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Differential Activity of Autochthonous Bacteria in Controlling Drought Stress in Native Lavandula and Salvia Plants Species Under Drought Conditions in Natural Arid Soil

  • Plant Microbe Interactions
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Abstract

The effectiveness of autochthonous plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria was studied in Lavandula dentata and Salvia officinalis growing in a natural arid Mediterranean soil under drought conditions. These bacteria identified as Bacillus megaterium (Bm), Enterobacter sp. (E), Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), and Bacillus sp. (Bsp). Each bacteria has different potential to meliorate water limitation and alleviating drought stress in these two plant species. B. thuringiensis promoted growth and drought avoidance in Lavandula by increasing K content, by depressing stomatal conductance, and it controlled shoot proline accumulation. This bacterial effect on increasing drought tolerance was related to the decrease of glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) that resulted sensitive indexes of lower cellular oxidative damage involved in the adaptative drought response in B. thuringiensis-inoculated Lavandula plants. In contrast, in Salvia, having intrinsic lower shoot/root ratio, higher stomatal conductance and lower APX and GR activities than Lavandula, the bacterial effects on nutritional, physiological and antioxidant enzymatic systems were lower. The benefit of bacteria depended on intrinsic stress tolerance of plant involved. Lavadula demonstrated a greater benefit than Salvia to control drought stress when inoculated with B. thuringiensis. The bacterial drought tolerance assessed as survival, proline, and indolacetic acid production showed the potential of this bacteria to help plants to grow under drought conditions. B. thuringiensis may be used for Lavandula plant establishment in arid environments. Particular characteristic of the plant species as low shoot/root ratio and high stomatal conductance are important factors controlling the bacterial effectiveness improving nutritional, physiological, and metabolic plant activities.

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Abbreviations

PGPR:

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria

GR:

Glutathione reductase

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

CAT:

Catalase

IAA:

Indolacetic acid

Bm:

Bacillus megaterium

E:

Enterobacter sp.

Bt:

Bacillus thuringiensis

Bsp:

Bacillus sp.

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Acknowledgments

E. Armada was financed by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. This work was carried out in the framework of the project reference AGL2009-12530-C02-02. We thank the Instrumentation Service (EEZ) for the plant analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Prof. Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain

    Elisabeth Armada & Rosario Azcon

  2. Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain

    Antonio Roldán

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  1. Elisabeth Armada
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Correspondence to Rosario Azcon.

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Armada, E., Roldán, A. & Azcon, R. Differential Activity of Autochthonous Bacteria in Controlling Drought Stress in Native Lavandula and Salvia Plants Species Under Drought Conditions in Natural Arid Soil. Microb Ecol 67, 410–420 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-013-0326-9

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