A Review of Cryptographically Secure PRNGs in Constrained Devices for the IoT

1. Che, W., Deng, H., Tan, X., Wang, J.: A random number generator for application in RFID tags. In: Networked RFID Systems and Lightweight Cryptography: Raising Barriers to Product Counterfeiting, pp. 279–287. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

   Google Scholar 

2. Conti, M.: Secure wireless sensor networks. In: Threats and solutions, Advances in Information Security, vol. 65. Springer, New York (2015)

   Google Scholar 

3. EPCglobal: EPC radio-frequency identity protocols generation-2 UHF RFID, specification for RFID air interface, protocol for communications at 860 mhz-960 mhz. Version 2.0.0 Ratified (2013)

   Google Scholar 

4. Francillon, A., Castelluccia, C.: TinyRNG: a cryptographic random number generator for wireless sensors network nodes. In: IEEE 2007 5th International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc and Wireless Networks (WiOpt), pp. 1–7 (2007)

   Google Scholar 

5. Gaglio, V., De Paola, A., Ortolani, M., Lo Re, G.: A TRNG exploiting multi-source physical data. In: Proceedings of the 6th ACM Workshop on QoS and Security for Wireless and Mobile Networks, Q2SWinet 2010, pp. 82–89. ACM (2010)

   Google Scholar 

6. Lo Re, G., Milazzo, F., Ortolani, M.: Secure random number generation in wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Security of Information and Networks (SIN 2011), pp. 175–182. ACM (2011)

   Google Scholar 

7. Mabin, J., Gautham, S., Balasubramanian, R.: Distinguishing attacks on (Ultra)Lightweight WG ciphers, pp. 45–59. Springer International Publishing (2017)

   Google Scholar 

8. Mandal, K., Fan, X., Gong, G.: Warbler: a lightweight pseudorandom number generator for EPC C1 Gen2 passive RFID tags. Int. J. RFID Secur. Crypt. (IJRFIDSC) 2(1–4), 82–91 (2013)

   Article  Google Scholar 

9. Mandal, K., Fan, X., Gong, G.: Design and implementation of Warbler family of lightweight pseudorandom number generators for smart devices. ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst. 15, 1–28 (2016)

   Article  Google Scholar 

10. Martín, H., Peris-Lopez, P., Tapiador, J.E., San Millán, E.: An estimator for the ASIC footprint area of lightweight cryptographic algorithms. IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf. 10(2), 1216–1225 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

11. Melia-Segui, J., Garcia-Alfaro, J., Herrera-Joancomarti, J.: Analysis and improvement of a pseudorandom number generator for EPC Gen2 tags, pp. 34–46. Springer, Heidelberg, Berlin (2010)

    Google Scholar 

12. Melià-Seguí, J., Garcia-Alfaro, J., Herrera-Joancomartí, J.: Multiple-polynomial lfsr based pseudorandom number generator for EPC Gen2 RFID tags. In: IECON 2011–37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, pp. 3820–3825 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

13. Melià-Seguí, J., Garcia-Alfaro, J., Herrera-Joancomartí, J.: J3Gen: a PRNG for low-cost passive RFID. Sensors 13, 3816–3830 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

14. Nawaz, Y., Gong, G.: WG: a family of stream ciphers with designed randomness properties. Inf. Sci. 178(7), 1903–1916 (2008)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

15. Orúe, A., Montoya, F., Hernández-Encinas, L.: Trifork, a new pseudorandom number generator based on lagged fibonacci maps. J. Comput. Sci. Eng. 2(2), 46–51 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

16. Özcanhan, M., Dalkiliç, G., Gürle, M.: An ultra-light PRNG for RFID tags. In: Gelenbe E., Lent, R. (eds.) Computer and Information Sciences III, pp. 231–238. Springer (2013)

    Google Scholar 

17. Peinado, A., Munilla, J., Fúster-Sabater, A.: EPCGen2 pseudorandom number generators: analysis of J3Gen. Sensors 14(4), 6500–6515 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

18. Peris-Lopez, P., Hernandez-Castro, J., Estevez-Tapiador, J., Ribagorda, A.: LAMED - a PRNG for EPC Class-1 Generation-2 RFID specification. Comput. Stan. Interfaces 31(1), 88–97 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

19. Peris-Lopez, P., Hernandez-Castro, J.C., Tapiador, J.M.E., Millán, E.S., Lubbe, J.C.A.: Security flaws in an efficient pseudo-random number generator for low-power environments. In: Gu, Q., Zang, W., Yu, M. (eds.) SEWCN 2009. LNICSSITE, vol. 42, pp. 25–35. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-11526-4_3

20. Peris-Lopez, P., San Millán, E., van der Lubbe, J., Entrena, L.: Cryptographically secure pseudo-random bit generator for RFID tags. In: International Conference for Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST), pp. 1–6, (Best paper award) (2010)

    Google Scholar 

21. Safkhani, M., Bagheri, N.: For an EPC-C1 G2 RFID compliant protocol, CRC with concatenation: No; PRNG with concatenation: Yes. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2013/490 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

22. Seetharam, D., Rhee, S.: An efficient pseudo random number generator for low-power sensor networks. In: 29th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks, pp. 560–562 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

23. Sohrabi-Bonab, Z., Alagheband, M., Aref, M.: Formal cryptanalysis of a CRC-based RFID authentication protocol. In: 2014 22nd Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), pp. 1642–1647 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

24. Walker, J.: ENT a pseudorandom number sequence test program (2008). https://www.fourmilab.ch/random/

25. Yang, G., Aagaard, M., Gong, G.: Efficient hardware implementations of the Warbler pseudorandom number generator. IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive 2015, 789 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

Download references