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Subdaily to Seasonal Change of Surface Energy and Water Flux of the Haihe River Basin in China: Noah and Noah-MP Assessment

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Abstract

The land surface processes of the Noah-MP and Noah models are evaluated over four typical landscapes in the Haihe River Basin (HRB) using in-situ observations. The simulated soil temperature and moisture in the two land surface models (LSMs) is consistent with the observation, especially in the rainy season. The models reproduce the mean values and seasonality of the energy fluxes of the croplands, despite the obvious underestimated total evaporation. Noah shows the lower deep soil temperature. The net radiation is well simulated for the diurnal time scale. The daytime latent heat fluxes are always underestimated, while the sensible heat fluxes are overestimated to some degree. Compared with Noah, Noah-MP has improved daily average soil heat flux with diurnal variations. Generally, Noah-MP performs fairly well for different landscapes of the HRB. The simulated cold bias in soil temperature is possibly linked with the parameterized partition of the energy into surface fluxes. Thus, further improvement of these LSMs remains a major challenge.

摘要

本文利用自动站观测资料, 选取海河流域的四种典型下垫面对Noah-MP和Noah陆面过程模式的模拟性能进行评估. 结果表明, 两种离线模式能较好模拟土壤温度和湿度, 特别是在雨季. 虽然模式模拟的蒸发量偏低, 但基本能模拟出作物下垫面的各能量分量的平均分布和季节变率. Noah陆面过程模式对深层土壤温度的模拟偏低. 两种陆面过程模式都能较好模拟净辐射的日变化. 白天的潜热辐射模拟偏低, 而感热辐射则有不同程度的模拟偏高. 与传统的Noah陆面过程模式相比, 虽然Noah-MP模式模拟的土壤热通量日变率更大, 但土壤热通量均值也更接近观测值. 总体来说, Noah-MP模式在海河流域各下垫面的模拟性能都有不同程度的提高. 离线模式模拟的土壤温度偏低可能与陆面能量各通量间的参数化有关, 因此, 提高模式在这些方面的参数化能力仍然是当前改善模式性能所面临的主要挑战.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by a project of the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0602501), a project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41630532 and 41575093). The dataset was provided by the Cold and Arid Regions Science Data Center at Lanzhou (https://doi.org/westdc.westgis.ac.cn). We gratefully acknowledge Prof. Shaomin LIU of Beijing Normal University for providing the Haihe multiscale surface flux and meteorological elements observational experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Fuqiang Yang, Li Dan, Jing Peng & Xiujing Yang

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Fuqiang Yang, Xiujing Yang & Yueyue Li

  3. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    Yueyue Li

  4. School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China

    Dongdong Gao

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  1. Fuqiang Yang
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Correspondence to Li Dan.

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Yang, F., Dan, L., Peng, J. et al. Subdaily to Seasonal Change of Surface Energy and Water Flux of the Haihe River Basin in China: Noah and Noah-MP Assessment. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 36, 79–92 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-018-8035-4

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