Abstract
Almost every aspect of life is becoming connected. The types of the connectedness of the cyber-physical-social systems are outlined. They span from Internet of Things to Internet of senses (including Internet of eyes and ears) and Internet of brains. Some sources of failures in Cyber-Physical-Social systems as well as the fact that with increased connectedness, the systems become more vulnerable are outlined. Some possibilities to get prepared for unexpected conditions are discussed. They include experience and experimentation aspects of simulation, systems engineering, simulation-based systems engineering, as well as artificial intelligence. The possible dangers of AI are pointed out. Often solutions to technical problems are sought in technical realms. In the article, impact of human involvement is elaborated as sources of additional and severe problems.
Efficiency is doing things right; effectiveness is doing the right thing.
Peter Drucker (1909–2005)
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Ören, T. (2022). Security of Cyber-Physical-Social Systems: Impact of Simulation-Based Systems Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Human Involvement, and Ethics. In: Nicopolitidis, P., Misra, S., Yang, L.T., Zeigler, B., Ning, Z. (eds) Advances in Computing, Informatics, Networking and Cybersecurity. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 289. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87049-2_26
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