Abstract
Solanum nigrum is a newly discovered Cd-hyperaccumulator. In the present study, the protective effects of proline against cadmium toxicity of callus and regenerated shoots of S. nigrum are investigated based on a high frequency in vitro shoot regeneration system. Proline pretreatment reduces the reactive oxygen species levels and protects the plasma membrane integrity of callus under cadmium stress, and therefore improves the cadmium tolerance in S. nigrum. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy analysis shows that exogenous proline increases the cadmium accumulation in callus and regenerated shoots of S. nigrum. Further analysis indicates that the improvement of cadmium tolerance caused by proline pretreatment is correlated with an increase of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity and intracellular total glutathione content. The interaction between proline and enzymic or non-enzymic antioxidants is discussed.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Dr Dezhu Li of Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences for providing the S. nigrum seeds. The authors truly appreciate the time that Dr Maike Susann Petersen and the anonymous reviewers spent on helping to clarify the confusions and modify the paper. This research was supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant no. 0707013603).
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Communicated by M. Petersen.
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Xu, J., Yin, H. & Li, X. Protective effects of proline against cadmium toxicity in micropropagated hyperaccumulator, Solanum nigrum L.. Plant Cell Rep 28, 325–333 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-008-0643-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-008-0643-5