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Bacterial Mechanisms to Overcome Inhibitory Effects of Dietary Tannins

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Abstract

High concentrations of tannins in fodder plants inhibit gastrointestinal bacteria and reduce ruminant performance. Increasing the proportion of tannin-resistant bacteria in the rumen protects ruminants from antinutritional effects. The reason for the protective effect is unclear, but could be elucidated if the mechanism(s) by which tannins inhibit bacteria and the mechanisms of tannin resistance were understood. A review of the literature indicates that the ability of tannins to complex with polymers and minerals is the basis of the inhibitory effect on gastrointestinal bacteria. Mechanisms by which bacteria can overcome inhibition include tannin modification/degradation, dissociation of tannin–substrate complexes, tannin inactivation by high-affinity binders, and membrane modification/repair and metal ion sequestration. Understanding the mechanism of action of tannins and the mechanism(s) bacteria use to overcome the inhibitory effects will allow better management of the rumen ecosystem to reduce the antinutritional effects of tannin-rich fodder plants and thereby improve ruminant production.

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Acknowledgments

This research and development was supported in part by funds provided to the International Arid Lands Consortium (IALC) by the USDA Forest Service and by the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA

    Alexandra H. Smith

  2. Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6703 CT, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Erwin Zoetendal

  3. Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, 1207 W. Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Roderick I. Mackie

  4. Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, 1207 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Roderick I. Mackie

Authors
  1. Alexandra H. Smith
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  2. Erwin Zoetendal
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  3. Roderick I. Mackie
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Correspondence to Roderick I. Mackie.

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Smith, A.H., Zoetendal, E. & Mackie, R.I. Bacterial Mechanisms to Overcome Inhibitory Effects of Dietary Tannins. Microb Ecol 50, 197–205 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-004-0180-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-004-0180-x

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