Abstract
How we categorize certain objects depends on the processes they afford: something is a vehicle because it affords transportation, a house because it offers shelter or a watercourse because water can flow in it. The hypothesis explored here is that image schemas (such as LINK, CONTAINER, SUPPORT, and PATH) capture abstractions that are essential to model affordances and, by implication, categories. To test the idea, I develop an algebraic theory formalizing image schemas and accounting for the role of affordances in categorizing spatial entities.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bateman, J., Farrar, S.: General Ontology Baseline. Bremen, Germany, SFB/TR8 Spatial Cognition, University of Bremen (2004), Available from http://134.102.58.154/i1/materials/deliverables/del1.pdf
Bittner, T., Smith, B.: Individuals, Universals, Collections: On the Foundational Relations of Ontology. In: Varzi, A.C., Vieu, L. (eds.) Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS 2004), pp. 37–48. IOC Press (2004)
Degen, W., Heller, B., et al.: Contributions to the Ontological Foundation of Knowledge Modelling. Leipzig, Institute for Computer Science (2001), Available from http://lips.informatik.uni-leipzig.de:80/pub/2001-12/en
Donnelly, M., Bittner, T.: Spatial relations between classes of individuals. In: Cohn, A.G., Mark, D.M. (eds.) COSIT 2005. LNCS, vol. 3693, pp. 182–199. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Egenhofer, M.J., Rodríguez, A.M.: Relation algebras over containers and surfaces: An ontological study of a room space. Spatial Cognition and Computation 1(2), 155–180 (1999)
Ehrig, H., Mahr, B.: Fundamentals of Algebraic Specification. Springer, Berlin (1985)
Frank, A.: Ontology for spatio-temporal Databases. In: Sellis, T., Koubarakis, M., Frank, A., Grumbach, S., Güting, R.H., Jensen, C., Lorentzos, N.A., Manolopoulos, Y., Nardelli, E., Pernici, B., Theodoulidis, B., Tryfona, N., Schek, H.-J., Scholl, M.O. (eds.) Spatio-Temporal Databases. LNCS, vol. 2520, pp. 9–77. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Frank, A.U., Kuhn, W.: Specifying Open GIS with Functional Languages. In: Egenhofer, M.J., Herring, J.R. (eds.) SSD 1995. LNCS, vol. 951, pp. 184–195. Springer, Heidelberg (1995)
Frank, A.U., Kuhn, W.: A specification language for interoperable GIS. In: Goodchild, M.F., Egenhofer, M.J., Fegeas, R., Kottman, C.A. (eds.) Interoperating Geographic Information Systems (Proceedings of Interop 1997), pp. 123–132. Kluwer, Norwell, MA (1999)
Frank, A.U., Raubal, M.: Formal Specifications of Image Schemata - A Step to Interoperability in Geographic Information Systems. Spatial Cognition and Computation 1(1), 67–101 (1999)
Gangemi, A., Guarino, N., et al.: Sweetening WordNet with DOLCE. AI Magazine 24(3), 13–24 (2003)
Gangemi, A., Mika, P.: Understanding the semantic web through descriptions and situations. In: Proceedings of Coopis / DOA / ODBASE. LNCS, pp. 689–706. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Gibson, J.: The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Boston, Houghton Mifflin Company (1979)
Goguen, J.: Types as Theories. In: Reed, G.M., Roscoe, A.W., Wachter, R.F. (eds.) Topology and Category Theory in Computer Science, pp. 357–390. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1991)
Goguen, J.A.: Data, Schema, Ontology and Logic Integration. Logic Journal of IGPL 13(6), 685 (2005)
Gruninger, M., Kopena, J.: Planning and the Process Specification Language. In: Olivares, J., Onaindía, E. (eds.) Proceedings of the Workshop on the Role of Ontologies in Planning and Scheduling, ICAPS, pp. 22–29 (2005)
Guarino, N.: Formal ontology and information systems. In: Proceedings of Formal Ontology and Information Systems, Trento, Italy, pp. 3–15. IOS Press, Amsterdam (1998)
Guarino, N., Welty, C.: Evaluating ontological decisions with OntoClean. Communications of the ACM 45(2), 61–65 (2002)
Hart, G., Temple, S., et al.: Tales of the River Bank, First Thoughts in the Development of a Topographic Ontology. In: 7th Conference on Geographic Information Science (AGILE 2004), Heraklion, Greece, pp. 169–178 (2004)
Hood, J., Galton, A.: Implementing Anchoring. In: Raubal, M., Miller, H.J., Frank, A.U., Goodchild, M.F. (eds.) GIScience 2006. LNCS, vol. 4197, pp. 168–185. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Johnson, M.: The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago (1987)
Kuhn, W.: Ontologies in support of activities in geographical space. International Journal of Geographical Information Science 15(7), 613–631 (2001)
Kuhn, W.: Modeling the Semantics of Geographic Categories through Conceptual Integration. In: Egenhofer, M.J., Mark, D.M. (eds.) GIScience 2002. LNCS, vol. 2478, pp. 108–118. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Kuhn, W.: Semantic Reference Systems. International Journal of Geographic Information Science (Guest Editorial) 17(5), 405–409 (2003)
Kuhn, W., Raubal, M.: Implementing Semantic Reference Systems. In: Gould, M., Laurini, R., Coulondre, S. (eds.) AGILE 2003 - 6th AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science. Presses Polytechniques et Universitaires Romandes, Lyon, France, pp. 63–72 (2003)
Kuhn, W., Raubal, M., et al.: Cognitive Semantics and Spatio-Temporal Ontologies. Introduction to a special issue of Spatial Cognition and Computation 7(1) (2007)
Lakoff, G.: The Invariance Hypothesis: is abstract reason based on image-schemas? Cognitive Linguistics 1(1), 39–74 (1990)
Lakoff, G., Johnson, M.: Metaphors We Live By. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL (1980)
Lakoff, G.P.: Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things. What Categories Reveal about the Mind. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL (1987)
Lüttich, K.: Approximation of Ontologies in CASL. In: International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS 2006), Baltimore, Maryland, November 9–11, pp. 335–346. IOS Press, Amsterdam (2006)
Masolo, C., Borgo, S., et al.: WonderWeb Deliverable D18 (2004), Available from http://wonderweb.semanticweb.org/deliverables/documents/D18.pdf
Oakley, T.: Image Schema. In: Geeraerts, D., Cuyckens, H. (eds.) Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics, Oxford University Press, Oxford (2007)
Pustejovsky, J.: The Generative Lexicon. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (1998)
Raubal, M., Egenhofer, M., et al.: Structuring Space with Image Schemata: Wayfinding in Airports as a Case Study. In: Frank, A.U. (ed.) COSIT 1997. LNCS, vol. 1329, pp. 85–102. Springer, Heidelberg (1997)
Raubal, M., Gartrell, B., et al.: An Affordance-Based Model of Place. In: Poiker, T., Chrisman, N., eds. 8th International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling, SDH 1998, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 98–109 (1998)
Raubal, M., Kuhn, W.: Ontology-Based Task Simulation. Spatial Cognition and Computation 4(1), 15–37 (2004)
Raubal, M., Worboys, M.: A Formal Model of the Process of Wayfinding in Built Environments. In: Freksa, C., Mark, D.M. (eds.) COSIT 1999. LNCS, vol. 1661, pp. 381–399. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)
Rugg, R., Egenhofer, M., et al.: Formalizing Behavior of Geographic Feature Types. Geographical Systems 4(2), 159–180 (1997)
Smith, B., Varzi, A.C.: The Niche. Noûs 33(2), 214–223 (1999)
Sowa, J.F.: Knowledge Representation. Logical, Philosophical, and Computational Foundations. Brooks Cole, Pacific Grove, CA (2000)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kuhn, W. (2007). An Image-Schematic Account of Spatial Categories. In: Winter, S., Duckham, M., Kulik, L., Kuipers, B. (eds) Spatial Information Theory. COSIT 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4736. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74788-8_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74788-8_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-74786-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-74788-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)