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Development of suitable standards for quantitative determination of persimmon phenol contents in Folin-Ciocalteu and vanillin assays

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An Erratum to this article was published on 28 June 2014

Abstract

Use of gallic acid (GA) as a standard in the Folin-Ciocalteu assay leads to an underestimation of phenol content in persimmon extracts so does the widely used catechin (C) in vanillin assay for determining condensed tannins in persimmon extracts. To develop suitable standards for addressing the issue of accuracy, we prepared highly purified persimmon tannin (PT) and its three fractions (PT20, PT40 and PT60), as well as three characteristic structural subunits of PT including epicatechin-3-gallate-(4β → 8, 2β → O→7)-epicatechin-3-gallate (A-type ECG dimer), epigallocatechin-3-gallate-(4β → 8, 2β → O→7)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (A-type EGCG dimer) and epicatechin-(4β → 8)-epicatechin (B-type EC dimer). We compared the color yield of commercially available standards including the dimers GA, EGCG, ECG, C and PT and its three fractions in the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and vanillin assay, respectively. Our results suggested that for estimating phenol content in persimmon extracts, EGCG, ECG, C and GA were poor standards in Folin-Ciocalteu assay. We recommended PT40 as the most suitable standard in determining the phenol content of persimmon extracts. In the vanillin assay, A-type EGCG dimer or A-type ECG dimer were superior than the commonly used C as standards, and ECG was also an alternative when A-type EGCG dimer or A-type ECG dimer were not available.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31271833), the Chinese Ministry Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-12-0865) Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (No. 201203047) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2013PY022).

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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Bo Zou, Xiao-qian Dong, Zhen-zhen Ge, Ze Xu, Jing Du & Chun-mei Li

  2. Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China

    Chun-mei Li

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  1. Bo Zou
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  2. Xiao-qian Dong
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Correspondence to Bo Zou.

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Zou, B., Dong, Xq., Ge, Zz. et al. Development of suitable standards for quantitative determination of persimmon phenol contents in Folin-Ciocalteu and vanillin assays. Eur Food Res Technol 239, 385–391 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-014-2232-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-014-2232-x

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