[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/
Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Ontology-Based Analysis and Design of Educational Games for Software Refactoring

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Computer Supported Education (CSEDU 2019)

Part of the book series: Communications in Computer and Information Science ((CCIS,volume 1220))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Despite being regarded as necessary to ensure a system’s maintainability and extensibility, software refactoring is often neglected in practice due to difficulties and risks perceived by software developers. Still, refactoring received little attention by software engineering education and training so far. Educational games are a popular means for enhancing practical competences as well as increasing motivation of learners. For instructors, however, it is challenging to develop and apply games in order to address certain learning objectives, which is important to integrate the games into existing or planned training paths. In this article, we propose an ontology that aims to support the analysis and design of games for teaching and training software refactoring. In particular, we create a unifying domain ontology bridging core concepts from three related fields, i.e. game design (a), software refactoring (b), and competence management (c). The resulting ontology is represented as a UML class diagram that reflects concepts and concept relations important for educational refactoring games. We describe ontology-based design options and demonstrate the use of the ontology by analyzing existing games for software refactoring. In addition, we also present an exemplary process for developing novel games based on the ontology and illustrate its applicability by designing a non-digital card game .

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
£29.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
GBP 19.95
Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
GBP 71.50
Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
GBP 89.99
Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    The resulting ontological model is also available for download as SVG file from http://refactoringgames.com/ontology.

References

  1. Alhammad, M.M., Moreno, A.M.: Gamification in software engineering education: a systematic mapping. J. Syst. Softw. 141, 131–150 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2014.08.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Alves, N.S., Mendes, T.S., de Mendonça, M.G., Spínola, R.O., Shull, F., Seaman, C.: Identification and management of technical debt: a systematic mapping study. Inf. Softw. Technol. 70, 100–121 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2015.10.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Avgeriou, P., Kruchten, P., Ozkaya, I., Seaman, C.: Managing technical debt in software engineering (dagstuhl seminar 16162). In: Dagstuhl Reports, vol. 6. Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik (2016). https://doi.org/10.4230/DagRep.6.4.110

  4. Baars, S., Meester, S.: CodeArena: Inspecting and improving code quality metrics using minecraft. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Technical Debt (Tool Demos). IEEE (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/TechDebt.2019.00023

  5. Bartle, R.: Hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades: players who suit muds. J. MUD Res. 1(1), 19 (1996). http://mud.co.uk/richard/hcds.htm

  6. Bavota, G., Qusef, A., Oliveto, R., De Lucia, A., Binkley, D.: An empirical analysis of the distribution of unit test smells and their impact on software maintenance. In: Proceedings of ICSM 2012, pp. 56–65. IEEE (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSM.2012.6405253

  7. Bloom, B.S., et al.: Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. Cognitive Domain, vol. 1, pp. 20–24. McKay, New York (1956)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Britto, R., Usman, M.: Bloom’s taxonomy in software engineering education: a systematic mapping study. In: 2015 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), pp. 1–8. IEEE (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2015.7344084

  9. Campbell, G., Papapetrou, P.P.: SonarQube in Action. Manning Publications Co. (2013). https://www.sonarqube.org/. Accessed 7 Aug 2019

  10. CoderGears: JArchitect (2018). http://www.jarchitect.com/. Accessed 7 Aug 2019

  11. Connolly, T.M., Boyle, E.A., MacArthur, E., Hainey, T., Boyle, J.M.: A systematic literature review of empirical evidence on computer games and serious games. Comput. Educ. 59(2), 661–686 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.03.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Elezi, L., Sali, S., Demeyer, S., Murgia, A., Pérez, J.: A game of refactoring: studying the impact of gamification in software refactoring. In: Proceedings of the Scientific Workshops of XP 2016, p. 23. ACM (2016). https://doi.org/10.1145/2962695.2962718

  13. Femmer, H., Fernández, D.M., Wagner, S., Eder, S.: Rapid quality assurance with requirements smells. J. Syst. Softw. 123, 190–213 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2016.02.047

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Fontana, F.A., Braione, P., Zanoni, M.: Automatic detection of bad smells in code: an experimental assessment. J. Object Technol. 11(2), 5:1–5:38 (2012). https://doi.org/10.5381/jot.2012.11.2.a5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Fowler, M., Beck, K., Brant, J., Opdyke, W., Roberts, D.: Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code. Addison-Wesley Professional (1999). http://martinfowler.com/books/refactoring.html. Accessed 7 Aug 2019

  16. García, F., Pedreira, O., Piattini, M., Cerdeira-Pena, A., Penabad, M.: A framework for gamification in software engineering. J. Syst. Softw. 132, 21–40 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2017.06.021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Guizzardi, G., Herre, H., Wagner, G.: On the general ontological foundations of conceptual modeling. In: Spaccapietra, S., March, S.T., Kambayashi, Y. (eds.) ER 2002. LNCS, vol. 2503, pp. 65–78. Springer, Heidelberg (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45816-6_15

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Haendler, T.: A card game for learning software-refactoring principles. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Gamification and Games for Learning (GamiLearn@CHIPLAY) (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Haendler, T., Frysak, J.: Deconstructing the refactoring process from a problem-solving and decision-making perspective. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Software Technologies (ICSOFT), pp. 363–372. SciTePress (2018). https://doi.org/10.5220/0006915903970406

  20. Haendler, T., Neumann, G.: A framework for the assessment and training of software refactoring competences. In: Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Knowledge Management and Information Systems (KMIS). SciTePress (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Haendler, T., Neumann, G.: Ontology-based analysis of game designs for software refactoring. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Supported Education (CSEDU), vol. 1, pp. 24–35. SciTePress (2019). https://doi.org/10.5220/0007878300240035

  22. Haendler, T., Neumann, G.: Serious games for software refactoring. In: Proceedings of Software Engineering and Software Management, pp. 181–182. GI, Springer (2019). https://doi.org/10.18420/se2019-58

  23. Haendler, T., Neumann, G.: Serious refactoring games. In: Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), pp. 7691–7700 (2019). https://doi.org/10.24251/HICSS.2019.927

  24. Haendler, T., Neumann, G., Smirnov, F.: An interactive tutoring system for training software refactoring. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Supported Education (CSEDU), vol. 2, pp. 177–188. SciTePress (2019). https://doi.org/10.5220/0007801101770188

  25. Haendler, T., Neumann, G., Smirnov, F.: RefacTutor: an interactive tutoring system for software refactoring. In: International Conference on Computers Supported Education, Revised Selected Papers of CSEDU 2019. Springer (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Hamari, J., Koivisto, J., Sarsa, H.: Does gamification work?-A literature review of empirical studies on gamification. In: Proceedings of 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), pp. 3025–3034. IEEE (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2014.377

  27. Hunicke, R., LeBlanc, M., Zubek, R.: MDA: a formal approach to game design and game research. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Workshop on Challenges in Game AI, vol. 4, pp. 1–5. AAAI Press, San Jose (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Huotari, K., Hamari, J.: Defining gamification: a service marketing perspective. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Academic MindTrek Conference, pp. 17–22. ACM (2012). https://doi.org/10.1145/2393132.2393137

  29. Kan, S.H.: Metrics and Models in Software Quality Engineering. Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc. (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Khandelwal, S., Sripada, S.K., Reddy, Y.R.: Impact of gamification on code review process: an experimental study. In: Proceedings of the 10th Innovations in Software Engineering Conference, pp. 122–126. ACM (2017). https://doi.org/10.1145/3021460.3021474

  31. Kitchenham, B.A., et al.: Towards an ontology of software maintenance. J. Softw. Maintenance Res. Pract. 11(6), 365–389 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-908X(199911/12)11:6<365::AID-SMR200>3.0.CO;2-W

  32. Krathwohl, D.R.: A revision of Bloom’s taxonomy: an overview. Theor. Pract. 41(4), 212–218 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip4104_2

  33. Kruchten, P., Nord, R.L., Ozkaya, I.: Technical debt: from metaphor to theory and practice. IEEE Softw. 29(6), 18–21 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2012.167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Landers, R.N.: Developing a theory of gamified learning: linking serious games and gamification of learning. Simul. Gaming 45(6), 752–768 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1177/1046878114563660

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Masapanta-Carrión, S., Velázquez-Iturbide, J.Á.: A systematic review of the use of Bloom’s taxonomy in computer science education. In: Proceedings of the 49th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, pp. 441–446. ACM (2018). https://doi.org/10.1145/3159450.3159491

  36. Miljanovic, M.A., Bradbury, J.S.: A review of serious games for programming. In: Göbel, S., et al. (eds.) JCSG 2018. LNCS, vol. 11243, pp. 204–216. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02762-9_21

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  37. Misbhauddin, M., Alshayeb, M.: UML model refactoring: a systematic literature review. Empirical Softw. Eng. 20(1), 206–251 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-013-9283-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Moha, N., Gueheneuc, Y.G., Duchien, L., Le Meur, A.F.: DECOR: a method for the specification and detection of code and design smells. IEEE Trans. Software Eng. 36(1), 20–36 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2009.50

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  39. Morschheuser, B., Hassan, L., Werder, K., Hamari, J.: How to design gamification? A method for engineering gamified software. Inf. Softw. Technol. 95, 219–237 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2017.10.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Murphy-Hill, E., Parnin, C., Black, A.P.: How we refactor, and how we know it. IEEE Trans. Software Eng. 38(1), 5–18 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2011.41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Noy, N.F., McGuinness, D.L., et al.: Ontology development 101: a guide to creating your first ontology (2001). https://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/ontology101.pdf. Accessed 7 Aug 2019

  42. Object Management Group: Unified Modeling Language (UML), Superstructure, Version 2.5.1, June 2017. https://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.5.1. Accessed 7 Aug 2019

  43. Opdyke, W.F.: Refactoring Object-oriented Frameworks. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign (1992). https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=169783

  44. Paquette, G.: An ontology and a software framework for competency modeling and management. Educ. Technol. Soc. 10(3), 1–21 (2007). https://www.jstor.org/stable/jeductechsoci.10.3.1?seq=1

    Google Scholar 

  45. Parnas, D.L.: Software aging. In: Proceedings of 16th International Conference on Software Engineering, pp. 279–287. IEEE (1994), http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=257734.257788

  46. Paulheim, H.: Knowledge graph refinement: a survey of approaches and evaluation methods. Semant. Web 8(3), 489–508 (2017). https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-160218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Pedreira, O., García, F., Brisaboa, N., Piattini, M.: Gamification in software engineering-a systematic mapping. Inf. Softw. Technol. 57, 157–168 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2014.08.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Prensky, M.: Digital game-based learning. Comput. Entertainment (CIE) 1(1), 21–21 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1145/950566.950596

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Raab, F.: CodeSmellExplorer: Tangible exploration of code smells and refactorings. In: 2012 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC), pp. 261–262. IEEE (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/VLHCC.2012.6344544

  50. Rolim, R., et al.: Learning syntactic program transformations from examples. In: Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Software Engineering, pp. 404–415. IEEE Press (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSE.2017.44

  51. Sandalski, M., Stoyanova-Doycheva, A., Popchev, I., Stoyanov, S.: Development of a refactoring learning environment. Cybern. Inf. Technol. (CIT) 11(2) (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  52. Suryanarayana, G., Samarthyam, G., Sharma, T.: Refactoring for Software Design Smells: Managing Technical Debt. Morgan Kaufmann (2014). https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2755629

  53. Tempero, E., Gorschek, T., Angelis, L.: Barriers to refactoring. Commun. ACM 60(10), 54–61 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1145/3131873

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Tsantalis, N., Chaikalis, T., Chatzigeorgiou, A.: JDeodorant: Identification and removal of type-checking bad smells. In: Proceedings of 12th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering (CSMR 2008), pp. 329–331. IEEE (2008). https://doi.org/10.1109/CSMR.2008.4493342

  55. ZEN PROGRAM: NDepend (2018), http://www.ndepend.com/. Accessed 7 Aug 2019

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Information Systems and New Media, Vienna University of Economics and Business (WU Vienna), Vienna, Austria

    Thorsten Haendler & Gustaf Neumann

Authors
  1. Thorsten Haendler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Gustaf Neumann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thorsten Haendler .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA

    H. Chad Lane

  2. Anderson Academic Commons, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA

    Susan Zvacek

  3. School of Engineering, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, UK

    James Uhomoibhi

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Haendler, T., Neumann, G. (2020). Ontology-Based Analysis and Design of Educational Games for Software Refactoring. In: Lane, H.C., Zvacek, S., Uhomoibhi, J. (eds) Computer Supported Education. CSEDU 2019. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1220. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58459-7_29

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58459-7_29

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-58458-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-58459-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation