[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/
Skip to main content

Multi-agent Path Finding on Real Robots: First Experience with Ozobots

  • Conference paper
Advances in Artificial Intelligence – IBERAMIA 2018 (IBERAMIA 2018)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 11238))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

The problem of Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is to find paths for a fixed set of agents from their current locations to some desired locations in such a way that the agents do not collide with each other. This problem has been extensively theoretically studied, frequently using an abstract model, that expects uniform durations of moving primitives and perfect synchronization of agents/robots. In this paper we study the question of how the abstract plans generated by existing MAPF algorithms perform in practice when executed on real robots, namely Ozobots. In particular, we use several abstract models of MAPF, including a robust version and a version that assumes turning of a robot, we translate the abstract plans to sequences of motion primitives executable on Ozobots, and we empirically compare the quality of plan execution (real makespan, the number of collisions).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
£29.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
GBP 19.95
Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
GBP 35.99
Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
GBP 44.99
Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Atzmon, D., Felner, A., Stern, R., Wagner, G., Barták, R., Zhou, N.: k-robust multi-agent path finding. In: Fukunaga, A., Kishimoto, A. (eds.) Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Combinatorial Search, 16–17 June 2017, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, pp. 157–158. AAAI Press (2017). https://aaai.org/ocs/index.php/SOCS/SOCS17/paper/view/15797

  2. Barták, R., Švancara, J., Vlk, M.: A scheduling-based approach to multi-agent path finding with weighted and capacitated arcs. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems, AAMAS 2018, Stockholm, Sweden, 11–13 July 2018, pp. 748–756. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, Richland, SC (2018). http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3237383.3237494

  3. Barták, R., Zhou, N.F., Stern, R., Boyarski, E., Surynek, P.: Modeling and solving the multi-agent pathfinding problem in picat. In: 29th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI), pp. 959–966. IEEE Computer Society (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTAI.2017.00147

  4. Boyarski, E., et al.: ICBS: the improved conflict-based search algorithm for multi-agent pathfinding. In: Lelis, L., Stern, R. (eds.) Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Search, SOCS 2015, Ein Gedi, the Dead Sea, Israel, 11–13 June 2015, pp. 223–225. AAAI Press (2015). http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/SOCS/SOCS15/paper/view/10974

  5. desJardins, M., Littman, M.L. (eds.): Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Bellevue, Washington, USA, 14–18 July 2013. AAAI Press (2013). http://www.aaai.org/Library/AAAI/aaai13contents.php

  6. Erdem, E., Kisa, D.G., Öztok, U., Schüller, P.: A general formal framework for pathfinding problems with multiple agents. In: desJardins, Littman [5]. http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/AAAI/AAAI13/paper/view/6293

  7. Evollve Inc., Ozobot & OzoBlockly: Welcome to OzoBlockly (2015). https://ozoblockly.com/

  8. Kautz, H.A., Selman, B.: Planning as satisfiability. In: ECAI, pp. 359–363 (1992). https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=146725

  9. Ozobot & Evollve Inc.: Ozobot—Robots to code, create, and connect with (2018). https://ozobot.com/

  10. Ryan, M.R.K.: Exploiting subgraph structure in multi-robot path planning. J. Artif. Intell. Res. 31, 497–542 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.2408

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Sharon, G., Stern, R., Felner, A., Sturtevant, N.R.: Conflict-based search for optimal multi-agent pathfinding. Artif. Intell. 219, 40–66 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2014.11.006

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Sharon, G., Stern, R., Goldenberg, M., Felner, A.: The increasing cost tree search for optimal multi-agent pathfinding. Artif. Intell. 195, 470–495 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2012.11.006

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Standley, T.S.: Finding optimal solutions to cooperative pathfinding problems. In: Fox, M., Poole, D. (eds.) Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2010, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 11–15 July 2010. AAAI Press (2010). http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/AAAI/AAAI10/paper/view/1926

  14. Surynek, P.: On propositional encodings of cooperative path-finding. In: IEEE 24th International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, ICTAI 2012, Athens, Greece, 7–9 November 2012, pp. 524–531. IEEE Computer Society (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTAI.2012.77

  15. Surynek, P.: Compact representations of cooperative path-finding as SAT based on matchings in bipartite graphs. In: 26th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, ICTAI 2014, Limassol, Cyprus, 10–12 November 2014, pp. 875–882. IEEE Computer Society (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTAI.2014.134

  16. Yu, J., LaValle, S.M.: Planning optimal paths for multiple robots on graphs. In: 2013 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, ICRA 2013, pp. 3612–3617, May 2013. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRA.2013.6631084

  17. Yu, J., LaValle, S.M.: Structure and intractability of optimal multi-robot path planning on graphs. In: desJardins, Littman [5]. http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/AAAI/AAAI13/paper/view/6111

Download references

Acknowledgement

Roman Barták is supported by the Czech Science Foundation under the project P202/12/G061 and together with Jiří Švancara by the Czech-Israeli Cooperative Scientific Research Project 8G15027. This research was also partially supported by SVV project number 260 453.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Roman Barták .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Cite this paper

Barták, R., Švancara, J., Škopková, V., Nohejl, D. (2018). Multi-agent Path Finding on Real Robots: First Experience with Ozobots. In: Simari, G.R., Fermé, E., Gutiérrez Segura, F., Rodríguez Melquiades, J.A. (eds) Advances in Artificial Intelligence – IBERAMIA 2018. IBERAMIA 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11238. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03928-8_24

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03928-8_24

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-03927-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-03928-8

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics