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Antifungal Metabolites of Streptomyces chrestomyceticus STR-2 Inhibits Magnaporthe oryzae, the Incitant of Rice Blast

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Abstract

Rice, a staple food crop worldwide, suffers devastating yield losses as a result of blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae Cav. The adverse effects of chemicals on the environment are rising concerns for sustainable and eco-friendly approaches. The use of antagonistic microbes for the management of rice blast appears to be a sustainable solution to this challenge. Herein, we isolated 20 Streptomyces strains from rice rhizosphere, among which the isolate STR-2 exhibited maximum inhibition of mycelial growth of M. oryzae accounting for 50% reduction over control. The isolate STR-2 was identified as S. chrestomyceticus through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In vitro tests demonstrated its ability to produce antifungal and bioactive compounds and also synthesize siderophore, IAA, and phosphate-solubilizing agents, thereby promoting plant growth upon inoculation on rice seeds. GC–MS analysis showed the presence of volatiles, antifungal, antimicrobial, and antioxidant compounds with different retention times. The crude antibiotic extract of 0.5% of S. chrestomyceticus STR-2 reduced the mycelial growth of M. oryzae over the control. Application of talc-based formulation of Streptomyces chrestomyceticus STR-2 resulted in the least disease incidence (15.89%) with the highest disease reduction of 65.26% over untreated control under field condition. These findings indicate the potential of S. chrestomyceticus as a potential bio-inoculant against rice blast disease.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College & Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tamil Nadu, India for extending necessary infrastructural facilities to carry out the above research work. The author acknowledges the help rendered by M. Nivedha during the course of the experiments.

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This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or non-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 104, India

    R. Rahila, S. Harish, K. Kalpana, M. Arulsamy & R. Kalaivanan

  2. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 104, India

    G. Anand

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RR : investigation, experimentation, and analysis, SH : conceptualization, supervision, validation, editing, and project administration, KK and GA : methodology and resources, MA and RK : data interpretation and analysis.

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284_2023_3205_MOESM1_ESM.jpg

Supplemental Figure S1: Phylogenetic tree of Magnaporthe oryzae large subunit ribosomal RNA gene with other nucleotide sequences from the GenBank. rDNA homology searches were performed using the BLAST program and the sequences were submitted to GenBank. Clustering was determined by UPGMA analysis and the nucleotide sequences were aligned using CLUSTAL X 1.81. (TIF 31304 KB)

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Rahila, R., Harish, S., Kalpana, K. et al. Antifungal Metabolites of Streptomyces chrestomyceticus STR-2 Inhibits Magnaporthe oryzae, the Incitant of Rice Blast. Curr Microbiol 80, 107 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-023-03205-3

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