Abstract
The detection of retinal blood vessels, especially the changes of small vessel condition is the most important indicator to identify the vascular network of the human body. Existing techniques focused mainly on shape of the large vessels, which is not appropriate for the disconnected small and isolated vessels. Paying attention to the low contrast small blood vessel in fundus region, first time we proposed to combine graph based smoothing regularizer with the loss function in the U-net framework. The proposed regularizer treated the image as two graphs by calculating the graph laplacians on vessel regions and the background regions on the image. The potential of the proposed graph based smoothing regularizer in reconstructing small vessel is compared over the classical U-net with or without regularizer. Numerical and visual results shows that our developed regularizer proved its effectiveness in segmenting the small vessels and reconnecting the fragmented retinal blood vessels.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Staal, J., Abramoff, M., Niemeijer, M., Viergever, M., van Ginneken, B.: Ridge-based vessel segmentation in color images of the retina. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 23, 501–509 (2004)
Amin, M., Yan, H.: High speed detection of retinal blood vessels in fundus image using phase congruency. Soft. Comput. 15, 1217–1230 (2010)
Sharma, A., Rani, S.: An automatic segmentation and detection of blood vessels and optic disc in retinal images. In: 2016 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP) (2016)
Chakraborti, T., Jha, D., Chowdhury, A., Jiang, X.: A self-adaptive matched filter for retinal blood vessel detection. Mach. Vis. Appl. 26, 55–68 (2014)
Tagore, M., Kande, G., Rao, E., Rao, B.: Segmentation of retinal vasculature using phase congruency and hierarchical clustering. In: 2013 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI) (2013)
Melinscak, M., Prentasic, P., Loncaric, S.: Retinal vessel segmentation using deep neural networks. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications (2015)
Li, Q., Feng, B., Xie, L., Liang, P., Zhang, H., Wang, T.: A cross-modality learning approach for vessel segmentation in retinal images. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 35, 109–118 (2016)
Dasgupta, A., Singh, S.: A fully convolutional neural network based structured prediction approach towards the retinal vessel segmentation. In: 2017 IEEE 14th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI 2017), pp. 18–21 (2017)
Fu, H., Xu, Y., Wong, D., Liu, J.: Retinal vessel segmentation via deep learning network and fully-connected conditional random fields. In: 2016 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI), pp. 698–701 (2016)
Ronneberger, O., Fischer, P., Brox, T.: U-net: convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation. In: Navab, N., Hornegger, J., Wells, W.M., Frangi, A.F. (eds.) MICCAI 2015. LNCS, vol. 9351, pp. 234–241. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28
Wang, S., Yin, Y., Cao, G., Wei, B., Zheng, Y., Yang, G.: Hierarchical retinal blood vessel segmentation based on feature and ensemble learning. Neurocomputing 149, 708–717 (2015)
Liskowski, P., Krawiec, K.: Segmenting retinal blood vessels with newline deep neural networks. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 35, 2369–2380 (2016)
Azzopardi, G., Strisciuglio, N., Vento, M., Petkov, N.: Trainable COSFIRE filters for vessel delineation with application to retinal images. Med. Image Anal. 19, 46–57 (2015)
Khan, M., Soomro, T., Khan, T., Bailey, D., Gao, J., Mir, N.: Automatic retinal vessel extraction algorithm based on contrast-sensitive schemes. In: 2016 International Conference on Image and Vision Computing New Zealand (IVCNZ), pp. 1–5 (2016)
Zhao, Y., Rada, L., Chen, K., Harding, S., Zheng, Y.: Automated vessel segmentation using infinite perimeter active contour model with hybrid region information with application to retinal images. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 34, 1797–1807 (2015)
Marin, D., Aquino, A., Gegundez-Arias, M.E., Bravo, J.M.: A new supervised method for blood vessel segmentation in retinal images by using gray-level and moment invariants-based features. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging. 30, 146–158 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2064333
Orlando, J.I., Prokofyeva, E., Blaschko, M.B.: A discriminatively trained fully connected conditional random field model for blood vessel segmentation in fundus images. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 64, 16–27 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2016.2535311
Acknowledgments
This work was partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16K00239 and 18F18112.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Hakim, L., Yudistira, N., Kavitha, M., Kurita, T. (2019). U-Net with Graph Based Smoothing Regularizer for Small Vessel Segmentation on Fundus Image. In: Gedeon, T., Wong, K., Lee, M. (eds) Neural Information Processing. ICONIP 2019. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1143. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36802-9_55
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36802-9_55
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-36801-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-36802-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)