Eudicots

Eudicots; Temporal range: Early Cretaceous - recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	An Primula hortensis sarong eudicot
Sayantipiko na klasipikasyon
Kahadean:	Plantae
Klado:	Angiosperms
Klado:	Eudicots
Clades (APG IV)
	Basal eudicots: Buxales; Proteales; Ranunculales; Trochodendrales; ; Core eudicots: Clades Superasterids; Superrosids; ; Orders Berberidopsidales; Caryophyllales; Dilleniales; Gunnerales; Santalales; Saxifragales; ; ;

An pollen kan *Arabis* pollen igwa nin tolong colpi.

An eudicots, Eudicotidae o eudicotyledons ang clade kan mga tanom na nagbuburak dating inaapod na tricolpates o non-magnoliid dicots ka ibang mga parasurat. An botanikal na termino ipinabisto kan 1991 kan ebolusyonaryong botanista na si James A. Doyle asin paleobotanist Carol L. Hotton para tawan doon an huring ebolusyonaryong pagkakaiba kan tricolpate dicots sa mga enot, dai pa espesyalisadong mga dicots.^[1] An haraning relasyon kan mga tanom na nagbuburak sa tricolpate pollen grains enot na nahiling sa morphological studies kan ibang karakter. An mga tanom na ini igwang distinktibong katangian sa saindang pollen grains, nagpapahiling nin tolong colpi o grooves paralleling sa polar axis^[2].

Dai naghaloy, an mga molecular na ebidensiya kinonpirma an genetic basis para sa mga ebolusyonaryong relasyon kan mga tanom na nagbuburak sa tricolpate pollen grains asin dicotyledonous traits. An termino nangangahulugan na "true dicotyledons", ta ini igwa nin mayoridad kan tanom na kinonsiderar na dicots asin igwang katangian kan mga dicots. An terminong "eudicots" sunod nang ginamit sa botany para magtukoy kan saro sa duwang pinakadulang clades kan angiosperm (nagbubuo kan halos 70% kan mga angiosperm species), monocots ang saro pa. An mga natatadang angiosperms kaayon an magnoliids o ang minsan na inaapod na basal angiosperms o paleodicots, pero ining mga termino na ini dai pa ginagamit, ta mayo ini nin monophyletic na grupo.

Subdibisyon

An eudicots pwedeng bangaon sa duwang grupo: an mga basal eudicots asin an mga core eudicots.^[3] Basal eudicot is an informal name for a paraphyletic group. The core eudicots are a monophyletic group.^[4] A 2010 study suggested the core eudicots can be divided into two clades, Gunnerales and a clade called Pentapetalae, comprising all the remaining core eudicots.^[5]

An Pentapetalae pwedeng pagsuruwayon sa tolong clades:

Dilleniales
superrosids binubo kan Saxifragales asin rosids (the APG IV system includes the Vitales in the rosids)
superasterids binubuo kan Santalales, Berberidopsidales, Caryophyllales asin asterids

An dibisyon kan eudicots pinapahiling sa masunod na cladogram:^[6]

eudicots

basal eudicots

(paraphyletic group: Ranunculales, Proteales, Trochodendrales, Buxales)

core eudicots

Pentapetalae

	fabids (8 orders)

	malvids (8 orders)

	campanulids (7 orders)

	lamiids (8 orders)

An minasunod mas detalyadong pagsusog base sa APG IV, pinapahiling sa kada clade asin order.^[7]

clade Eudicots
order Ranunculales

order Proteales

order Trochodendrales

order Buxales

clade Core eudicots
order Gunnerales

order Dilleniales

clade Superrosids
order Saxifragales

clade Rosids
order Vitales

clade Fabids
order Fabales

order Rosales

order Fagales

order Cucurbitales

order Oxalidales

order Malpighiales

order Celastrales

order Zygophyllales

clade Malvids
order Geraniales

order Myrtales

order Crossosomatales

order Picramniales

order Malvales

order Brassicales

order Huerteales

order Sapindales

clade Superasterids
order Berberidopsidales

order Santalales

order Caryophyllales

clade Asterids
order Cornales

order Ericales

clade Campanulids
order Aquifoliales

order Asterales

order Escalloniales

order Bruniales

order Apiales

order Dipsacales

order Paracryphiales

clade Lamiids
order Solanales

order Lamiales

order Vahliales

order Gentianales

order Boraginales

order Garryales

order Metteniusales

order Icacinales

Toltolan

↑ Endress, Peter K. (2002). "Morphology and Angiosperm Systematics in the Molecular Era". Botanical Review. Structural Botany in Systematics: A Symposium in Memory of William C. Dickison 68 (4): 545–570. doi:10.1663/0006-8101(2002)068[0545:maasit]2.0.co;2. http://doc.rero.ch/record/313995/files/12229_2008_Article_684545.pdf.
↑ Coiro, Mario; Doyle, James A.; Hilton, Jason (2019-01-25). "How deep is the conflict between molecular and fossil evidence on the age of angiosperms?" (in en). New Phytologist. doi:10.1111/nph.15708. PMID 30681148.
↑ Worberg, A; Quandt, D; Barniske, A-M; Löhne, C; Hilu, KW; Borsch, T (2007). "Phylogeny of basal eudicots: insights from non-coding and rapidly evolving DNA". Organisms, Diversity and Evolution 7 (1): 55–77. doi:10.1016/j.ode.2006.08.001.
↑ Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Endress, Peter K.; Chase, Mark W. (2005). Phylogeny and Evolution of Angiosperms. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 9780878938179.
↑ Moore, Michael J.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Bell, Charles D.; Burleigh, J. Gordon; Soltis, Douglas E. (2010). "Phylogenetic analysis of 83 plastid genes further resolves the early diversification of eudicots". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107 (10): 4623–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.0907801107. PMID 20176954. Bibcode: 2010PNAS..107.4623M.
↑ Based on:
Stevens, P.F. (2001–2014). "Trees". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Archived from the original on 2015-05-21. Retrieved 2014-11-17.
Stevens, P.F. (2001–2016). "Eudicots". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Retrieved 2014-11-17.
↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.

Bibliograpiya

Doyle, J.A.; Hotton, C.L. (1991). "Diversification of early angiosperm pollen in a cladistic context". In Blackmore, S.; Barnes, S.H. Pollen and Spores. Patterns of Diversification. Systematics Association Publications. 44. Clarendon Press. pp. 169–195. ISBN 9780198577461.
Judd, Walter S.; Olmstead, Richard G. (2004). "A survey of tricolpate (eudicot) phylogenetic relationships". American Journal of Botany 91 (10): 1627–44. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1627. PMID 21652313. Archived from the original on 2009-08-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20090808231456/http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/91/10/1627. Retrieved on 2019-09-09.
Eudicots in Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 7, May 2006.

Mga panluwas na takod

Eudicots Archived 2013-06-24 at the Wayback Machine., Tree of Life Web Project
Dicots Archived 2015-02-24 at the Wayback Machine. Plant Life Forms

Pinopoonan an artikulong ini. Makakatabang ka sa Bikol Wikipedia sa pagparambong kaining pahina.

[Endress_2002-1] Endress, Peter K. (2002). "Morphology and Angiosperm Systematics in the Molecular Era". Botanical Review. Structural Botany in Systematics: A Symposium in Memory of William C. Dickison 68 (4): 545–570. doi:10.1663/0006-8101(2002)068[0545:maasit]2.0.co;2. http://doc.rero.ch/record/313995/files/12229_2008_Article_684545.pdf.

[2] Coiro, Mario; Doyle, James A.; Hilton, Jason (2019-01-25). "How deep is the conflict between molecular and fossil evidence on the age of angiosperms?" (in en). New Phytologist. doi:10.1111/nph.15708. PMID 30681148.

[worberg2007-3] Worberg, A; Quandt, D; Barniske, A-M; Löhne, C; Hilu, KW; Borsch, T (2007). "Phylogeny of basal eudicots: insights from non-coding and rapidly evolving DNA". Organisms, Diversity and Evolution 7 (1): 55–77. doi:10.1016/j.ode.2006.08.001.

[soltis2005-4] Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Endress, Peter K.; Chase, Mark W. (2005). Phylogeny and Evolution of Angiosperms. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 9780878938179.

[MoorSoltBellBurl10-5] Moore, Michael J.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Bell, Charles D.; Burleigh, J. Gordon; Soltis, Douglas E. (2010). "Phylogenetic analysis of 83 plastid genes further resolves the early diversification of eudicots". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107 (10): 4623–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.0907801107. PMID 20176954. Bibcode: 2010PNAS..107.4623M.

[6] Based on:
Stevens, P.F. (2001–2014). "Trees". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Archived from the original on 2015-05-21. Retrieved 2014-11-17.
Stevens, P.F. (2001–2016). "Eudicots". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Retrieved 2014-11-17.

[apgiv-7] Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.

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