Abstract
Motion planning and stabilization of the inverted pendulum on a cart is a much-studied problem in the control community. We focus our attention on asymptotically stabilizing a vertically upright flexible beam fixed on a moving cart. The flexibility of the beam is restricted only to the direction along the traverse of the cart. The control objective is to attenuate the effect of disturbances on the vertically upright profile of the beam. The control action available is the motion of the cart. By regulating this motion, we seek to regulate the shape of the beam. The problem presents a combination of a system described by a partial differential equation (PDE) and a cart modeled as an ordinary differential equation (ODE) as well as a controller which we restrict to an ODE. We set our problem in the port-controlled Hamiltonian framework. The interconnection of the flexible beam to the cart is viewed as a power-conserving interconnection of an infinite-dimensional system to a finite-dimensional system. The energy-Casimir method is employed to obtain the controller. In this method, we look for some constants of motion that are invariant of the choice of controller Hamiltonian. These Casimirs relate the controller states to the states of the system. We finally prove the stability of the equilibrium configuration of the closed-loop system.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Balan, R., Maties, V., Hancu, O., Stan, S.: A predictive control approach for the inverse pendulum on a cart problem. In: Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (Ontario, Canada), pp. 2026–2031, July 2005
Bloch, A.M., Marsden, J.E.: Stabilization of the rigid body dynamics by the energy-Casimir method. Syst. Control Lett. 14, 341–346 (1990)
Bloch, A.M., Leonard, N.E., Marsden, J.E.: Controlled Lagrangians and the stabilization of mechanical systems I: The first matching theorem. IEEE Trans. Automat. Control 45, 2253–2270 (2000)
Bloch, A.M., Chang, D.E., Leonard, N.E., Marsden, J.E.: Controlled Lagrangians and the stabilization of mechanical systems II: Potential shaping. IEEE Trans. Automat. Control 46, 1556–1571 (2001)
Courant, T.J.: Dirac manifolds. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 319(2), 631–661 (1990)
Flanders, H.: Differential Forms: with Applications to the Physical Sciences. Academic Press, San Diego (1963). Hardcover: p. 203
Fuxman, A.M., Aksikas, I., Forbes, J.F., Hayes, R.E.: LQ-feedback control of a reverse flow reactor. J. Process. Control 18, 654–662 (2008)
Konstantin, Z., Eliya, S.: Predictive controller design with offline model learning for flexible beam control. In: Proc. of International Conference on Physics and Control (St. Petersburg, Russian Federation), pp. 345–350, August 2005
Laroche, B., Martin, P., Rouchon, P.: Motion planning for a class of partial differential equations with boundary control. In: Proc. of 37th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (Tampa, Florida, USA), pp. 3494–3497, December 1998
Lynch, A.F., Wang, D.: Flatness-based control of a flexible beam in a gravitational field. In: Proc. of American Control Conference (Boston, Massachusetts, USA), pp. 5449–5454, June–July 2004
Macchelli, A., Melchiorri, C.: Modeling and control of the Timoshenko beam. The distributed port Hamiltonian approach. SIAM J. Control Optim. 43(2), 743–767 (2004)
Macchelli, A., van der Schaft, A.J., Melchiorri, C.: Port Hamiltonian formulation of infinite dimensional systems: Part I. Modeling. In: Proc. of 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (Paradise Island, Bahama’s), pp. 3762–3767, December 2004a
Macchelli, A., van der Schaft, A.J., Melchiorri, C.: Port Hamiltonian formulation of infinite dimensional systems: Part II. Boundary control by interconnection. In: Proc. of 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (Paradise Island, Bahama’s), pp. 3768–3773, December 2004b
Marsden, J.E., Ratiu, T.S.: Introduction to Mechanics and Symmetry. Springer, Berlin (1994). Hardcover: p. x+500
Sadegh, N.: Dynamic inversion of boundary control systems with applications to a flexible beam. In: Proc. of American Control Conference (Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA), p. 6, June 2006
Sakurama, K., Nakano, S.H.K.: Swing-up and stabilization control of a cart-pendulum system via energy control and controlled Lagrangian methods. Trans. Inst. Electr. Eng. Jpn., Part C 126-C(5), 617–623 (2006)
Spivak, M.: A Comprehensive Introduction to Differential Geometry, 2nd edn., vol. 1. Publish or Perish, Boston (1979). Hardcover: p. xiii+674
Swaters, G.E.: Introduction to Hamiltonian Fluid Dynamics and Stability Theory. Monographs and Surveys in Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol. 102. Chapman and Hall/CRC, London (2000). Hardcover: p. 274
Toshiharu, S., Kenji, F.: Control of inverted pendulum systems based on approximate linearization: Design and experiment. In: Proc. of 33rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (Lake Buena Vista, Florida, USA), pp. 1647–1651, December 1994
van der Schaft, A.J.: Port-controlled Hamiltonian systems: towards a theory for control and design of nonlinear physical systems. J. Soc. Instrum. Control Eng. Jpn. (SICE) 39(2), 91–98 (2000)
van der Schaft, A.J., Maschke, B.: Hamiltonian formulation of distributed-parameter systems with boundary energy flow. J. Geom. Phys. 42, 166–194 (2002)
Winkin, J.J.J., Dochain, D., Ligarius, P.: Dynamical analysis of distributed parameter tubular reactors. Automatica 36(3), 349–361 (2000)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by A. Bloch.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Banavar, R., Dey, B. Stabilizing a Flexible Beam on a Cart: A Distributed Port-Hamiltonian Approach. J Nonlinear Sci 20, 131–151 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00332-009-9054-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00332-009-9054-1