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A survey on design optimization of battery electric vehicle components, systems, and management

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Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive survey of optimization developments in various aspects of electric vehicles (EVs). The survey covers optimization of the battery, including thermal, electrical, and mechanical aspects. The use of advanced techniques such as generative design or origami-inspired topological design enables by additive manufacturing is discussed, along with sensitivity studies of battery performance with alternate materials and incorporating sustainability considerations. Strategies for battery charging/discharging and battery swapping are reviewed, taking into consideration factors such as operation, cost, battery performance, and range anxiety. Future research is suggested to address uncertainties in charging ecosystem design and incorporate both forward and inverse prediction capabilities, leveraging benefits for both the grid and individual vehicles. The optimization techniques for other EV components, such as motors, powertrains, tires, and chassis, are also discussed. Finally, this paper presents a review of the EV management, specifically the optimization of charging station, grid, and fleet management, including research on charging station construction, charging station operation strategies, and power system operation strategies. The need for further research on robustness, reliability, and sustainability is emphasized to justify the use of EVs in the future.

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Acknowledgements

EA acknowledges the support provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK) Project No. 22AG024 under Program No. 22AG001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, 06560, Ankara, Türkiye

    Erdem Acar

  2. Advanced Design, Optimization and Probabilistic Techniques Laboratory, Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India

    Naman Jain & Palaniappan Ramu

  3. Mechanical Engineering Department, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea

    Chulhyun Hwang & Ikjin Lee

Authors
  1. Erdem Acar
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  2. Naman Jain
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  3. Palaniappan Ramu
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  4. Chulhyun Hwang
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  5. Ikjin Lee
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Contributions

All authors wrote the main manuscript text for section 1, 4, and 5. C.H. and I.L. wrote the main manuscript text for section 2.1 and 2.3. N.J. and P.R. wrote the main manuscript text for section 2.2 and E.A. wrote the main manuscript text for section 3. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ikjin Lee.

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Acar, E., Jain, N., Ramu, P. et al. A survey on design optimization of battery electric vehicle components, systems, and management. Struct Multidisc Optim 67, 27 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-024-03737-7

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