[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/
Skip to main content

Business Driven Microservice Design

An Enterprise Ontology Based Approach to API Specifications

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Advances in Enterprise Engineering XV (EEWC 2021)

Abstract

As technology is evolving rapidly and market demand is changing quicker than ever, many are trying to implement service orientation and adopt market standards to improve adaptivity. A microservice architecture makes applications easier to scale and faster to develop, enabling innovation and accelerating time-to-market for new features. The question then arises how to design a manageable and stable set of microservices that is sufficient for the business. In this paper we systematically deduce an algorithm to derive a set of microservices, expressed according to the OpenAPI standard, from the ontological model of an enterprise, that is stable by nature, sufficient for the business, and based on units of clear size. This algorithm has the DEMO operating cycle at its heart and has been evaluated with the real-life Social Housing case at ICTU by creating a SwaggerHub implementation. Further research should clarify the role of implementation choices in the algorithm.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
£29.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
GBP 19.95
Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
GBP 43.99
Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
GBP 54.99
Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    While typical HTTP operation types or methods include GET, PUT, POST, DELETE, PATCH, OPTIONS, HEAD, TRACE and CONNECT [12, 28], we only consider the first five methods relevant for the information level, while the others are more on an infrastructural level.

References

  1. Bichler, M.: Design science in information systems research. WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK 48(2), 133–135 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11576-006-0028-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Bush, T.: What is the difference between APIs and microservices? January 2019. https://nordicapis.com/what-is-the-difference-between-apis-and-microservices/. Accessed 18 Nov 2021

  3. Desai, V., Koladia, Y., Pansambal, S.: Microservices: architecture and technologies. Int. J. Res. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol. (IJRASET) 8(X) (2020). https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2020.31979

  4. Dietz, J.L.G.: Enterprise Ontology – Theory and methodology. Springer, Berlin (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-33149-2_2

  5. Dietz, J.L.G.: The DEMO Specification Language v4.5. Technical Report, Enterprise Engineering institute, July 2020. https://demo.nl/mdocs-posts/2020-07-31-demo-specification-language-4-5/

  6. Dietz, J.L.G., Hoogervorst, J.A.P.: Enterprise ontology and enterprise architecture - how to let them evolve into effective complementary notions. GEAO J. Enter. Archit. 2007, 1 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Dietz, J.L.G., Mulder, J.B.F.: Enterprise Ontology – A Human-Centric Approach to Understanding the Essence of Organisation. The Enterprise Engineering Series, Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38854-6

  8. Dijkstra, Edsger W: On the role of scientific thought. In: Selected writings on Computing: A Personal Perspective. Texts and Monographs in Computer Science. Springer, New York, pp. 60–66 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5695-3_12

  9. Dragoni, N., et al.: Microservices: yesterday, today, and tomorrow. CoRR, June 2016. http://arxiv.org/abs/1606.04036

  10. Farinelli, D., McAllister, D.: API vs. Microservices: a microservice is more than just an API, October 2019. https://dzone.com/articles/api-vs-microservices-a-microservice-is-more-than-j. Accessed 11 Nov 2021

  11. Farley, D.: The problem with microservices, October 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzMLg3Ys5vI. Accessed 18 Nov 2021

  12. Fielding, R., et al.: RFC 2616, Hypertext Transfer Protocol - HTTP/1.1, June 1999. http://www.rfc.net/rfc2616.html. Accessed 04 Jan 2022

  13. Folwer, M., Lewis, J.: Microservices: Nur ein weiteres Konzeptin der Softwarearchitektur oder mehr? Online Themenspecial Innovation in und durch Architekturen 2015 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Fowler, M.: Microservices, March 2014. http://martinfowler.com/articles/microservices.html. Accessed 05 Nov 2021

  15. Hardjosumarto, G.: An Enterprise Ontology basedApproach to Service Specification. Master’s thesis, Delft University of Technology (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Henning, M.: API design matters. Commun. ACM 52(5), 46–56 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1145/1506409.1506424

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  17. Hevner, A.R.: A three cycle view of design science research. Scandinavian J. Inf. Syst. 19(2), 87–92 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  18. de Jong, J.: A Method for Enterprise Ontology based Design of for Enterprise Information Systems. Ph.D. thesis, TU Delft (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Juviler, J.: Microservices vs. APIs: what’s the difference? November 2020. https://blog.hubspot.com/website/microservices-vs-api. Accessed 18 Nov 2021

  20. Krouwel, M.R., Op ’t Land, M., Offerman, T.: Formalizing organization implementation. In: Advances in Enterprise Engineering X, pp. 3–18. EEWC 2016, Funchal, Madeira Island, Portugal (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39567-8_1

  21. Kwan, A., Jacobsen, H.A., Chan, A., Samoojh, S.: Microservices in the modern software world. In: Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering, pp. 297–299. CASCON 2016, IBM Corp., USA (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Linux Foundation: OpenAPI Specification v3.1.0, February 2021. https://spec.openapis.org/oas/v3.1.0. Accessed 21 Nov 2021

  23. Loukides, M., Swoyer, S.: Microservices Adoption in 2020. Technical Report, O’Reilly, July 2020. https://www.oreilly.com/radar/microservices-adoption-in-2020/. Accessed 06 Jan 2022

  24. Mannaert, H., Verelst, J.: Normalized systems: re-creating information technology based on laws for software evolvability. Koppa, Kermt, Belgium (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  25. March, S.T., Smith, G.F.: Design and natural science research on information technology. Decis. Support Syst. 15(4), 251–266 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-9236(94)00041-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Op ’t Land, M.: Applying Architecture and Ontology to the Splitting and Allying of Enterprises. Ph.D. thesis, Delft University of Technology, June 2008. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0edd0472-39df-4296-b692-e9916e79fb1e

  27. Op ’t Land, M., Krouwel, M.R., Gort, S.: Testing the concept of the RUN-Time Adaptive enterprise. In: Aveiro, D., Guizzardi, G., Pergl, R., Proper, H.A. (eds.) EEWC 2020. LNBIP, vol. 411, pp. 228–242. Springer, Cham (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74196-9_13

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  28. Sandoval, K.: Ultimate Guide To 9 Common HTTP Methods, January 2020. https://nordicapis.com/ultimate-guide-to-all-9-standard-http-methods/. Accessed 04 Jan 2022

    Google Scholar 

  29. Simon, H.A.: The Sciences of the Artificial, 3rd edn. MIT Press, Cambridge (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Steghuis, C.: Service granularity in SOA-projects : a trade-off analysis. Master’s thesis, University of Twente, June 2006. http://essay.utwente.nl/57339/

  31. Terlouw, L.I., Albani, A.: An enterprise ontology-based approach to service specification. IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput. 6(1), 89–101 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/TSC.2011.38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. The Open Group (TOG): Microservices Architecture (2016). http://www.opengroup.org/soa/source-book/msawp/. Accessed 21 Nov 2021

  33. Wiersma, R., Ravesteyn, P.: A method for defining optimum service granularity. In: 21\(^{st}\) Annual International Information Management Association (IIMA), Utrecht, The Netherlands (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Wikipedia: Microservices. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microservices. Accessed 11 Nov 2021

  35. Zimmermann, O.: Microservices tenets. Comput. Sc. Res. Dev. 32(3), 301–310 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00450-016-0337-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Zimmermann, O.: domain specific service decomposition with microservice API patterns, February 2019. https://www.conf-micro.services/2019/slides//keynotes/Zimmerman.pdf. Accessed 11 Nov 2021

Download references

Acknowledgments

For this inspiring collaboration of industry with academia, we want to thank ICTU, and especially its Senior Advisor Steven Gort, for their sponsorship in evaluating the algorithm.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marien R. Krouwel .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Krouwel, M.R., Op ’t Land, M. (2022). Business Driven Microservice Design. In: Aveiro, D., Proper, H.A., Guerreiro, S., de Vries, M. (eds) Advances in Enterprise Engineering XV. EEWC 2021. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol 441. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11520-2_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11520-2_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-11519-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-11520-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics