Abstract
A formalism for image representation in the combined frequency-position space is presented using the generalized Gabor approach. This approach uses elementary functions to which the human visual system is particularly sensitive and which are efficient for the analysis and synthesis of visual imagery. The formalism is also compatible with the implementation of a variable resolution system wherein image information is nonuniformly distributed across the visual field in accordance with the human visual system's ability to process it. When used with a gaze-slaved visual display system, imagery generated using the techniques described here affords a combination of high resolution and wide field-of-view. This combination is particularly important in high-fidelity, computergenerated, visual environments as required, for instance, in flight simulators.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.References
Bastiaans MJ (1981) A sampling theorem for the complex spectrogram and Gabor expansion of a signal into Gaussian elementary signals. Opt Eng 20:594–598
Brammer RF, Stephenson TP (1989) The merging of computer graphics and image processing technologies and applications. SPIE Conference, San Diego, August
Daugman JG (1985) Uncertainty relation for resolution in space, spatial frequency, and orientation optimized by twodimensional visual cortical filters. J Opt Soc Am 2:1160–1169
Diehl VE (1976) A variable acuity remote viewing system. Proc IEEE, National Aerospace and Electronics Conference, p 663
Einziger PD, Herzberg Y (1986) On the Gabor representation and its digital implementation. EE Pub No. 587, Technion
Fischetti MA, Truxal C (1985) Simulating the right stuff. IEEE Spectrum 22:38–47
Flanagan JL (1965) Speech analysis, synthesis, and perception. Academic Press, New York
Gabor D (1946) Theory of communication. JIEE 93:429–459
Geri GA, Lyon DR, Zeevi YY (1989) Discrimination of multicomponent Gabor textures in the central and peripheral visual field. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci [Suppl] 30:452
Ginsburg AP (1978) Visual information processing based on spatial filters constrained by biological data. (AMRL-TR-78-129). Air Force Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio
Haworth LA, Bucher NM, Hennessy RT (1988) Wide field of view helmet mounted display systems for helicopter simulation. AIAA Flight Simulation Technologies Conf Atlanta, pp 1–9
Higgins JR (1977) Completeness and basis properties of sets of special functions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Horiuchi K (1968) Sampling principle for continuous signals with time-varying bands. Information and Control 13:53–61
JOSA (1987) Variations of visual function across the visual field. (feature section) J Opt Soc Am 4:1478–1703
Kronauer RE, Zeevi YY (1985) Reorganization and diversification of signals in vision. IEEE Trans Sys Man Cybern 15:91–101
Kronauer RE, Zeevi YY, Daugman JG (1982) Degree of disorder perceived in images with punctate spectra. J Opt Soc Am 72:1798
MacKay DM (1981) Strife over visual cortical function. Nature 289:117–118
Marcelja S (1980) Mathematical description of the responses of simple cortical cells. J Opt Soc Am 70:1297–1300
Mostafavi H, Sakrison DJ (1976) Structure and properties of a single channel in the human visual system. Vision Res 16:957–968
Pollen DA, Ronner SF (1983) Visual cortical neurons as localized spatial frequency filters. IEEE Trans Sys Man Cybern 13:907–916
Porat M, Zeevi YY (1988) The generalized Gabor scheme of image representation in biological and machine vision. IEEE Trans Patt Anal Mach Intell 10:452–468
Porat M, Zeevi YY (1989) Localized texture processing in vision: Analysis and synthesis in the Gaborian space. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 36:115–129
Robinson R, Thomas M, Wetzel P (1989) Eye tracker development on the fiber optic helmet mounted display. Proc Helmett-Mounted Displays SPIE 1116:102–108
Schachter BJ (1983) Factors affecting the design of CIG systems. In: Schachter BJ (ed) Computer image generation, chap. 3, Wiley-Interscience, New York
Schwartz E (1980) Computational anatomy and functional architecture of striate cortex: a spatial mapping approach to perceptual coding. Vision Res 20:645–669
Shlomot E, Zeevi YY (1989) A nonuniform sampling and representation scheme for images which are not band-limited. Proc IEEE Convention, Tel-Aviv April
Watson AB, Barlow HB, Robson JG (1983) What does the eye see best. Nature 302:419–422
Watson AB, Robson JG (1981) Discrimination at threshold: labelled detectors in human vision. Vision Res 21:1115–1122
Weiman CFR, Chaikin G (1979) Logarithmic spiral grids for image processing and display. Comput Graphics Image Proc 11:197–226
Welch B, Shenker M (1984) The fiber-optic helmet-mounted display. Proc Image III Conf Phoenix, pp 345–361
Williams T, Komoda M, Zeevi YY (1987) Techniques and methods used in eye-tracking in the fiber-optic helmet-mounted display. Proc Image IV Conf Phoenix, June pp 314–319
Wilson HR, Bergen JR (1979) A four mechanism model for threshold spatial vision. Vision Res 19:19–32
Yarbus AL (1967) Eye movements and vision. (edited and translated by LA Riggs and B Haigh) Plenum Press, New York
Zeevi YY, Peterfreund N, Shlomot E (1988) Image representation in nonuniform systems. Proc Visual Communications and Image Processing. SPIE 1001:563–571
Zeevi YY, Porat M (1984) Combined frequency-position scheme of image representation in vision. J Opt Soc Am [A] 1:1284
Zeevi YY, Porat M (1988) Computer image generation using elementary functions matched to human vision. In: Earnshaw RA (ed) Theoretical foundations of computer graphics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zeevi, Y.Y., Porat, M. & Geri, G.A. Computer image generation for flight simulators: the Gabor approach. The Visual Computer 6, 93–105 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01901070
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01901070