[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Review of the researches on changma and future observational study (kormex)

  • Published:
Advances in Atmospheric Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Changma is the most important supplier of water resource in Korea. However, its interannual variation may cause either floods or droughts time to time in many regions of Korea. A number of studies on Changma have been done in many subjects, such as the on-set and retreat timing, duration of Changma, and its interannual variation, which may cause either wet or dry Changma, and the heavy rainfall phenomena associated with the Changma front. Also, the subjects covered the dynamical situation of Changma compared to that of Baiu and Mei-yu as a part of East Asian monsoon circulation, and relation between Changma and tropical Pacific sea-surface temperature (SST) through atmosphere-ocean interaction, etc: A numerical study is presented in this paper to check the teleconnection between the behavior of Changma front and the variation of tropical Pacific SST. The difference in the lower level streamfunction between the El Nino event of 1987 and the La Nina event.of 1988 illustrates that the cross-equatorial and westerly wind crossing over the India and Indo-China peninsula were weak during the summer of 1988 compared to 1987. This may cause the drought of 1988 in East Asia by reducing moisture supply from the Indian Ocean and the south-western Pacific. Even though there are numerous research activities on the Changma, our knowledge on the Changma is still limited to explain the mechanism of interannual variation of Changma and to provide a proper prediction of precipitation due to both geographical location of Korea and its complex topography. In collaboration with the international field observational projects, such as GAME and SCSMEX, the Korea Monsoon Experiment (KORMEX) has been planned by several scientists in Korea to improve our knowledge on the atmospheric circulation and water cycle related to the East Asian monsoon and to provide necessary information to predict both short- and long-term variation of rainfall during the Changma season.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
£29.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ann, H. -J. and S.-U. Park (1995), The evolutionary of large-scale patterns associated with the onset of the Changma in Korea, Proceedings of the international workshop on the East Asian monsoon,29-31 March 1995, Seoul, Korea, 292 pp.

  • Aikin, P. A. and P. E. Ardently (1989), Estimating climatic-scale precipitation from space:a review. J. Climate, 2: 1229–1238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnett, T. P. et al. (1989), The effect of Eurasian snow cover on regional and global climate variations, J. Atmos. Soc, 846: 661–685.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chung, S.-K and S.-S. Kim (1983), Linear baroclinic instability on the Changma front, J. Korean. Met. Soc, 19–2: 37–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickson, R. R. (1984), Eurasian snow cover versus Indian monsoon rainfall—an extension of Hahn-Schukla results, J. Climate and Appl. Meteor., 23: 171–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Folland and C. K. et. al. (1986), Sahel rainfall and worldwide sea temperature, 1901–85, Nature, 320: 602–607.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gates, W.L. (1992), AMIP: The atmospheric model intercomparison project, Bull. American Meteor. Soc, 73: 1962–1970.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ho, C.-H. and I. -S. Kang(1988), The variability of precitation in Korea, J. Korean. Met. Soc,24-1: 38–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hong, S. G. (1996), Study on the political plan for reduction of the natural disaster related to precipitation, Tech. Report 96-06, STEPI, Seoul, Korea, pp 364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang R. -H. and F. -Y. Sun (1992), Impacts of the tropical western Pacific on the East Asian summer monsoon, J. Meteor. Soc Japan,70: 243–256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kang, I. S. and N. C. Lau (1986), Principal modes of atmospheric variability in model atmospheres with and without anomalous sea surface temperature forcing in the tropical Pacific, J. Atmos. Sci,43: 2719–2735.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———, et al. (1987), Interannual and intraseasonal variations of summer precipitation simulated by a GCM and the influence oftropical Pacific SST on the interannual variability, J. Korean. Met. Soc,23-3: 12–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———, et al. (1991), Seasonal evolution of summer precipitation and moisture transport in Asian monsoon region estimated from the ECMWF data. J. Korean. Met. Soc,27-3: 241–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, K. S. (1992), Encyclopedia ofMeteorlogy, Hwangmunsa, Seoul, Korea, pp 735.

  • Kim, S. S. et al (1983), The characteristic structural differences of the rainy front (Changma front) between the wet and dry seasons, J. Korean. Met. Soc,19-1: 12–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———, (1990), Comments on the Chinese claim for the invention of rain gauses, Korea Journal,22:22–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurti, T. N. and M. Kanamitsu (1981), Northern summer planetary-scale monsoons during drought and normal rainfall months, Monsoon Dynamics, T. L. Lighthill and R. P. Pearce, Eds, Cambridge University Press, 19–48.

  • Kurihara, K. and T. Tsuyuki (1987), Developmant of the barotropic high around Japan and its association with Rossby wave-like propagations over the North Pacific: An observational study of August 1984, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan,65: 237–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwon, T. -Y. and S. -W. Park (1995), The variability of the East Asian monsoon rainfall over the southern part of Korea, Proceedings of the international workshop on th East Asian monsoon,29-31 March 1995, Seoul, Korea, 292 pp.

  • Lau, N. C. (1985), Modeling the seasonal dependence of the atmospheric response to observed El Ninos in 1962-76, Mon. Wea. Rev., 113: 1970–1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lau, K. M. and P. H. Chan (1986), Aspects of the 40-50 day oscillation during northern summer as inferred from OLR, Mon. Wea. Rev., 114: 1354–1367.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, B. -S. and S.-S. Kim (1983), Climatological characteristics of the Changma season, J. of Korea Meteor. Soc,19-1: 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, D. -K. (1989), An observational study of the Northern Hemisphere summertime circulation associated with the wet summer and the dry summer in Korea, J. of Korea. Meteor. Soc,25-4: 206–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———, and S. -Y. Hong (1991), Initialization experiments on a mesoscale numerical model for heavy rainfall simulation, J. ofKorea. Meteor. Soc,27-2: 144–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———, and Y. -A. Kim (1992), Variability of East Asian summer monsoon during the period of 1980-1989, J. ofKorea. Meteor. Soc,28: 315–331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lim, G. H. et al. (1991), The structure of the ageostrophic wind field in baroclinic waves, J. Meteor. Soc,48: 1733–1745.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lim, J. -S. and S. -U. Park (1991), The moisture transport and budget over Korea during the 1988 Changma period, J. ofKorea. Meteor. Soc,27-3: 221–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meehl, G. (1987), The annual cycle and interannual variability in the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean region, Mon. Wea. Rev., 115: 27–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Misumi, R. (1994), Variations of Large-scale Characteristics Associated with the Increment of Baiu Precipitation around 1950, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan,72: 107–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moon, S. -E. (1981), A classification of flow patterns of summer monsoon at 850 mb level in East Asia, J. Korean. Met. Soc,17-2: 22–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitta, T. (1986), Long-term variations of cloud amount in the western Pacific region, J. Meteor. Soc Japan,64: 373–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oh, J.-H. (1996), Study of the Asian summer monsoon for the El Nino event of 1987 and the La Nina event of 1988 with the METRI/YONUGCM, J. of Korea. Meteor. Soc,32-1: 111–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———, et al. (1994), Radiative transfer model for climate studies: 1. Solar radiation parameterization and validation, J. of Korea. Meteor. Soc, 30: 315–333.

    Google Scholar 

  • Park. S. U. et al. (1985), Statistical structure and correlation functions for meteorological variables over Northeast Asia during summer and their application to objective analysis, J. Korean Meteor. Soc,21-3: 12–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———, et al. (1986), Heat and moisture source associated with the Changma front during the summer of 1978, J. Korean Meteor. Soc,22-2: 1–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———, et al. (1988), Evolution of the large scale circulation over East Asia during the Changma period of 1985, J. Korean Meteor. Soc,24-3: 22–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———, et al. (1989), Evolution of synoptic scale features associated with a long-lived convective system (21-23 July, (1987), J. Korean Meteor. Soc,25-3: 168–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasmusson, E. M., and P. A. Arkin (1993), A global view of large-scale precipitation variability, J. Climate,6: 1495–1522.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seo, A. -S., and C. -H. Joung (1982), The climate factor analysis of precipitation, temperature and sea-level pressure over Korea using emperical orthogonal functions, J. Korean. Met. Soc,18-2: 40–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shukla, J., and M. J. Fennessy (1991), Some idealized numerical experiments to diagnose the simulated Asian summer monsoon circulation and rainfall, Simulation of interannual and intraseasonal monsoon variability, WMO / TD 470, 2-37-20-46, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva Switzerland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, I. N. and H. B. Gordon (1992), Simulations of precipitation and atmospheric circulation changes associated with warm SSTs: result from an ensemble of long-term integrations with idealized anomalies, Climat Pyn., 7: 141–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sohn, B.-J. and J. -W. Han (1995), Some climatological features associated with extremes of East Asian summer monsoon, J. Korean. Met. Soc,31-4: 477–488.

    Google Scholar 

  • WCRP (1990), Scientific plan for the Global Energy and water cycle experiment, WCRP-40, WMO / TD-No.376, Geneva, Switzerland, pp 83.

  • Webster, P. J. and S. Yang (1992), Monsoon and ENSO: Selectively interactive systems, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc,118: 877–926.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wee, T.-K. and D. -K. Lee (1994), Semiprognostic tests of Fritsch-Chappell water-cycle process for numerical simulation of heavy rainfalls in Korean peninsula, J. of Korea. Meteor. Soc,30-3: 537–563.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yasunari, T. (1994), GEWEX Asian Monsoon Experiment (GAME), A sub-programme of GEWEX, Science Plan, Japan National Committee for WCRP, Toyko, Japan, 88 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yasunari, T. and Y. Seki (1992), Role of the Asian monsoon on the interannual variability of the global climate system, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan., 70: 177–189.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. METRI, Korea Meteorological Administration, 2 Waryong-dong, 110-360, Chongno-gu, Seoul, Korea

    Jai-Ho Oh, Won-Tae Kwon & Sang-Boom Ryoo

Authors
  1. Jai-Ho Oh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Won-Tae Kwon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sang-Boom Ryoo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

This work was supported by the Minister of Science and Technology through the Grant of special research in meteorology and the Korea Science Foundation through the Grant JOSEF 93-0700-06-02-3.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Oh, JH., Kwon, WT. & Ryoo, SB. Review of the researches on changma and future observational study (kormex). Adv. Atmos. Sci. 14, 207–222 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-997-0020-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-997-0020-2

Key words

Search

Navigation