Abstract
There are two basic cases when Query Answering System (QAS) for a Distributed Autonomous Information System (DAIS) may give no answer to a submitted query. Let us assume that q is that query which is submitted to an information system S representing one of the sites in DAIS. Systems in DAIS can be incomplete, have hierarchical attributes, and we also assume that there are no objects in S which descriptions are matching q. In such a case, QAS will fail and return the empty set of objects. Alternatively, it may relax query q as it was proposed in [7], [8], [2]. It means that q is replaced either automatically or with a help from user by a new more general query. Clearly, the ultimate goal is to find a generalization of q which is possibly the smallest. Smaller generalizations of queries always guarantee higher confidence in objects returned by QAS. Such QAS is called cooperative. We may also encounter failing query problem when some of the attributes listed in q are outside the domain of S. We call them foreign for S. In such a case, we extract definitions of foreign attributes for S at other sites in DAIS and next used them in QAS to solve q. However, to do that successfully, we have to assume that both systems agree on the ontology of their common attributes [14], [15], [16]. Such definitions are used to identify which objects in S may satisfy that query. The corresponding QAS is called collaborative. This paper shows that cooperation can be used as a refinement tool for the collaboration strategy dealing with failing query problem as presented in [14], [15].
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Benjamins, V.R., Fensel, D., Pérez, A.G.: Knowledge management through ontologies. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Practical Aspects of Knowledge Management (PAKM 1998), Basel, Switzerland (1998)
Chu, W., Yang, H., Chiang, K., Minock, M., Chow, G., Larson, C.: Cobase: A scalable and extensible cooperative information system. Journal of Intelligent Information Systems 6(2/3), 223–259 (1996)
Dardzińska, A., Raś, Z.W.: Rule-Based Chase Algorithm for Partially Incomplete Information Systems. In: Tsumoto, S., Yamaguchi, T., Numao, M., Motoda, H. (eds.) AM 2003. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3430, pp. 42–51. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Dardzińska, A., Raś, Z.W.: On Rules Discovery from Incomplete Information Systems. In: Lin, T.Y., Hu, X., Ohsuga, S., Liau, C. (eds.) Proceedings of ICDM 2003 Workshop on Foundations and New Directions of Data Mining, Melbourne, Florida, vol. 2003, pp. 31–35. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2003)
Dardzińska, A., Raś, Z.W.: Chasing Unknown Values in Incomplete Information Systems. In: Lin, T.Y., Hu, X., Ohsuga, S., Liau, C. (eds.) Proceedings of ICDM 2003 Workshop on Foundations and New Directions of Data Mining, Melbourne, Florida, pp. 24–30. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2003)
Fensel, D.: Ontologies: a silver bullet for knowledge management and electronic commerce. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)
Gaasterland, T.: Cooperative answering through controlled query relaxation. IEEE Expert. 12(5), 48–59 (1997)
Godfrey, P.: Minimization in cooperative response to failing database queries. International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 6(2), 95–149 (1997)
Guarino, N. (ed.): Formal Ontology in Information Systems. IOS Press, Amsterdam (1998)
Guarino, N., Giaretta, P.: Ontologies and knowledge bases, towards a terminological clarification. In: Towards Very Large Knowledge Bases: Knowledge Building and Knowledge Sharing. IOS Press, Amsterdam (1995)
Pawlak, Z.: Rough sets-theoretical aspects of reasoning about data. Kluwer, Dordrecht (1991)
Pawlak, Z.: Information systems - theoretical foundations. Information Systems Journal 6, 205–218 (1991)
Raś, Z.W.: Dictionaries in a distributed knowledge-based system. In: Concurrent Engineering: Research and Applications, Conference Proceedings, Pittsburgh, Penn., Concurrent Technologies Corporation, pp. 383–390 (1994)
Raś, Z.W., Dardzińska, A.: Ontology Based Distributed Autonomous Knowledge Systems. Information Systems International Journal 29(1), 47–58 (2004)
Raś, Z.W., Dardzińska, A.: Query answering based on collaboration and chase. In: Christiansen, H., Hacid, M.-S., Andreasen, T., Larsen, H.L. (eds.) FQAS 2004. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3055, pp. 125–136. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Raś, Z.W., Joshi, S.: Query approximate answering system for an incomplete DKBS. Fundamenta Informaticae Journal 30(3/4), 313–324 (1997)
Sowa, J.F.: Ontology, metadata, and semiotics. In: Ganter, B., Mineau, G.W. (eds.) ICCS 2000. LNCS, vol. 1867, pp. 55–81. Springer, Heidelberg (2000a)
Sowa, J.F.: Knowledge Representation: Logical, Philosophical, and Computational Foundations. Brooks/Cole Publishing Co., Pacific Grove (2000b)
Sowa, J.F.: Ontological categories. In: Albertazzi, L. (ed.) Shapes of Forms: From Gestalt Psychology and Phenomenology to Ontology and Mathematics, pp. 307–340. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1999a)
Van Heijst, G., Schreiber, A., Wielinga, B.: Using explicit ontologies in KBS development. International Journal of Human and Computer Studies 46(2/3), 183–292 (1997)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Raś, Z.W., Dardzińska, A. (2005). Failing Queries in Distributed Autonomous Information System. In: Hacid, MS., Murray, N.V., Raś, Z.W., Tsumoto, S. (eds) Foundations of Intelligent Systems. ISMIS 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 3488. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11425274_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11425274_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-25878-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-31949-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)