Abstract
This article describes a 3D biomechanical simulation of a salamander to be used in experiments in computational neuroethology. The physically-based simulation represents the salamander as an articulated body, actuated by muscles simulated as springs and dampers, in interaction with a simple environment. The aim of the simulation is to investigate the neural circuits underlying the aquatic and terrestrial locomotion of the real salamander, as well as to serve as test bed for investigating vertebrate sensorimotor coordination in silico.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R.D. Beer. Intelligence as Adaptive Behavior, an Experiment in Computational Neuroethology. Academic Press, 1990.
D. Cliff. Computational neuroethology. In M.A. Arbib, editor, The handbook of brain theory and neural networks, pages 626–630. MIT Press, 1995.
R.D. Quinn and K.S. Espenschied. Control of a hexapod robot using a biologically inspired neural network. In R.D. Beer, R.E. Ritzmann, and T.M. McKenna, editors, Biological neural networks in invertebrate neuroethology and robotics. Academic Press, 1993.
H. Cruse, D.E. Brunn, Ch. Bartling, J. Dean, M. Dreifert, T. Kindermann, and J. Schmitz. Walking: A complex behavior controlled by simple networks. Adaptive Behavior, 3(4):385–418, 1995.
B. Webb. Robotics experiments in cricket phonotaxis. In D. Ciff, P. Husbands, J.M. Meyer, and S.W. Wilson, editors, Proceedings, From Animals to Animats III. MIT Press, 1994.
N. Franceschini, J.M. Pichon, and C. Blanes. From insect vision to robot vision. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B, 337:283–294, 1992.
D. Cliff. Neural networks for visual tracking in an artificial fly. In F.J. Varela and P. Bourgine, editors, Proceedings of the first European Conference on Artificial Life (ECAL91). MIT Press, 1992.
M.A. Arbib. Levels of modeling of visually guided behavior. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 10:407–465, 1987.
A. Cobas and M. Arbib. Prey-catching and predator-avoidance in frog and toad: defining the schemas. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 157:271–304, 1992.
M.A. Arbib and J.S. Liaw. Sensorimotor transformations in the world of frogs and robots. Artificial Intelligence, 72:53–79, 1995.
Ö. Ekeberg. A combined neuronal and mechanical model of fish swimming. Biological Cybernetics, 69:363–374, 1993.
D. Terzopoulos, X. Tu, and R. Grzeszczuk. Artificial fishes: autonomous locomotion, perception, behavior, and learning in a simulated physical world. Artificial Life, 1(4):327–351, 1994.
P.F.M.J. Vershure, J. Wray, O. Sporns, G. Tononi, and G.M. Edelmann. Multilevel analysis of classical conditioning in a behaving real world artifact. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 16:247–265, 1995.
A.J. Ijspeert, J. Hallam, and D. Willshaw. From lampreys to salamanders: evolving neural controllers for swimming and walking. In R. Pfeifer, B. Blumberg, J.-A. Meyer, and S.W. Wilson, editors, From Animals to Animats, Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference of The Society for Adaptive Behavior (SAB98), pages 390–399. MIT Press, 1998.
A.J. Ijspeert. Synthetic approaches to neurobiology: review and case study in the control of anguiliform locomotion. In D. Floreano, F. Mondada, and J.-D. Nicoud, editors, Proceedings of the Fifth European Conference on Artificial Life ECAL99, pages 195–204. Springer Verlag, 1999.
A.J. Ijspeert. Evolution of neural controllers for salamander-like locomotion. In G.T. McKee and P.S. Schenker, editors, Proceedings of Sensor Fusion and Decentralised Control in Robotics Systems II, pages 168–179. SPIE Proceeding Vol. 3839, 1999.
L.M. Frolich and A.A. Biewener. Kinematic and electromyographic analysis of the functional role of the body axis during terrestrial and aquatic locomotion in the salamander ambystoma tigrinum. Journal of Experimental Biology, 62:107–130, 1992.
M.A. Ashley-Ross. Hindlimb kinematics during terrestrial locomotion in a salamander (dicampton tenebrosus). Journal of Experimental Biology, 193:255–283, 1994.
M.A. Ashley-Ross. Metamorphic and speed effects on hindlimb kinematics during terrestrial locomotion in the salamander (dicampton tenebrosus). Journal of Experimental Biology, 193:285–305, 1994.
I. Delvolvé, T. Bem, and J.-M. Cabelguen. Epaxial and limb muscle activity during swimming and terrestrial stepping in the adult newt, pleurodeles waltl. Journal of Neurophysiology, 78:638–650, 1997.
A.H. Cohen. Evolution of the vertebrate central pattern generator for locomotion. In A. H. Cohen, S. Rossignol, and S. Grillner, editors, Neural control of rhythmic movements in vertebrates. Jon Wiley & Sons, 1988.
A.J. Ijspeert, J. Hallam, and D. Willshaw. Evolving swimming controllers for a simulated lamprey with inspiration from neurobiology. Adaptive Behavior, 7(2):151–172, 1999.
A.J. Ijspeert and J. Kodjabachian. Evolution and development of a central pattern generator for the swimming of a lamprey. Artificial Life, 5(3):247–269, 1999.
A.J. Ijspeert. A neuromechanical investigation of salamander locomotion. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Adaptive Motion of Animals and Machines, Montreal, Canada, 8–12 August 2000. 2000. To appear.
A.J. Ijspeert and M. Arbib. Visual tracking in simulated salamander locomotion. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference of The Society for Adaptive Behavior (SAB2000), Paris, France, 11–15 September 2000. MIT Press, 2000. To appear.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ijspeert, A.J. (2000). A 3-D Biomechanical Model of the Salamander. In: Heudin, JC. (eds) Virtual Worlds. VW 2000. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 1834. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45016-5_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45016-5_21
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-67707-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-45016-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive