Abstract
New amide linked bis-indoles 10a, b, and 12 have been synthesized by treatment of tryptamine (9) or 5-aminoindole (11) with oxalyl chloride or adipoyl chloride. In addition, a newly indole derivatives 14–16 incorporated or fused with coumarin moieties have been prepared through the reaction of 9 or 11 with 4-chloro-3-formylcoumarin (13a) or 4-chloro-3-nitrocoumarin (13b). Further, 13-(3-nitrophenyl)-6,13-dihydrochromeno[4,3-b]pyrrolo[3,2-f]quinolin-12(3H)-one (20) has been produced via one-pot Mannish reaction of 11, 4-hydroxycoumarin (17), and 3-nitrobenzaldehyde (18) in the presence of N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) as a catalyst. A mixture of 3-[(3H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl]-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one (24A), and 3-[(1H-indol-3-yl)methylene]chroman-2,4-dione (24B) has been obtained with ratio 1:1 through Knoevenagel condensation reaction of indole-3-carboxaldehyde (21) and 17. Structures of the obtained compounds have been assigned by sophisticated spectroscopic techniques (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and 2D NMR) and mass spectrometry. All the synthesized compounds have been screened for their cytotoxic activity against the human cervix carcinoma cell line (KB-3-1), where compounds 14a, 16, and 20 exhibit the highest potent activity (IC50 = 1.8, 2.2, and 7.9 µM, respectively) in comparison with the positive control (+)-Griseofulvin (IC50 = 19.2 µM), whereas the tautomeric mixture 24A, B show moderate activity (IC50 = 71.3 µM). Moreover, molecular docking study of the synthesized compounds toward the matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) (PDB ID: 1MNC) has also discussed.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the NMR and MS Departments at Bielefeld University for spectral measurements. We would like to thank Carmela Michalek for biological activity testing and Marco Wißbrock with Anke Nieß for technical assistance. This research work has been financed by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) with funds from the German Federal Foreign Office in the frame of the Research Training Network “Novel Cytotoxic Drugs from Extremophilic Actinomycetes” (Project ID57166072).
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Halawa, A.H., Abd El-Gilil, S.M., Bedair, A.H. et al. Synthesis of diverse amide linked bis-indoles and indole derivatives bearing coumarin-based moiety: cytotoxicity and molecular docking investigations. Med Chem Res 27, 796–806 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-017-2103-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-017-2103-7