Special elections to the 119th United States Congress (2025-2026)

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Special elections to the 119th Congress, 2025-2026
U.S. Senate
TBD
U.S. House
FL-1 • FL-6
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Special elections to United States Congress are required in the event of vacancies. This page is a compilation of all special elections to the 119th Congress in 2025-2026.

As of November 2024, two special elections have been called to fill vacant seats in the 119th Congress. The following special elections are upcoming:

Special elections to Congress occur when a legislator resigns or is removed from office. Depending on the specific state laws governing vacancies, a state can either hold an election within the same calendar year or wait until the next regularly scheduled election.

Special elections

Special election results

House

Results of special elections to the 119th Congress (House)
Race Election date Incumbent Winner Election MOV Previous election MOV 2020 Presidential election MOV[1]
Florida's 1st Congressional District April 1, 2025 Republican Party Matt Gaetz TBD TBD R+32 R+32.3
Florida's 6th Congressional District April 1, 2025 Republican Party Michael Waltz TBD TBD R+33 R+23.7

Historical election data

Special elections, 2013-2025

From 2013 to 2025, 82 special elections to the United States Congress were called during the 113th through 119th Congresses. During that time, special elections were called for 29 seats vacated by Democrats and 53 vacated by Republicans.

The table below details how many congressional seats changed parties as the result of a special election between 2013 and 2024. The numbers on the left side of the table reflect how many vacant seats were originally held by each party, while the numbers on the right side of the table show how many vacant seats each party won in special elections.

Congressional special election vacancies and results, 113th Congress to 118th Congress
Congress Total elections held Vacancies before elections Seats held after elections Net change
Democratic Party Democrats Republican Party Republicans Democratic Party Democrats Republican Party Republicans
118th Congress 13 6 7 7 6 +1D, -1R
117th Congress 17 7 10 7 10 No change
116th Congress 10 3 7 4 6 +1D, -1R
115th Congress 17 4 13 8 9 +4 D, -4 R
114th Congress 7 2 5 2 5 No change
113th Congress 16 7 9 7 9 No change
Averages 13.33 4.83 8.5 6.67 7.5 N/A


U.S. Senate special election partisan change from special elections, 113th Congress to 118th Congress
Party As of special election After special election
Democratic Party Democrats 5 8
Republican Party Republicans 7 4
Total 12 12
U.S. House special election partisan change from special elections, 113th Congress to 118th Congress
Party As of special election After special election
Democratic Party Democrats 20 23
Republican Party Republicans 39 36
Total 59 59


Special elections, 1986-2012

The table below presents the results of special elections to Congress from 1986 to 2012. Contact Ballotpedia at editor@ballotpedia.org for access to earlier data.

Results of special elections to Congress (1986-2012)
Election cycle Total special elections U.S. House elections Seats changing partisan control U.S. Senate elections Seats changing partisan control
2011-2012 11 11 None None None
2009-2010 15 10 3 (2 Democratic gains; 1 Republican gain) 5 2 (all Republican gains)
2007-2008 14 12 3 (2 Republican gains; 1 Democratic gain) 2 None
2005-2006 12 12 3 (all Democratic gains) None None
2003-2004 6 6 None None None
2001-2002 6 5 2 (all Democratic gains) 1 1 (Republican gain)
1999-2000 9 8 1 (Republican gain) 1 1 (Democratic gain)
1997-1998 3 3 None None None
1995-1996 11 9 1 (Republican gain) 2 1 (Democratic gain)
1993-1994 9 6 1 (Republican gain) 3 3 (all Republican gains)
1991-1992 10 7 2 (all Republican gains) 3 1 (Democratic gain)
1989-1990 10 8 1 (Democratic gain) 2 None
1987-1988 12 12 3 (2 Democratic gains; 1 Republican gain) None None
1985-1986 8 8 1 (Republican gain) None None
Total 136 117 21 (11 Democratic gains; 10 Republican gains) 19 9 (6 Republican gains; 3 Democratic gains)

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' presidential results by congressional district for 2020, 2016, and 2012," accessed April 6, 2021
  2. ↑ Both general election candidates were Republicans.
  3. ↑ This race was unopposed.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Both general election candidates were Democrats.
  5. ↑ Lamb won by a margin of 0.4 percentage points.
  6. ↑ Wild won by a margin of 0.2 percentage points.
  7. ↑ The state Board of Elections declined to certify the results of the 2018 election following allegations of absentee ballot fraud.
  8. ↑ Collins won by 0.3 percentage points.
  9. ↑ This special election was called to fill the vacancy left by 2020 Congressman-elect Luke Letlow (R), who died before being sworn in to Congress.
  10. ↑ Runoff MOV between two Republican candidates.
  11. ↑ Runoff MOV between two Democratic candidates.
  12. ↑ Runoff MOV between two Republican candidates.
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