Abstract
The paper presents a naturalness preserving transform (NPT) based collusion and compression resistant watermarking technique for video. An image that is statistically similar to a video frame is chosen as the watermark and this image is embedded independently in consecutive frames of the video. To enhance the resistance to inter frame collusion based attacks, a non-overlapping block matching is used to determine the region for placing the watermark in consecutive frames. Only a trace of the watermark image is embedded which enhances the robustness of the watermark to different attacks. When a frame and the image become substantially different, another image is chosen as the watermark. The size of the watermark determines the quality of the watermarked video frames. Watermark extraction is blind and requires only the region where the watermark was originally placed. The reconstruction process is iterative and bestows immunity the watermark against noise and lossy compression. Analysis indicates that the watermark is sufficiently immune to second order inter-frame statistical attacks and is quite robust to image level compression. Experimental results confirm these theoretical findings and demonstrate the resistance of the technique to temporal frame averaging, additive noise and JPEG based compression. However, the technique is limited by the fact that the original video sequence (frames) is required for reconstruction based recovery of the watermark from the watermarked video sequence.
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Bedi, S.S., Verma, S., Tomar, G.S. (2010). NPT Based Video Watermarking with Non-overlapping Block Matching. In: Gavrilova, M.L., Tan, C.J.K., Moreno, E.D. (eds) Transactions on Computational Science XI. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6480. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17697-5_14
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17697-5_14
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