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Exosomes: immune properties and potential clinical implementations

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Abstract

To communicate, cells are known to release in their environment proteins which bind to receptors on surrounding cells. But cells also secrete more complex structures, called membrane vesicles, composed of a lipid bilayer with inserted transmembrane proteins, enclosing an internal content of hydrophilic components. Exosomes represent a specific subclass of such secreted membrane vesicles, which, despite having been described more than 20 years ago by two groups studying reticulocyte maturation, have only recently received attention from the scientific community. This renewed interest originated first from the description of exosome secretion by antigen-presenting cells, suggesting a potential role in immune responses, and very recently by the identification of the presence of RNA (both messenger and microRNA) in exosomes, suggesting a potential transfer of genetic information between cells. In this review, we will describe the conclusions of 20 years of studies on the immune properties of exosomes and the most recent advances on their roles and potential uses as markers or as therapeutic tools during pathologies, especially in cancer.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Fondation de France, Agence Nationale pour la Recherche, and Institut National du Cancer for funding their research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1015, Villejuif, 94805, France

    Nathalie Chaput

  2. Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94805, France

    Nathalie Chaput

  3. Institut Curie, Paris, 75005, France

    Clotilde Théry

  4. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, Paris, 75005, France

    Clotilde Théry

  5. Centre d’Investigation Clinique en Biothérapie CICBT507, Villejuif, 94805, France

    Nathalie Chaput & Clotilde Théry

  6. Laboratoire de Thérapie Cellulaire, Villejuif, 94805, France

    Nathalie Chaput

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  1. Nathalie Chaput
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  2. Clotilde Théry
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Correspondence to Clotilde Théry.

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Chaput, N., Théry, C. Exosomes: immune properties and potential clinical implementations. Semin Immunopathol 33, 419–440 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-010-0233-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-010-0233-9

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