Abstract
Convergence, accommodation and pupil diameter were measured simultaneously while subjects were watching 3D images. The subjects were middle-aged and had weak hyperopia. WAM-5500 and EMR-9 were combined to make an original apparatus for the measurements. It was confirmed that accommodation and pupil diameter changed synchronously with convergence. These findings suggest that with naked vision the pupil is constricted and the depth of field deepened, acting like a compensation system for weak accommodation power. This suggests that people in middle age can view 3D images more easily if positive (convex lens) correction is made.
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sheehy, J.B., Wilkinson, M.: Depth perception after prolonged usage of night vision goggles. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 60, 573–579 (1989)
Mon-Williams, M., Wann, J.P., Rushton, S.: Binocular vision in a virtual world: visual deficits following the wearing of a head-mounted display. Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt. 13(4), 387–391 (1993)
Howarth, P.A.: Oculomotor changes within virtual environments. Appl. Ergon. 30, 59–67 (1999)
Heron, G., Charman, W.N., Schor, C.M.: Age changes in the interactions between the accommodation and vergence systems. Optometry & Vision Science 78(10), 754–762 (2001)
Schor, C.: Fixation of disparity: a steady state error of disparity-induced vergence. American Journal of Optometry & Physiological Optics 57(9), 618–631 (1980)
Rosenfield, M., Ciuffreda, K.J., Gilmartin, B.: Factors influencing accommodative adaptation. Optometry & Vision Science 69(4), 270–275 (1992)
Iwasaki, T., Akiya, S., Inoue, T., Noro, K.: Surmised state of accommodation to stereoscopic three-dimensional images with binocular disparity. Ergonomics 39(11), 1268–1272 (1996)
Hoffman, D.M., Girshick, A.R., Akeley, K., Banks, M.S.: Vergence-accommodation conflicts hinder visual performance and cause visual fatigue. Journal of Vision 8(3), 33.1–30 (2008)
Miyao, M., Ishihara, S.Y., Saito, S., Kondo, T.A., Sakakibara, H., Toyoshima, H.: Visual accommodation and subject performance during a stereographic object task using liquid crystal shutters. Ergonomics 39(11), 1294–1309 (1996)
Weale, R.A.: Senile changes in visual acuity. Transactions of the Ophthalmological Societies of the United Kingdom 95(1), 36–38 (1975)
Omori, M., Watanabe, T., Takai, J., Takada, H., Miyao, M.: An attempt at preventing asthenopia among VDT workers. International J. Occupational Safety and Ergonomics 9(4), 453–462 (2003)
Sun, F., Stark, L.: Static and dynamic changes in accommodation with age. In: Presbyopia: Recent Research and Reviews from the 3rd International Symposium, pp. 258–263. Professional Press Books/Fairchild Publications, New York (1987)
Wann, J.P., Rushton, S., Mon-Williams, M.: Natural problems for stereoscopic depth perception in virtual environments. Vision Res. 35(19), 2731–2736 (1995)
Hong, H., Sheng, L.: Correct focus cues in stereoscopic displays improve 3D depth perception. SPIE, Newsroom (2010)
Kroemer, K.H.E., Grandjean, E.: Fitting the Task to the Human, 5th edn. Taylor & Francis, London (1997)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Omori, M. et al. (2011). Effect of Weak Hyperopia on Stereoscopic Vision. In: Shumaker, R. (eds) Virtual and Mixed Reality - New Trends. VMR 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6773. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22021-0_39
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22021-0_39
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-22020-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-22021-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)