Abstract
This project addresses the need for interactive, real-time water animation techniques that can reproduce convincing effects such as splashes and breaking waves while being computationally inexpensive. Our method couples smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and a wave equation solver in a one-way manner to animate the behavior of water in real-time, leveraging compute shaders for interactive performance. In this paper, we present a review of related literature on real-time simulation and animation of fluids, describe our hybrid algorithm, and present a comparison of images and computational costs between SPH, wave equation solution, and our coupled approach. Our approach is faster than a pure SPH solution, but requires fewer particles to achieve a similar appearance. In this work, however, we do not address the problem of water rendering.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Seymour, M.: The science of fluid sims. fxguide (2011). https://www.fxguide.com/fxfeatured/the-science-of-fluid-sims/
Gingold, R.A., Monaghan, J.J.: Smoothed particle hydrodynamics: theory and application to non-spherical stars. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 181(3), 375–389 (1977)
Gilroy, J.: Why the Water in ‘Sea of Thieves’ Is So Mesmerizing. Fandom (2018). https://www.fandom.com/articles/sea-of-thieves-water
Koschier, D., Bender, J., Solenthaler, B., Teschner, M: A survey on SPH methods in computer graphics. In: Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 737–760 (2022)
Lee, H., Han, S.: Solving the shallow water equations using 2D SPH particles for interactive applications. Vis. Comput. 26(6), 865–872 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-010-0439-9
Wang, C., Wang, C., Qin, H., Zhang, T.Y.: Video-based fluid reconstruction and its coupling with SPH simulation. Vis. Comput. 33(9), 1211–1224 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-016-1284-2
Jeschke, S., Wojtan, C.: Water wave animation via wavefront parameter interpolation. ACM Trans. Graph. 34(3), 1–14 (2015)
Gouin, M., Ducrozet, G., Ferrant, P.: Development and validation of a non-linear spectral model for water waves over variable depth. Eur. J. Mech.-B/Fluids 57, 115–128 (2016)
Schreck, C., Hafner, C., Wojtan, C.: Fundamental solutions for water wave animation. ACM Trans. Graph. 38(4), 1–14 (2019)
Jeschke, S., Skřivan, T., Müller-Fischer, M., Chentanez, N., Macklin, M., Wojtan, C.: Water surface wavelets. ACM Trans. Graph. 37(4), 1–13 (2018)
Huang, L., Qu, Z., Tan, X., Zhang, X., Michels, D.L., Jiang, C.: Ships, splashes, and waves on a vast ocean. ACM Trans. Graph. 40(6), 1–15 (2021)
Chentanez, N., Müller, M.: Real-time simulation of large bodies of water with small scale details. In: Symposium on Computer Animation, pp. 197–206 (2010)
Xiao, X., Zhang, S., Yang, X.: Real-time high-quality surface rendering for large scale particle-based fluids. In: Proceedings of the 21st ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games, pp. 1–8 (2017)
Becker, M., Teschner, M.: Weakly compressible SPH for free surface flows. In: Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation, pp. 209–217 (2007)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ramakrishnan, V., McGraw, T. (2023). Water Animation Using Coupled SPH and Wave Equation. In: Bebis, G., et al. Advances in Visual Computing. ISVC 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14361. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47969-4_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47969-4_24
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-47968-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-47969-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)