Abstract
In this paper, a method based on footprint model and brush trajectory extraction is proposed to make robots write calligraphy. As the footprint model is important for robot calligraphy, especially for the width control of stroke. A footprint model is first proposed based on a binary linear regression algorithm. The relationship between controllable parameters of robot and the width of stroke is established in our model. Thus, the model is suitable for robotic writing. Then, a skeleton-based stroke generation method is proposed for simulating the actual writing process. The writing trajectory of stroke is extracted by the skeleton tracking algorithm, and the normal angle is computed to reconstruct the brush stroke with footprint model and brush trajectory. A writing optimization method based on calligraphic rules is proposed to make strokes conform to calligraphic characteristics. Finally, the Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) algorithm is used for robotic writing path planning so that actual writing could be performed. Our approach shows excellent performance in writing typical strokes and Chinese characters.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Guo, D., Min, H.: Survey of calligraphy robots. Control Decis. 37(7), 1665–1674 (2022). https://doi.org/10.13195/j.kzyjc.2021.0132
Hou, Z., Yang, G.: Research and prospect of virtual brush modeling. Appl. Res. Comput. 32(9), 2572–2577 (2015). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-3695.2015.09.003
Wong, H.T.F., Ip, H.H.S.: Virtual brush: a model-based synthesis of Chinese calligraphy. Comput. Graph. 24(1), 99–113 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0097-8493(99)00141-7
Huang, L., Hou, Z.: A novel virtual 3D brush model based on variable stiffness and haptic feedback. Math. Probl. Eng. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6942947
Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Zhou, C.: Simulating the writing process from Chinese calligraphy image. J. Comput. Aided Des. Comput. Graph. 26(6), 963–972 (2014). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1003-9775.2014.06.014
Qian, Z.: Calligraphy parametric dentification based on image processing. Ind. Control Comput. 29(9), 124–125 (2016). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-182X.2016.09.056
Joshi, A.: Efficient rendering of linear brush strokes. J. Comput. Graph. Tech. 7, 1–15 (2018). https://jcgt.org/published/0007/01/01/paper.pdf
Xu, P., Wang, L., et al.: Evaluating brush movements for Chinese calligraphy: a computer vision based approach. In: 27th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 1050–1056. AAAI Press (2018). https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/146
Wang, S., Chen, J., Deng, X., et al.: Robot calligraphy using Pseudospectral Optimal Control in conjunction with a novel dynamic brush model. In: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), pp. 6696–6703. IEEE (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS45743.2020.9341787
Lin, H.-I., Chen, X., Lin, T.-T.: Calligraphy brush trajectory control of by a robotic arm. Appl. Sci. 10(23), 8694 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238694
Gan, L., Fang, W., Chao, F., et al.: Towards a robotic Chinese calligraphy writing framework. In: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO), pp. 493–498. IEEE (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBIO.2018.8665143
Xin, S., Liang, D., et al.: A study of robotic calligraphy copying based on style transfer technology. Machinery 56(7), 42–47 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-4998.2018.07.013
Li, J., Min, H., Zhou, H., Xu, H.: Robot brush-writing system of Chinese calligraphy characters. In: Yu, H., Liu, J., Liu, L., Ju, Z., Liu, Y., Zhou, D. (eds.) ICIRA 2019. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 11745, pp. 86–96. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27529-7_8
Wu, R., Fang, W., Chao, F., et al.: Towards deep reinforcement learning based Chinese calligraphy robot. In: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO), pp. 507–512. IEEE (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBIO.2018.8664813
Acknowledgments
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No.: 62073249) and Major Project of Hubei Province Technology Innovation (grant No.: 2019AAA071).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Yan, G., Guo, D., Min, H. (2023). Robot Calligraphy Based on Footprint Model and Brush Trajectory Extraction. In: Sun, F., Cangelosi, A., Zhang, J., Yu, Y., Liu, H., Fang, B. (eds) Cognitive Systems and Information Processing. ICCSIP 2022. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1787. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0617-8_30
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0617-8_30
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-0616-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-0617-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)