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Caspase-1: an integral regulator of innate immunity

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Abstract

Caspase-1 is a unique cysteine protease playing central roles in innate immunity. Pathogens, stress, and damage signals induce activation of caspase-1, typically mediated by proximity-induced autoproteolysis in multimeric protein complexes called the inflammasome. Active caspase-1 induces secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediates pyroptosis, a programmed pro-inflammatory cell death, thereby initiating an immune response finally leading to pathogen clearance. Excessive activation of caspase-1 is the underlying cause for rare diseases such as periodic fever syndromes, and more common disorders, including atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, and gout. Beside these well-known pro-inflammatory functions, active caspase-1 also has anti-inflammatory and protective functions contributing to cell survival, reduced inflammatory cytokine signaling, and improved outcomes in mouse models of burn injury or trauma and shock. Furthermore, naturally occurring procaspase-1 variants with reduced or abrogated enzymatic activity mediate enhanced inflammatory signaling and have been associated to autoinflammatory symptoms. Here, we review functions of caspase-1 focusing on anti-inflammatory signaling pathways and discuss the role of enzymatically inactive caspase-1 as disease-promoting factors in autoinflammatory diseases. Moreover, we illustrate differential requirements for autoproteolysis and enzymatic activity in caspase-1 functions.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Christian Hedrich and Jochen Roesler for fruitful discussions and critical reading of the manuscript.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interest.

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  1. Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany

    Stefan Winkler & Angela Rösen-Wolff

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Correspondence to Angela Rösen-Wolff.

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This article is a contribution to the Special Issue on The Inflammasome and Autoinflammatory Diseases - Guest Editors: Seth L. Masters, Tilmann Kallinich and Seza Ozen

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Winkler, S., Rösen-Wolff, A. Caspase-1: an integral regulator of innate immunity. Semin Immunopathol 37, 419–427 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-015-0494-4

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