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Intelligent tutoring systems: an overview

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Abstract

This is a non-expert overview of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs), a way in which Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques are being applied to education. It introduces ITSs and the motivation for them. It looks at its history: its evolution from Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI). After looking at the structure of a ‘typical’ ITS, the paper further examines and discusses some other architectures. Several classic ITSs are reviewed, mainly due to their historical significance or because they best demonstrate some of the principles of intelligent tutoring. A reasonably representative list of ITSs is also provided in order to provide a better appreciation of this vibrant field as well as reveal the scope of existing tutors. The paper concludes, perhaps more appropriately, with some of the author's viewpoints on a couple of controversial issues in the intelligent tutoring domain.

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  1. Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX, Liverpool, UK

    Hyacinth S. Nwana

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Nwana, H.S. Intelligent tutoring systems: an overview. Artif Intell Rev 4, 251–277 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00168958

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