Abstract
Autistic individuals possess many unique skills that are beneficial to the workforce, especially the technology industry. However, research shows the unemployment rate is still considerably high among the autistic population compared to their neurotypical peers. It has been suggested that some autistic individuals may excel in software engineering roles. This paper presents a Multivocal Literature Review (MLR) to highlight the cognitive style and talents of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). An analysis is carried out to fully understand the challenges faced by autistic individuals transitioning into the workplace while also highlighting the challenges faced in their day to day working life. These challenges include workplace environments as well as workplace ceremonies, including, for example, daily stand-up meetings. Many neurotypical software engineers, software engineering firms and academics can benefit from this information as they work towards a more inclusive and more effective software engineering community.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Autism Society. Autism Society: What is Autism?. https://www.autism-society.org/what-is/. Accessed 2 Mar 2021
CDC. Data and Statistics on Autism Spectrum Disorder | CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020). https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/data.html. Accessed 1 Mar 2021
Autism.org.uk. New shocking data highlights the autism employment gap. 2021. https://www.autism.org.uk/what-we-do/news/new-data-on-the-autism-employment-gap. Accessed 2 Mar 2021
NPR.org. Young Adults with Autism More Likely to be Unemployed, Isolated. https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/04/21/401243060/young-adults-with-autism-more-likely-to-be-unemployed-isolated. Accessed 2 Mar 2021
Drexel. Life Course Outcomes Research Program (2021). https://drexel.edu/~/media/Files/autismoutcomes/publications/LCO%20Fact%20Sheet%20Employment.ashx. Accessed 28 Feb 2021
Incluzy. The Benefits of Employing Individuals with Autism. https://incluzy.com/benefits-employing-individuals-autism/. Accessed 2 Mar 2021
Shein, E.: Hiring from the autism spectrum. Commun. ACM 63(6), 17–19 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1145/3392509. Accessed 6 Apr 2021
Specialisterne. https://specialisterne.com/. Accessed 2 Mar 2021
Austin, R.D., Sonne, T.: The dandelion principle: redesigning work for the innovation economy - the dandelion principle: redesigning work for the innovation economy (2014). https://learning-oreilly-com.dcu.idm.oclc.org/library/view/the-dandelion-principle/53863MIT55407/chapter001.html.
Garousi, V., Felderer, M., Mäntylä, M.V.: Guidelines for including grey literature and conducting multivocal literature reviews in software engineering. J. Inf. Softw. Technol. 106, 101–121 (2019)
Fradd, A., Joy, I.: A Life Less Ordinary: People with Autism, a Guide for Doners and Funders. New Philanthropy Capital (2007)
Healthline. High-Functioning Autism: Understanding Different Autism Levels (2018). https://www.healthline.com/health/high-functioning-autism. Accessed 1 Mar 2021
Cooper, R.: Diagnosing the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th edn. Taylor & Francis Group, London (2014). http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/dcu/detail.action?docID=1684462
Grinker, R.R.: Autism, ‘Stigma’, Disability. The Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research (2020)
Annabi, H., Sundaresan, K., Zolyomi, A.: It’s not just about attention to details: redefining the talents autistic software developers bring to software development, p. 10 (2017)
Baron-Cohen, S., Ashwin, E., Ashwin, C., Tavassoli, T., Chakrabarti, B.: Talent in autism: hyper-systemizing, hyper-attention to detail and sensory hypersensitivity. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London Ser. B Biol. Sci. 364, 1377–1383 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0337
Morris, M.R., Begel, A., Wiedermann, B.: Understanding the challenges faced by neurodiverse software engineering employees: towards a more inclusive and productive technical workforce. In: Proceedings of the 17th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility - ASSETS 2015. ACM Press, Lisbon (2015). https://doi.org/10.1145/2700648.2809841
Acuña, S.T., Juristo, N., Moreno, A.M.: Emphasizing human capabilities in software development (2006)
Holmes, T.K., Annabi, H.: The dark side of software development: job stress amongst autistic software developers, p. 10 (2020)
Mello, A.L., Rentsch, J.R.: Cognitive diversity in teams: a multidisciplinary review. Small Group Res. 46(6), 623–658 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496415602558
Mankoff, J., Hayes, G., Kasnitz, D.: Disability studies as a source of critical inquiry for the field of assistive technology (2010). https://doi.org/10.1145/1878803.1878807
Britto, T., Pizzolato, E.: Towards web accessibility guidelines of interaction and interface design for people with autism spectrum disorder (2016)
Tornblad, M.K., Jones, K.S., Inan, F.A.: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder: a review of human factors considerations and usability testing guidelines. Proc. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. Ann. Meet. 63(1), 1575–1579 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631423
Zhang, P., Carey, J., Te’eni, D.: Integrating human-computer interaction development into the systems development life cycle: a methodology. Commun. AIS 15, 512–543 (2005). https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.01529
Mejía-Figueroa, A., De Los Angeles Quezada Cisnero, M., Juárez-Ramírez, J.R.: Developing usable software applications for users with autism: user analysis, user interface design patterns and interface components. In: 2016 4th International Conference in Software Engineering Research and Innovation (CONISOFT), pp. 195–203 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/CONISOFT.2016.36
Mejía-Figueroa, A., Juárez-Ramírez, R.: Towards a user model for the design of adaptive interfaces for autistic users. Presented at the 2014 IEEE 38th Annual International Computers, Software and Applications Conference Workshops, Vasteras, Sweden (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/COMPSACW.2014.47
Children’s UX: Usability Issues in Designing for Young People. https://www.nngroup.com/articles/childrens-websites-usability-issues/. Accessed 1 Mar 2021
Hedley, D., et al.: Transition to work: perspectives from the autism spectrum. Autism 22(5), 528–541 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361316687697
Szczerba, R.J.: The best tech jobs for individuals with autism. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/robertszczerba/2015/06/08/the-best-tech-jobs-for-individuals-with-autism/. Accessed 1 Mar 2021
Tachibana, C.: A new movement helps hone unique traits of disorder into valuable skills, p. 4 (2009)
Austin, R.D., Pisano, G.P.: Neurodiversity as a competitive advantage, p. 14 (2017)
Wei, X., et al.: Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) participation among college students with an autism spectrum disorder. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 43(7), 1539–1546 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1700-z
Gobbo, K., Shmulsky, S.: Faculty experience with college students with autism spectrum disorders: a qualitative study of challenges and solutions. Focus Autism Other Dev. Disabil. 29, 13–22 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1177/1088357613504989
Ren, N.: Envisioning Work : An Autism Friendly and Anxiety Free Office (2020). https://digitalcommons.risd.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1548&context=masterstheses
Acknowledgement
This work was supported with the financial support of the Science Foundation Ireland grant 13/RC/2094_2 and co-funded under the European Regional Development Fund through the Southern & Eastern Regional Operational Programme to Lero - the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Software (www.lero.ie).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Costello, E., Kilbride, S., Milne, Z., Clarke, P., Yilmaz, M., MacMahon, S.T. (2021). A Professional Career with Autism: Findings from a Literature Review in the Software Engineering Domain. In: Yilmaz, M., Clarke, P., Messnarz, R., Reiner, M. (eds) Systems, Software and Services Process Improvement. EuroSPI 2021. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1442. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85521-5_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85521-5_23
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-85520-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-85521-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)