Abstract
Poetry generation is a challenging field in the area of natural language processing. A poem is a text structured according to predefined formal rules and whose parts are semantically related. In this work we present a novel automated system to generate poetry in Basque language conditioned by non-local constraints. From a given corpus two Markov chains representing forward and backward 2-grams are built. From these Markov chains and a semantic model, a system able to generate poems conforming a given metric and following semantic cues has been designed. The user is prompted to input a theme for the poem and also a seed word to start the generating process. The system produces several poems in less than a minute, enough for using it in live events.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amuriza, X.: Hiztegi Errimatua. Lanku (1981)
Astigarraga, A., Jauregi, E., Lazkano, E., Agirrezabal, M.: Textual coherence in a verse-maker robot. In: Hippe, Z.S., Kulikowski, J.L., Mroczek, T., Wtorek, J. (eds.) Human-Computer Systems Interaction: Backgrounds and Applications 3. AISC, vol. 300, pp. 275–287. Springer, Cham (2014). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08491-6_23
Astigarraga, A., Agirrezabal, M., Lazkano, E., Jauregi, E., Sierra, B.: Bertsobot: the first minstrel robot. In: 2013 The 6th International Conference on Human System Interaction (HSI), pp. 129–136. IEEE (2013)
Barbieri, G., Pachet, F., Roy, P., Esposti, M.D.: Markov constraints for generating lyrics with style. In: Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 115–120. IOS Press (2012)
Cardoso, A., Veale, T., Wiggins, G.A.: Converging on the divergent: the history (and future) of the international joint workshops in computational creativity. AI Mag. 30(3), 15 (2009)
Das, A., Gambäck, B.: Poetic machine: computational creativity for automatic poetry generation in bengali. In: 5th International Conference on Computational Creativity, ICCC (2014)
Deerwester, S., Dumais, S.T., Furnas, G.W., Landauer, T.K., Harshman, R.: Indexing by latent semantic analysis. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. 41(6), 391 (1990)
Egaña, A.: The process of creating improvised bertsos. Oral Tradit. 22(2), 117–142 (2007)
Garzia, J., Sarasua, J., Egaña, A.: The art of bertsolaritza: improvised Basque verse singing. Bertsolari liburuak (2001)
Gervás, P.: Computational modelling of poetry generation. In: Artificial Intelligence and Poetry Symposium, AISB Convention 2013. The Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and the Simulation of Behaviour, University of Exeter, United Kingdom (2013)
Gervás, P.: Deconstructing computer poets: making selected processes available as services. Comput. Intell. 33(1), 3–31 (2015)
Gervás, P.: Constrained creation of poetic forms during theme-driven exploration of a domain defined by an N-gram model. Connection Sci. 28(2), 111–130 (2016)
Jauregi, O.: Euskal testuetako silaba egituren maiztasuna diakronikoki. Anuario del Seminario de Filología Vasca “Julio de Urquijo” 37(1), 393–410 (2013)
Jurafsky, D., James, H.: Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech Recognition. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (2000)
Lamb, C., Brown, D.G., Clarke, C.L.: A taxonomy of generative poetry techniques. In: Bridges Finland Conference Proceedings, pp. 195–202 (2016)
Langkilde, I., Knight, K.: Generation that exploits corpus-based statistical knowledge. In: Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, vol. 1, pp. 704–710. Association for Computational Linguistics (1998)
Lord, A.B., Mitchell, S.A., Nagy, G.: The Singer of Tales, vol. 24. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (2000)
Manning, C.D., Schütze, H., et al.: Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing, vol. 999. MIT Press, Cambridge (1999)
Gonçalo Oliveira, H., Cardoso, A.: Poetry generation with PoeTryMe. In: Besold, T.R., Schorlemmer, M., Smaill, A. (eds.) Computational Creativity Research: Towards Creative Machines. ATM, vol. 7, pp. 243–266. Atlantis Press, Paris (2015). doi:10.2991/978-94-6239-085-0_12
Oulipo, A.: Atlas de litterature potentielle. Gallimard, Collection Idees (1981)
Queneau, R.: 100.000.000.000.000 de poemes. Gallimard Series, Schoenhofs Foreign Books (1961)
Toivanen, J., Toivonen, H., Valitutti, A., Gross, O., et al.: Corpus-based generation of content and form in poetry. In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computational Creativity, Dublin, Ireland, pp. 175–179 (2012)
Toivanen, J.M., Järvisalo, M., Toivonen, H., et al.: Harnessing constraint programming for poetry composition. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Computational Creativity, Sydney, Australia, pp. 160–167 (2013)
Zelaia, A., Arregi, O., Sierra, B.: Combining singular value decomposition and a multi-classifier: A new approach to support coreference resolution. Eng. Appl. AI 46, 279–286 (2015)
Acknowledgments
This paper has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, contract TIN2015-64395-R (MINECO/FEDER, UE), as well as by the Basque Government, contract IT900-16. The authors gratefully acknowledge Bertsozale Elkartea (Association of the Friends of Bertsolaritza), whose verse corpora has been used to test and develop the proposed method.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Astigarraga, A., Martínez-Otzeta, J.M., Rodriguez, I., Sierra, B., Lazkano, E. (2017). Markov Text Generator for Basque Poetry. In: Ekštein, K., Matoušek, V. (eds) Text, Speech, and Dialogue. TSD 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10415. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64206-2_26
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64206-2_26
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-64205-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-64206-2
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)