Abstract
People with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) struggle with social interactions and the recognition of emotions. Currently, questionnaires with pen and paper are used to diagnose people with bvFTD. In these questionnaires, people are asked to identify faux pas scenarios based on a short text. However, these questionnaires cannot convey enough emotion or realism for the test to be effective in recognizing early stages of bvFTD. We created Tommy’s Quest, a serious game to support bvFTD detection. Based on the Theory of Mind, the game gently leads players to consider what the in-game characters are thinking, as this is often challenging for people with bvFTD. Tommy’s Quest gives players an immersive feeling while answering the same type of questions as in the questionnaires currently used. However, the questions in the game are incorporated into a story which makes them less obvious. Moreover, the scenarios feel more real because they feature characters with emotions. The game generates a report based on the answers and choices of the player, to help researchers in their bvFTD diagnosis. An upcoming clinical study will be instrumental in assessing the potential of Tommy’s Quest to help clinicians improve the diagnosis of bvFTD.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bard, N.: The Hanabi challenge: a new frontier for AI research. Artif. Intell. 280, 103216 (2020)
Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A.M., Frith, U.: Does the autistic child have a “theory of mind’’? Cognition 21(1), 37–46 (1985)
Byom, L.J., Mutlu, B.: Theory of mind: mechanisms, methods, and new directions. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 7, 413 (2013)
Canaan, R., Gao, X., Chung, Y., Togelius, J., Nealen, A., Menzel, S.: Evaluating RL agents in Hanabi with unseen partners. In: AAAI 2020 Reinforcement Learning in Games Workshop (2020)
Coughlan, G., Coutrot, A., Khondoker, M., Minihane, A.M., Spiers, H., Hornberger, M.: Toward personalized cognitive diagnostics of at-genetic-risk Alzheimer’s disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 116(19), 9285–9292 (2019)
Delbeuck, X., Pollet, M., Pasquier, F., Bombois, S., Moroni, C.: The clinical value of the faux pas test for diagnosing behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol. 35(1), 62–65 (2022)
Fuchs, A., Walton, M., Chadwick, T., Lange, D.: Theory of mind for deep reinforcement learning in Hanabi. In: 33rd Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2019) (2019). https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.09328
Giovagnoli, A.R., Bell, B., Erbetta, A., Paterlini, C., Bugiani, O.: Analyzing theory of mind impairment in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Neurol. Sci. 40(9), 1893–1900 (2019)
Happé, F.G.: An advanced test of theory of mind: understanding of story characters’ thoughts and feelings by able autistic, mentally handicapped, and normal children and adults. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 24(2), 129–154 (1994)
Johnen, A., Bertoux, M.: Psychological and cognitive markers of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia-a clinical neuropsychologist’s view on diagnostic criteria and beyond. Front. Neurol. 10, 594 (2019)
McDonald, S., Bornhofen, C., Shum, D., Long, E., Saunders, C., Neulinger, K.: Reliability and validity of the awareness of social inference test (tasit): a clinical test of social perception. Disabil. Rehabil. 28(24), 1529–1542 (2006)
Premack, D., Woodruff, G.: Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? Behav. Brain Sci. 1(4), 515–526 (1978)
Shany-Ur, T., et al.: Comprehension of insincere communication in neurodegenerative disease: lies, sarcasm, and theory of mind. Cortex 48(10), 1329–1341 (2012)
Sprong, M., Schothorst, P., Vos, E., Hox, J., Van Engeland, H.: Theory of mind in schizophrenia: meta-analysis. Br. J. Psychiatry 191(1), 5–13 (2007)
Wang, Y.G., Wang, Y.Q., Chen, S.I., Zhu, C.Y., Wang, K.: Theory of mind disability in major depression with or without psychotic symptoms: a componential view. Psychiatry Res. 161(2), 153–161 (2008)
Wimmer, H., Perner, J.: Beliefs about beliefs: representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children’s understanding of deception. Cognition 13(1), 103–128 (1983)
Acknowledgments
We thank Jackie Poos of the Erasmus University Medical Center for her support and guidance throughout this project.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Bekooy, M., Berendsen, D.D., Dierikx, M., Piepenbrink, R., van Rhenen, JW., Bidarra, R. (2023). A Theory-of-mind Game for the Early Detection of Frontotemporal Dementia. In: Holloway-Attaway, L., Murray, J.T. (eds) Interactive Storytelling. ICIDS 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14384. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47658-7_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47658-7_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-47657-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-47658-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)