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A Velocity-independent DOA Estimator of Underwater Acoustic Signals via an Arbitrary Cross-linear Nested Array

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Abstract

In this paper, an estimator for underwater DOA estimation is proposed by using a cross-linear nested array with an arbitrary cross-angle. The estimator removes the acoustic velocity factor by deriving the geometric relation of the cross-linear array. Compared with conventional DOA estimation algorithms via a linear array, this estimator eliminates systematic errors caused by the uncertainty factor of the acoustic velocity in the underwater environment. In comparison with the conventional acoustic velocity-independent algorithm, this estimator uses the nested array and does not have to estimate the value of the acoustic velocity, which improves the performance of DOA estimation. Moreover, the proposed method is only slightly inferior to some of the conventional algorithms if the acoustic velocity is estimated accurately. Numerical simulations are provided to validate the analytical derivations and corroborate the improved performance in underwater environments where the actual acoustic velocity is not accurate.

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Availability of data and materials

The code for the simulation experiments in this paper has been uploaded to the github repository (https://github.com/wtd5656/Sound-velocity-independent-DOA-estimation-algorithm).

Abbreviations

ESPRIT:

Estimating signal parameter via rotational invariance techniques

TLS-ESPRIT:

Total least square ESPRIT

GLS-ESPRIT:

Generalized least square ESPRIT

SS-ESPRIT:

ESPRIT using spatial smoothing technique

VI-ESPRIT:

Velocity-independent ESPRIT

TVI-ESPRIT:

Velocity-independent ESPRIT using Toeplitz matrix reconstruction

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank all anonymous reviewers and editors for their helpful comments for the improvement of this paper.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61871191, 62171187, 62192711), the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Short-Range Wireless Detection and Communication (2017B030314003), and the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou (201804010209).

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GN and GJ proposed the original idea of the full text; GN and YW designed and implemented the simulation experiments; YW and XZ wrote the manuscript under the guidance of GN. All authors read and approved this submission.

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Correspondence to Gengxin Ning.

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Ning, G., Wang, Y., Jing, G. et al. A Velocity-independent DOA Estimator of Underwater Acoustic Signals via an Arbitrary Cross-linear Nested Array. Circuits Syst Signal Process 42, 996–1010 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-022-02157-6

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