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Evapotranspiration of grapevine trained to a gable trellis system under netting and black plastic mulching

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Abstract

The evapotranspiration (ET c) of a table grape vineyard (Vitis vinifera, cv. Red Globe) trained to a gable trellis under netting and black plastic mulching was determined under semiarid conditions in the central Ebro River Valley during 2007 and 2008. The netting was made of high-density polyethylene (pores of 12 mm2) and was placed just above the ground canopy about 2.2 m above soil surface. Black plastic mulching was used to minimize soil evaporation. The surface renewal method was used to obtain values of sensible heat flux (H) from high-frequency temperature readings. Later, latent heat flux (LE) values were obtained by solving the energy balance equation. For the May–October period, seasonal ET c was about 843 mm in 2007 and 787 mm in 2008. The experimental weekly crop coefficients (K cexp) fluctuated between 0.64 and 1.2. These values represent crop coefficients adjusted to take into account the reduction in ET c caused by the netting and the black plastic mulching. Average K cexp values during mid- and end-season stages were 0.79 and 0.98, respectively. End-season K cexp was higher due to combination of factors related to the precipitation and low ET o conditions that are typical in this region during fall. Estimated crop coefficients using the Allen et al. (1998) approach adjusting for the effects of the netting and black plastic mulching (K cFAO) showed a good agreement with the experimental K cexp values.

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Acknowledgments

Work funded by the project Consolider CSD2006—00067 (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain). Thanks are due to the owner and manager of the commercial table grape orchard, to J. Negueroles, J. M. Faci, O. Blanco, M. Izquierdo, J. Gaudó, D. Mayoral, J. M. Acín, P. Paniagua, E. Medina, and C. Merino for technical and field assistance, and to the manuscript reviewers for their useful comments.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Production, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    R. Moratiel

  2. CEIGRAM, Centro de Estudios e Investigación para la Gestión de Riesgos Agrarios y Medioambientales, C/ Senda del Rey 13, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    R. Moratiel

  3. Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain

    A. Martínez-Cob

Authors
  1. R. Moratiel
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Correspondence to R. Moratiel.

Additional information

Communicated by I. Dodd.

Appendix

Appendix

Determination of the ramp parameters

The recorded high-frequency air temperature values were used to calculate the so-called structure functions (Snyder et al. 1996) each half-hour:

$$ S^{n} \left( r \right) = {\frac{1}{m - j}}\sum\limits_{{{\text{i}} = 1 + {\text{j}}}}^{m} {\left( {T_{\text{i}} - T_{\text{i - j}} } \right)^{n} } $$
(5)

where: m number of data points in the 30-min interval measured at frequency (f = 5 Hz in this case), n power of the function, j sample lag between data points corresponding to a time lag (r = j/f); T i the ith temperature sample. For each thermocouple the powers 2, 3 and 5 of the structure function were computed for sample lags of 1, 2, 3 and 4 (i.e. for temperature readings 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 s apart).

An estimate of the mean value for A for each half-hour was determined by solving the following equation (Van Atta 1977; Paw U et al. 2005) for the real roots:

$$ A^{3} + pA + q = 0 $$
(6)

where:

$$ p = 10\,S^{2} (r) - {\frac{{S^{5} (r)}}{{S^{3} (r)}}} $$
(7)

and

$$ q = 10\,S^{3} (r) $$
(8)

Finally, the inverse ramp frequency τ was estimated using the following equation:

$$ \tau = {-} {\frac{{A^{3} r}}{{S^{3} (r)}}} $$
(9)

Using the Eqs. 5–9, A and τ values were determined each half-hour for both thermocouples and for each time lag (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 s).

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Moratiel, R., Martínez-Cob, A. Evapotranspiration of grapevine trained to a gable trellis system under netting and black plastic mulching. Irrig Sci 30, 167–178 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-011-0275-3

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