business process management (7th international conference, BPM 2009, Ulm, Germany, September 8–10, 2009). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 48–63
Dijkman R, Dumas M, Van Dongen B, Käärik R, Mendling J (2011) Similarity of business process models: metrics and evaluation. Inf Syst 36:498–516. doi:10.1016/j.is.2010.09.006
Gu B, Sheng VS, Tay KY, Romano W, Li S (2015) Incremental support vector learning for ordinal regression. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 26(7):1403–1416
Gottschalk F, van der Aalst WMP, Jansen-Vullers MH (2008) Merging event-driven process chains. In: Meersman R, Tari Z (eds) On the move to meaningful internet systems: OTM 2008 (OTM 2008 confederated international conferences, CoopIS, DOA, GADA, IS, and ODBASE 2008, Monterrey, Mexico, November 9–14, 2008, proceedings, part I). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 418–426. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-88871-0_28
Khan I, Huang JZ, Ivanov K (2016) Incremental density-based ensemble clustering over evolving data streams. Neurocomputing 191:34–43
Küster J, Gerth C, Förster A, Engels G (2008b) A tool for process merging in business-driven development. In: Bellahsène Z, Coletta R, Franch X, Hunt E, Woo C (eds) Proceedings of the of the forum at the 20th international conference on advanced information systems engineering (CaiSE). CEUR, pp 89–92
Küster J, Ryndina K, Gall H (2007) Generation of business process models for object life cycle compliance. In: Alonso G, Dadam P, Rosemann M (eds) Business process management (5th international conference, BPM 2007, Brisbane, Australia, September 24–28, 2007). Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 165–181
La Rosa M, Dumas M, Uba R, Dijkman R (2013) Business process model merging: an approach to business process consolidation. ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol 22:11. doi:10.1145/2430545.2430547
Levenshtein VI (1966) Binary codes capable of correcting deletions, insertions and reversals. Sov Phys Doklady 10:707–710
Li C, Reichert M, Wombacher A (2010a) The minadept clustering approach for discovering reference process models out of process variants. Int J Coop Info Syst 19:159–203. doi:10.1142/S0218843010002139
Li Y, Cao B, Xu L, Yin J, Deng S, Yin Y, Wu Z (2014) An efficient recommendation method for improving business process modeling. IEEE Trans Ind Inform 10:502–513
Lu Y, Zhang L, Sun J (2009) Task-activity based access control for process collaboration environments. Comput Ind 60(6):403–415
Ma DC, Lin JYC, Orlowska ME (2007) Automatic merging of work items in business process management systems. In: Ma D, Lin J, Orlowska M (eds) Business information systems (10th international conference, BIS 2007, Poznan, Poland, April 25–27, 2007). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 14–28
Mendling J, Reijers HA, van der Aalst WMP (2010) Seven process modeling guidelines (7PMG). Inf Softw Technol 52:127–136. doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2009.08.004
Mendling J, Simon C (2006) Business process design by view integration. In: Eder J, Dustdar S (eds) Business process management workshops (BPM 2006 international workshops, BPD, BPI, ENEI, GPWW, DPM, semantics4ws, Vienna, Austria, September 4–7, 2006). Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 55–64. doi:10.1007/11837862_7
Nejati S, Sabetzadeh M, Chechik M, Easterbrook S, Zave P (2007) Matching and merging of statecharts specifications. In: ICSE’07 proceedings of the 29th international conference on software engineering. IEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, pp 54–63
Ohst D, Welle M, Kelter U (2003) Differences between versions of UML diagrams. In: ESEC/FSE-11 proceedings of the 9th European software engineering conference held jointly with 11th ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on foundations of software engineering. ACM, New York, pp 227–236
Qiao M, Akkiraju R, Rembert AJ (2011) Towards efficient business process clustering and retrieval: combining language modeling and structure matching. In: Rinderle-Ma S, Toumani F, Wolf K (eds) Business process management (9th international conference, BPM 2011, Clermont-Ferrand, France, August 30–September 2, 2011). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 199–214
Salomon D (2006) Data compression: the complete reference, 4th edn. Springer, New York
Sun S, Kumar A, Yen J (2006) Merging workflows: a new perspective on connecting business processes. Decis Support Syst 42:844–858. doi:10.1016/j.dss.2005.07.001
van Dongen B, Dijkman R, Mendling J (2008) Measuring similarity between business process models. In: Bellahsène Z, Léonard M (eds) Advanced information systems engineering (20th international conference, CAiSE 2008 Montpellier, France, June 16–20, 2008). Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 450–464. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69534-9_34
Weske M (2007) Business process management: concepts, languages, architectures. Springer, Berlin
Xia Z, Wang X, Sun X, Wang B (2014) Steganalysis of least significant bit matching using multi-order differences. Sec Commun Netw 7(8):1283–1291
Xia Z, Wang X, Sun X, Liu Q, Xiong N (2016) Steganalysis of LSB matching using differences between nonadjacent pixels. Multimed Tools Appl 75(4):1947–1962
Xie J, Gao H, Xie W, Liu X, Grant PW (2016) Robust clustering by detecting density peaks and assigning points based on fuzzy weighted K-nearest neighbors. Inf Sci 354:19–40
Xu L, Hu Q, Hung E, Chen B, Tan X, Liao C (2015) Large margin clustering on uncertain data by considering probability distribution similarity. Neurocomputing 158:81–89
Yan X, Han J (2002) gSpan:graph-based substructure pattern mining. In: 2002 IEEE international conference on data mining, 2002. ICDM 2003. Maebashi City, Japan, pp 721–724. doi:10.1109/ICDM.2002.1184038
Yang Y, Jiang J (2016) Hybrid sampling-based clustering ensemble with global and local constitutions. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 27(5):952–965
Zhang X, Xu C, Sun X, Baciu G (2016) Schatten-q regularizer constrained low rank subspace clustering model. Neurocomputing 182:36–47
Zhang L, Lu Y, Xu F (2010) Unified modelling and analysis of collaboration business process based on Petri nets and Pi calculus. IET Softw 4(5):303–317
Zheng Y, Jeon B, Xu D, Wu QM, Zhang H (2015) Image segmentation by generalized hierarchical fuzzy C-means algorithm. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 28(2):961–973
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 61573157, 61562038 and 61562703, the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province under Grant No. 20142BAB217028, the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China under Grant No. 2015B010129015.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
Ethical approval
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
Additional information
Communicated by V. Loia.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Huang, Y., Li, W., Liang, Z. et al. Efficient business process consolidation: combining topic features with structure matching. Soft Comput 22, 645–657 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-016-2364-y
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-016-2364-y