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Yeon-Sun Ahn, Ok-Ran Jeong^*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 2695-2708, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015636 - 01 March 2021
Abstract A knowledge graph is a structured graph in which data obtained from multiple sources are standardized to acquire and integrate human knowledge. Research is being actively conducted to cover a wide variety of knowledge, as it can be applied to applications that help humans. However, existing researches are constructing knowledge graphs without the time information that knowledge implies. Knowledge stored without time information becomes outdated over time, and in the future, the possibility of knowledge being false or meaningful changes is excluded. As a result, they can’t reflect information that changes dynamically, and they can’t… More >

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Jaekyu Lee^1,2, Sangyub Lee¹, Hyosub Choi¹, Hyeonjoong Cho^2,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 2709-2727, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015174 - 01 March 2021
Abstract In this study, we developed software for vehicle big data analysis to analyze the time-series data of connected vehicles. We designed two software modules: The first to derive the Pearson correlation coefficients to analyze the collected data and the second to conduct exploratory data analysis of the collected vehicle data. In particular, we analyzed the dangerous driving patterns of motorists based on the safety standards of the Korea Transportation Safety Authority. We also analyzed seasonal fuel efficiency (four seasons) and mileage of vehicles, and identified rapid acceleration, rapid deceleration, sudden stopping (harsh braking), quick starting,… More >

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1608

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Mohamed Abdel-Basset¹, Rehab Mohamed¹, Mohamed Elhoseny², Mohamed Abouhawash^2,3, Yunyoung Nam^4,*, Nabil M. AbdelAziz¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 2729-2746, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015316 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Blockchain Driven Secure Cyber-Physical Systems)
Abstract Evaluation of commercial banks (CBs) performance has been a significant issue in the financial world and deemed as a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) model. Numerous research assesses CB performance according to different metrics and standers. As a result of uncertainty in decision-making problems and large economic variations in Egypt, this research proposes a plithogenic based model to evaluate Egyptian commercial banks’ performance based on a set of criteria. The proposed model evaluates the top ten Egyptian commercial banks based on three main metrics including financial, customer satisfaction, and qualitative evaluation, and 19 sub-criteria. The proportional… More >

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Ayesha Riaz¹, Naveed Riaz¹, Awais Mahmood^2,*, Sajid Ali Khan³, Imran Mahmood¹, Omar Almutiry², Habib Dhahri²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 2747-2764, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014418 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Unobtrusive systems and wearable technologies for medical applications)
Abstract The COVID-19 outbreak and its medical distancing phenomenon have effectively turned the global healthcare challenge into an opportunity for Telecare Medical Information Systems. Such systems employ the latest mobile and digital technologies and provide several advantages like minimal physical contact between patient and healthcare provider, easy mobility, easy access, consistent patient engagement, and cost-effectiveness. Any leakage or unauthorized access to users’ medical data can have serious consequences for any medical information system. The majority of such systems thus rely on biometrics for authenticated access but biometric systems are also prone to a variety of attacks… More >

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1628

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Nguyễn T. Quyền^1,*, N. Dourado², A. J. P. Gomes^3,4, F. B. N. Ferreira¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 2765-2795, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013164 - 01 March 2021
Abstract The combination of a 4-node quadrilateral mixed interpolation of tensorial components element (MITC4) and the cell-based smoothed finite element method (CSFEM) was formulated and implemented in this work for the analysis of free vibration and unidirectional buckling of shell structures. This formulation was applied to numerous numerical examples of non-woven fabrics. As CSFEM schemes do not require coordinate transformation, spurious modes and numerical instabilities are prevented using bilinear quadrilateral element subdivided into two, three and four smoothing cells. An improvement of the original CSFEM formulation was made regarding the calculation of outward unit normal vectors,… More >

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Youssef El-Hansali¹, Fatma Outay^2,*, Ansar Yasar¹, Siham Farrag^1,3, Muhammad Shoaib⁴, Muhammad Imran⁴, Hammad Hussain Awan⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 2797-2806, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014812 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Machine Learning-based Secured and Privacy-preserved Smart City)
Abstract Enforcement of traffic rules and regulations involves a wide range of complex tasks, many of which demand the use of modern technologies. variable speed limits (VSL) control is to change the current speed limit according to the current traffic situation based on the observed traffic conditions. The aim of this study is to provide a simulation-based methodological framework to evaluate (VSL) as an effective Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) enforcement system. The focus of the study is on measuring the effectiveness of the dynamic traffic control strategy on traffic performance and safety considering various performance indicators… More >

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1826

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SoYeop Yoo, OkRan Jeong^*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 2807-2817, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015634 - 01 March 2021
Abstract People occasionally interact with each other through conversation. In particular, we communicate through dialogue and exchange emotions and information from it. Emotions are essential characteristics of natural language. Conversational artificial intelligence is an integral part of all the technologies that allow computers to communicate like humans. For a computer to interact like a human being, it must understand the emotions inherent in the conversation and generate the appropriate responses. However, existing dialogue systems focus only on improving the quality of understanding natural language or generating natural language, excluding emotions. We propose a chatbot based on… More >

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Jang Hyun Kim^1,2, Dongyan Nan^1,*, Yerin Kim², Min Hyung Park²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 2819-2829, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014922 - 01 March 2021
Abstract As of 2020, the issue of user satisfaction has generated a significant amount of interest. Therefore, we employ a big data approach for exploring user satisfaction among Uber users. We develop a research model of user satisfaction by expanding the list of user experience (UX) elements (i.e., pragmatic, expectation confirmation, hedonic, and burden) by including more elements, namely: risk, cost, promotion, anxiety, sadness, and anger. Subsequently, we collect 125,768 comments from online reviews of Uber services and perform a sentiment analysis to extract the UX elements. The results of a regression analysis reveal the following:… More >

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Sulaiman Khan¹, Shah Nazir¹, Habib Ullah Khan^2,*, Anwar Hussain¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 2831-2844, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015054 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Deep Learning and Parallel Computing for Intelligent and Efficient IoT)
Abstract During the last two decades significant work has been reported in the field of cursive language’s recognition especially, in the Arabic, the Urdu and the Persian languages. The unavailability of such work in the Pashto language is because of: the absence of a standard database and of significant research work that ultimately acts as a big barrier for the research community. The slight change in the Pashto characters’ shape is an additional challenge for researchers. This paper presents an efficient OCR system for the handwritten Pashto characters based on multi-class enabled support vector machine using… More >

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Muhammad Asif Jan^1,*, Yasir Mahmood¹, Hidayat Ullah Khan², Wali Khan Mashwani¹, Muhammad Irfan Uddin³, Marwan Mahmoud⁴, Rashida Adeeb Khanum⁵, Ikramullah⁶, Noor Mast³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 2845-2862, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015294 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Deep Learning and Parallel Computing for Intelligent and Efficient IoT)
Abstract The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is an established nature-inspired population-based meta-heuristic that replicates the synchronizing movements of birds and fish. PSO is essentially an unconstrained algorithm and requires constraint handling techniques (CHTs) to solve constrained optimization problems (COPs). For this purpose, we integrate two CHTs, the superiority of feasibility (SF) and the violation constraint-handling (VCH), with a PSO. These CHTs distinguish feasible solutions from infeasible ones. Moreover, in SF, the selection of infeasible solutions is based on their degree of constraint violations, whereas in VCH, the number of constraint violations by an infeasible solution… More >

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Sharaf J. Malebary¹, Yaser Daanial Khan^2,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 2863-2881, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015041 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Digital Technology and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Dentistry)
Abstract With the advancement in cellular biology, the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) against many drug-resistant pathogens has increased. AMPs have a broad range of activity and can work as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and sometimes even as anticancer peptides. The traditional methods of distinguishing AMPs from non-AMPs are based only on wet-lab experiments. Such experiments are both time-consuming and expensive. With the recent development in bioinformatics more and more researchers are contributing their effort to apply computational models to such problems. This study proposes a prediction algorithm for classifying AMPs and distinguishing between AMPs and non-AMPs.… More >

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1581

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Dah-Jing Jwo^1,*, Jen-Hsien Lai²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 2883-2898, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015102 - 01 March 2021
Abstract This paper investigates the minimum error entropy based extended Kalman filter (MEEKF) for multipath parameter estimation of the Global Positioning System (GPS). The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is designed to give a preliminary estimation of the state. The scheme is designed by introducing an additional term, which is tuned according to the higher order moment of the estimation error. The minimum error entropy criterion is introduced for updating the entropy of the innovation at each time step. According to the stochastic information gradient method, an optimal filer gain matrix is obtained. The mean square error… More >

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F. S. Bayones¹, S. M. Abo-Dahab^2,*, Ahmed E. Abouelregal³, A. Al-Mullise¹, S. Abdel-Khalek^1,4, E. M. Khalil^1,5
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 2899-2913, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012583 - 01 March 2021
Abstract The present paper paper, we estimate the theory of thermoelasticity a thin slim strip under the variable thermal conductivity in the fractional-order form is solved. Thermal stress theory considering the equation of heat conduction based on the time-fractional derivative of Caputo of order α is applied to obtain a solution. We assumed that the strip surface is to be free from traction and impacted by a thermal shock. The transform of Laplace (LT) and numerical inversion techniques of Laplace were considered for solving the governing basic equations. The inverse of the LT was applied in More >

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Saqib Murtaza¹, Farhad Ali^2,3,*, Nadeem Ahmad Sheikh¹, Ilyas Khan⁴, Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 2915-2932, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013757 - 01 March 2021
Abstract The present article aims to examine the heat and mass distribution in a free convection flow of electrically conducted, generalized Jeffrey nanofluid in a heated rotatory system. The flow analysis is considered in the presence of thermal radiation and the transverse magnetic field of strength B₀. The medium is porous accepting generalized Darcy’s law. The motion of the fluid is due to the cosine oscillations of the plate. Nanofluid has been formed by the uniform dispersing of the Silver nanoparticles in regular engine oil. The problem has been modeled in the form of classical partial differential… More >

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Shumaila Azam¹, Nauman Ahmed^1,6, Ali Raza², Muhammad Sajid Iqbal¹, Muhammad Rafiq³, Ilyas Khan^4,*, Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar⁵, Muhammad Ozair Ahmad¹, Zafar Iqbal^1,6
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 2933-2953, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012396 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Mathematical aspects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Analysis and Control)
Abstract Recently, the world is facing the terror of the novel corona-virus, termed as COVID-19. Various health institutes and researchers are continuously striving to control this pandemic. In this article, the SEIAR (susceptible, exposed, infected, symptomatically infected, asymptomatically infected and recovered) infection model of COVID-19 with a constant rate of advection is studied for the disease propagation. A simple model of the disease is extended to an advection model by accommodating the advection process and some appropriate parameters in the system. The continuous model is transposed into a discrete numerical model by discretizing the domains, finitely.… More >

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Sergio Rios-Aguilar^1,2,*, Marta Beltrán², González-Crespo Rubén³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 2955-2969, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014969 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Current trends and Advancements for next-generation secure Industrial IoT)
Abstract Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) and related technologies such as Near Field Communication (NFC) are becoming essential in industrial contexts thanks to their ability to perform contactless data exchange, either device-to-device or tag-to-device. One of the three main operation modes of NFC, called read/write mode, makes use of the latter type of interaction. It is extensively used in business information systems that make use of NFC tags to provide the end-user with augmented information in one of several available NFC data exchange formats, such as plain text, simple URLs or enriched URLs. Using a wide variety… More >

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1924

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Amel A. Alaidrous^*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 2971-2988, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015159 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Role of Computer in Modelling & Solving Real-World Problems)
Abstract In this paper, we study the water-wave flow under a floating body of an incident wave in a fluid. This model simulates the phenomenon of waves abording a floating ship in a vast ocean. The same model, also simulates the phenomenon of fluid-structure interaction of a large ice sheet in waves. According to this method. We divide the region of the problem into three subregions. Solutions, satisfying the equation in the fluid mass and a part of the boundary conditions in each subregion, are given. We obtain such solutions as infinite series including unknown coefficients.… More >

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Md. Jalil Piran¹, Sandeep Verma², Varun G. Menon³, Doug Young Suh^4,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 2989-3007, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015426 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Green IoT Networks using Machine Learning, Deep Learning Models)
Abstract With the explosive advancements in wireless communications and digital electronics, some tiny devices, sensors, became a part of our daily life in numerous fields. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is composed of tiny sensor devices. WSNs have emerged as a key technology enabling the realization of the Internet of Things (IoT). In particular, the sensor-based revolution of WSN-based IoT has led to considerable technological growth in nearly all circles of our life such as smart cities, smart homes, smart healthcare, security applications, environmental monitoring, etc. However, the limitations of energy, communication range, and computational resources are… More >

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Imran Ashraf¹, Waleed S. Alnumay², Rashid Ali³, Soojung Hur¹, Ali Kashif Bashir⁴, Yousaf Bin Zikria^1,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3009-3044, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015140 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Artificial Intelligence and Healthcare Analytics for COVID-19)
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has caused hundreds of thousands of deaths, millions of infections worldwide, and the loss of trillions of dollars for many large economies. It poses a grave threat to the human population with an excessive number of patients constituting an unprecedented challenge with which health systems have to cope. Researchers from many domains have devised diverse approaches for the timely diagnosis of COVID-19 to facilitate medical responses. In the same vein, a wide variety of research studies have investigated underlying medical conditions for indicators suggesting the severity and mortality of, and role of… More >

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K. Lakshminarayanan¹, N. Muthukumaran¹, Y. Harold Robinson², Vimal Shanmuganathan³, Seifedine Kadry⁴, Yunyoung Nam^5,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3045-3055, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014370 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Intelligent Decision Support Systems for Complex Healthcare Applications)
Abstract Hookworm is an illness caused by an internal sponger called a roundworm. Inferable from deprived cleanliness in the developing nations, hookworm infection is a primary source of concern for both motherly and baby grimness. The current framework for hookworm detection is composed of hybrid convolutional neural networks; explicitly an edge extraction framework alongside a hookworm classification framework is developed. To consolidate the cylindrical zones obtained from the edge extraction framework and the trait map acquired into the hookworm scientific categorization framework, pooling layers are proposed. The hookworms display different profiles, widths, and bend directions. These More >

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Ji-Sung Jung¹, Won-Seok Lee¹, Yeong-Rong Lee¹, Jaeho Kim², Hyoung-Kyu Song^1,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3057-3070, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015673 - 01 March 2021
Abstract Massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) has become essential for the increase of capacity as the millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication is considered. Also, hybrid beamforming systems have been studied since full-digital beamforming is impractical due to high cost and power consumption of the radio frequency (RF) chains. This paper proposes a hybrid beamforming scheme to improve the spectral efficiency for multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) systems. In a frequency selective fading environment, hybrid beamforming schemes suffer from performance degradation since the analog precoder performs the same precoding for all subcarriers. To mitigate performance degradation, this paper uses the… More >

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1756

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Hyun Ahn, Kwanghoon Pio Kim^*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3071-3088, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015280 - 01 March 2021
Abstract Workflow management technologies have been dramatically improving their deployment architectures and systems along with the evolution and proliferation of cloud distributed computing environments. Especially, such cloud computing environments ought to be providing a suitable distributed computing paradigm to deploy very large-scale workflow processes and applications with scalable on-demand services. In this paper, we focus on the distribution paradigm and its deployment formalism for such very large-scale workflow applications being deployed and enacted across the multiple and heterogeneous cloud computing environments. We propose a formal approach to vertically as well as horizontally fragment very large-scale workflow… More >

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1267

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Heyam H. Al-Baity^*, Nourah Al-Mutlaq
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3089-3106, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015291 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: AI, IoT, Blockchain Assisted Intelligent Solutions to Medical and Healthcare Systems)
Abstract Machine-learning algorithms have been widely used in breast cancer diagnosis to help pathologists and physicians in the decision-making process. However, the high dimensionality of genetic data makes the classification process a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a new optimized wrapper gene selection method that is based on a nature-inspired algorithm (simulated annealing (SA)), which will help select the most informative genes for breast cancer prediction. These optimal genes will then be used to train the classifier to improve its accuracy and efficiency. Three supervised machine-learning algorithms, namely, the support vector machine, the decision… More >

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2130

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Ishu Anand¹, Himani Negi¹, Deepika Kumar¹, Mamta Mittal², Tai-hoon Kim^3,*, Sudipta Roy⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3107-3127, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014229 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Deep Learning Trends in Intelligent Systems)
Abstract Breast cancer positions as the most well-known threat and the main source of malignant growth-related morbidity and mortality throughout the world. It is apical of all new cancer incidences analyzed among females. Two features substantially influence the classification accuracy of malignancy and benignity in automated cancer diagnostics. These are the precision of tumor segmentation and appropriateness of extracted attributes required for the diagnosis. In this research, the authors have proposed a ResU-Net (Residual U-Network) model for breast tumor segmentation. The proposed methodology renders augmented, and precise identification of tumor regions and produces accurate breast tumor… More >

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Nadia Tabassum¹, Allah Ditta², Tahir Alyas³, Sagheer Abbas⁴, Hani Alquhayz⁵, Natash Ali Mian⁶, Muhammad Adnan Khan^7,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3129-3141, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014729 - 01 March 2021
Abstract Cloud computing is becoming popular technology due to its functional properties and variety of customer-oriented services over the Internet. The design of reliable and high-quality cloud applications requires a strong Quality of Service QoS parameter metric. In a hyperconverged cloud ecosystem environment, building high-reliability cloud applications is a challenging job. The selection of cloud services is based on the QoS parameters that play essential roles in optimizing and improving cloud rankings. The emergence of cloud computing is significantly reshaping the digital ecosystem, and the numerous services offered by cloud service providers are playing a vital… More >

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S. M. Atiqure Rahman^1,*, Hegazy Rezk^2,3, Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem^1,4, M. Enamul Hoque⁵, Tariq Mahbub⁶, Sheikh Khaleduzzaman Shah⁷, Ahmed M. Nassef^2,8
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3143-3160, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015048 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Emerging Computational Intelligence Technologies for Software Engineering: Paradigms, Principles and Applications)
Abstract The main goal of this research is to develop and apply a robust Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) model for predicting the characteristics of the osmotically drying treated potato and apple samples as a model heat-sensitive product in vacuum contact dryer. Concentrated salt and sugar solutions were used as the osmotic solutions at 27C. Series of experiments were performed at various temperatures of 35C, 40C, and 55C for conduction heat input under vacuum ( −760 mm Hg) condition. Some experiments were also performed in a pure vacuum without heat addition. Dimensionless moisture content (DMC), effective moisture… More >

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1450

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Osama M. Abu Zaid^1,*, Medhat A. Tawfeek^2,3, Saad Alanazi²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3161-3176, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015175 - 01 March 2021
Abstract This research presents, and clarifies the application of two permutation algorithms, based on chaotic map systems, and applied to a file of speech signals. They are the Arnold cat map-based permutation algorithm, and the Baker’s chaotic map-based permutation algorithm. Both algorithms are implemented on the same speech signal sample. Then, both the premier and the encrypted file histograms are documented and plotted. The speech signal amplitude values with time signals of the original file are recorded and plotted against the encrypted and decrypted files. Furthermore, the original file is plotted against the encrypted file, using… More >

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Carlos Andrés Tavera Romero^1,*, Jesus Hamilton Ortiz², Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf³, Andrea Ríos Prado⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3177-3188, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014738 - 01 March 2021
Abstract Multiple customer data management has become a focus of attention in big organizations. Although much information is available, it does not translate into significant profitable value-added services. We present a design of a commercial web application based on business intelligence that generates information on social and financial behavior of clients in an organization; with the purpose of obtain additional information that allows to get more profits. This app will provide a broader perspective for making strategic decisions to increase profits and reduce internal investment costs. A case in point is the financial sector, a group… More >

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Adeeb Salh¹, Lukman Audah^1,*, Qazwan Abdullah¹, Nor Shahida M. Shah², Shipun A. Hamzah¹, Shahilah Nordin³, Nabil Farah²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3189-3214, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014746 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advanced 5G Communication System for Transforming Health Care)
Abstract Energy efficiency (EE) is a critical design when taking into account circuit power consumption (CPC) in fifth-generation cellular networks. These problems arise because of the increasing number of antennas in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, attributable to inter-cell interference for channel state information. Apart from that, a higher number of radio frequency (RF) chains at the base station and active users consume more power due to the processing activities in digital-to-analogue converters and power amplifiers. Therefore, antenna selection, user selection, optimal transmission power, and pilot reuse power are important aspects in improving energy efficiency in… More >

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Muhammad Farman¹, Aqeel Ahmad¹, Ali Akgül^2,*, Muhammad Umer Saleem³, Muhammad Naeem⁴, Dumitru Baleanu^5,6,7
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3215-3227, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014006 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Mathematical aspects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Analysis and Control)
Abstract Today, coronavirus appears as a serious challenge to the whole world. Epidemiological data of coronavirus is collected through media and web sources for the purpose of analysis. New data on COVID-19 are available daily, yet information about the biological aspects of SARS-CoV-2 and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 remains limited, and uncertainty remains around nearly all its parameters’ values. This research provides the scientific and public health communities better resources, knowledge, and tools to improve their ability to control the infectious diseases. Using the publicly available data on the ongoing pandemic, the present study investigates the… More >

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Ishaani Priyadarshini^1,*, Pinaki Ranjan Mohanty², Chase Cotton¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3229-3247, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015250 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Emerging Computational Intelligence Technologies for Software Engineering: Paradigms, Principles and Applications)
Abstract Technological advancement has contributed immensely to human life and society. Technologies like industrial robots, artificial intelligence, and machine learning are advancing at a rapid pace. While the evolution of Artificial Intelligence has contributed significantly to the development of personal assistants, automated drones, smart home devices, etc., it has also raised questions about the much-anticipated point in the future where machines may develop intelligence that may be equal to or greater than humans, a term that is popularly known as Technological Singularity. Although technological singularity promises great benefits, past research works on Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems… More >

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Thi Xuan Tran¹, Xuan Phuong Nguyen², Duong Nam Nguyen³, Dinh Toai Vu¹, Minh Quang Chau⁴, Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf⁵, Anh Tuan Hoang^6,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3249-3264, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015411 - 01 March 2021
Abstract Currently, the 65Mn steel is quenched mainly by oil media. Even though the lower cooling rate of oil compared to water reduces the hardness of steel post quenching, the deforming and cracking of parts are often minimized. On the other hand, the oil media also has the disadvantage of being flammable, creating smoke that adversely affects the media. The poly alkylene glycol (PAG) polymer quenchant is commonly used for quenching a variety of steels based on its advantages such as non-flammability and flexible cooling rate subjected to varying concentration and stirring speed. This article examines… More >

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Ehab Nabiel Al-Khanak^1,*, Sai Peck Lee², Saif Ur Rehman Khan³, Navid Behboodian⁴, Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf⁵, Alexander Verbraeck⁶, Hans van Lint¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3265-3282, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015409 - 01 March 2021
Abstract Scientific Workflow Applications (SWFAs) can deliver collaborative tools useful to researchers in executing large and complex scientific processes. Particularly, Scientific Workflow Scheduling (SWFS) accelerates the computational procedures between the available computational resources and the dependent workflow jobs based on the researchers’ requirements. However, cost optimization is one of the SWFS challenges in handling massive and complicated tasks and requires determining an approximate (near-optimal) solution within polynomial computational time. Motivated by this, current work proposes a novel SWFS cost optimization model effective in solving this challenge. The proposed model contains three main stages: (i) scientific workflow… More >

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Arun Kumar¹, Mahmoud A. Albreem², Mohammed H. Alsharif³, Abu Jahid⁴, Peerapong Uthansakul^5,*, Jamel Nebhen⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3283-3292, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015470 - 01 March 2021
Abstract Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a strong contender multicarrier waveform technique for the fifth generation (5G) communication system. The high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is a serious concern in designing the NOMA waveform. However, the arrangement of NOMA is different from the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. Thus, traditional reduction methods cannot be applied to NOMA. A partial transmission sequence (PTS) is commonly utilized to minimize the PAPR of the transmitting NOMA symbol. The choice phase aspect in the PTS is the only non-linear optimization obstacle that creates a huge computational complication due to the respective… More >

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Petre Anghelescu^*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3293-3310, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015495 - 01 March 2021
Abstract This paper describes an efficient solution to parallelize software program instructions, regardless of the programming language in which they are written. We solve the problem of the optimal distribution of a set of instructions on available processors. We propose a genetic algorithm to parallelize computations, using evolution to search the solution space. The stages of our proposed genetic algorithm are: The choice of the initial population and its representation in chromosomes, the crossover, and the mutation operations customized to the problem being dealt with. In this paper, genetic algorithms are applied to the entire search… More >

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Yang Yang, Haiyan Liu^*, Jianlin Zhou
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3311-3327, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014628 - 01 March 2021
Abstract With COVID-19 continuing to rage around the world, there is a spread of epidemic-related information on social networking platforms. This phenomenon may inhibit or promote the scale of epidemic transmission. This study constructed a double-layer epidemic spreading–information dissemination network based on the movements of individuals across regions to analyze the dynamic evolution and coupling mechanism of information dissemination and epidemic transmission. We also proposed measures to control the spread of the epidemic by analyzing the factors affecting dynamic transmission. We constructed a state probability equation based on Markov chain theory and performed Monte Carlo simulations… More >

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Emad-ul-Haq Qazi, Muhammad Hussain^*, Hatim A. AboAlsamh
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3329-3348, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013589 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: AI, IoT, Blockchain Assisted Intelligent Solutions to Medical and Healthcare Systems)
Abstract The detection of alcoholism is of great importance due to its effects on individuals and society. Automatic alcoholism detection system (AADS) based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is effective, but the design of a robust AADS is a challenging problem. AADS’ current designs are based on conventional, hand-engineered methods and restricted performance. Driven by the excellent deep learning (DL) success in many recognition tasks, we implement an AAD system based on EEG signals using DL. A DL model requires huge number of learnable parameters and also needs a large dataset of EEG signals for training which… More >

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1759

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Xiaoliang Wang¹, Xinhui She¹, Liang Bai^2,*, Yang Qing¹, Frank Jiang³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3349-3361, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012454 - 01 March 2021
Abstract The vehicular cloud computing is an emerging technology that changes vehicle communication and underlying traffic management applications. However, cloud computing has disadvantages such as high delay, low privacy and high communication cost, which can not meet the needs of real-time interactive information of Internet of vehicles. Ensuring security and privacy in Internet of Vehicles is also regarded as one of its most important challenges. Therefore, in order to ensure the user information security and improve the real-time of vehicle information interaction, this paper proposes an anonymous authentication scheme based on edge computing. In this scheme,… More >

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R. Mangayarkarasi¹, C. Vanmathi^1,*, Mohammad Zubair Khan², Abdulfattah Noorwali³, Rachit Jain⁴, Priyansh Agarwal⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3363-3380, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014991 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Machine Learning-based Intelligent Systems: Theories, Algorithms, and Applications)
Abstract Urbanization affects the quality of the air, which has drastically degraded in the past decades. Air quality level is determined by measures of several air pollutant concentrations. To create awareness among people, an automation system that forecasts the quality is needed. The COVID-19 pandemic and the restrictions it has imposed on anthropogenic activities have resulted in a drop in air pollution in various cities in India. The overall air quality index (AQI) at any particular time is given as the maximum band for any pollutant. PM2.5 is a fine particulate matter of a size less… More >

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Muhammad Attique Khan¹, Abdul Majid¹, Nazar Hussain¹, Majed Alhaisoni², Yu-Dong Zhang³, Seifedine Kadry⁴, Yunyoung Nam^5,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3381-3399, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014983 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: AI, IoT, Blockchain Assisted Intelligent Solutions to Medical and Healthcare Systems)
Abstract In the area of medical image processing, stomach cancer is one of the most important cancers which need to be diagnose at the early stage. In this paper, an optimized deep learning method is presented for multiple stomach disease classification. The proposed method work in few important steps—preprocessing using the fusion of filtering images along with Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), deep transfer learning-based features extraction, optimization of deep extracted features using nature-inspired algorithms, and finally fusion of optimal vectors and classification using Multi-Layered Perceptron Neural Network (MLNN). In the feature extraction step, pre-trained Inception V3… More >

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Mahmoud Higazy^1,2,*, Taher A. Nofal¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3401-3418, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015790 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Role of Computer in Modelling & Solving Real-World Problems)
Abstract The detection of error and its correction is an important area of mathematics that is vastly constructed in all communication systems. Furthermore, combinatorial design theory has several applications like detecting or correcting errors in communication systems. Network (graph) designs (GDs) are introduced as a generalization of the symmetric balanced incomplete block designs (BIBDs) that are utilized directly in the above mentioned application. The networks (graphs) have been represented by vectors whose entries are the labels of the vertices related to the lengths of edges linked to it. Here, a general method is proposed and applied… More >

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Lyk Yin Tan^*, Hock Guan Goh, Soung-Yue Liew, Shen Khang Teoh
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3419-3432, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015402 - 01 March 2021
Abstract Data collection using a mobile sink in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has received much attention in recent years owing to its potential to reduce the energy consumption of sensor nodes and thus enhancing the lifetime of the WSN. However, a critical issue of this approach is the latency of data to reach the base station. Although many data collection algorithms have been introduced in the literature to reduce delays in data delivery, their performances are affected by the flight trajectory taken by the mobile sink, which might not be optimized yet. This paper proposes… More >

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Sa Math¹, Prohim Tam¹, Seokhoon Kim^2,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3433-3450, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015490 - 01 March 2021
Abstract In the Next Generation Radio Networks (NGRN), there will be extreme massive connectivity with the Heterogeneous Internet of Things (HetIoT) devices. The millimeter-Wave (mmWave) communications will become a potential core technology to increase the capacity of Radio Networks (RN) and enable Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) of Radio Remote Head (RRH) technology. However, the challenging key issues in unfair radio resource handling remain unsolved when massive requests are occurring concurrently. The imbalance of resource utilization is one of the main issues occurs when there is overloaded connectivity to the closest RRH receiving exceeding requests. To handle… More >

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Samreen Naeem¹, Wali Khan Mashwani^2,*, Aqib Ali^1,3, M. Irfan Uddin⁴, Marwan Mahmoud⁵, Farrukh Jamal⁶, Christophe Chesneau⁷
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3451-3461, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015872 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Deep Learning and Parallel Computing for Intelligent and Efficient IoT)
Abstract This study proposes an approach based on machine learning to forecast currency exchange rates by applying sentiment analysis to messages on Twitter (called tweets). A dataset of the exchange rates between the United States Dollar (USD) and the Pakistani Rupee (PKR) was formed by collecting information from a forex website as well as a collection of tweets from the business community in Pakistan containing finance-related words. The dataset was collected in raw form, and was subjected to natural language processing by way of data preprocessing. Response variable labeling was then applied to the standardized dataset,… More >

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Amr M. S. Mahdy^1,2,*, Mahmoud Higazy^1,3, Mohamed S. Mohamed^1,4
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3463-3486, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015161 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Role of Computer in Modelling & Solving Real-World Problems)
Abstract In this article, the reduced differential transform method is introduced to solve the nonlinear fractional model of Tumor-Immune. The fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo sense. The solutions derived using this method are easy and very accurate. The model is given by its signal flow diagram. Moreover, a simulation of the system by the Simulink of MATLAB is given. The disease-free equilibrium and stability of the equilibrium point are calculated. Formulation of a fractional optimal control for the cancer model is calculated. In addition, to control the system, we propose a novel modification of… More >

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1709

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Ahmed Talal, Osama Abu-Elnasr^*, Samir Elmougy
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3487-3503, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015759 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Interval Arithmetic with Applications to Physical Phenomena)
Abstract Due to the demand of high computational speed for processing big data that requires complex data manipulations in a timely manner, the need for extending classical logic to construct new multi-valued optical models becomes a challenging and promising research area. This paper establishes a novel octal-valued logic design model with new optical gates construction based on the hypothesis of Light Color State Model to provide an efficient solution to the limitations of computational processing inherent in the electronics computing. We provide new mathematical definitions for both of the binary OR function and the PLUS operation More >

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Maryam Shafiq¹, Humaira Ashraf¹, Ata Ullah², Mehedi Masud³, Muhammad Azeem², N. Z. Jhanjhi^4,*, Mamoona Humayun⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3505-3521, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015533 - 01 March 2021
Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) is gaining attention because of its broad applicability, especially by integrating smart devices for massive communication during sensing tasks. IoT-assisted Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are suitable for various applications like industrial monitoring, agriculture, and transportation. In this regard, routing is challenging to find an efficient path using smart devices for transmitting the packets towards big data repositories while ensuring efficient energy utilization. This paper presents the Robust Cluster Based Routing Protocol (RCBRP) to identify the routing paths where less energy is consumed to enhances the network lifespan. The scheme is… More >

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Andrea Sant¹, Lalit Garg^1,*, Peter Xuereb¹, Chinmay Chakraborty²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3523-3544, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015265 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Green IoT Networks using Machine Learning, Deep Learning Models)
Abstract The better management of resources and the potential improvement in traffic congestion via reducing the orbiting time for parking spaces is crucial in a smart city, particularly those with an uneven correlation between the increase in vehicles and infrastructure. This paper proposes and analyses a novel green IoT-based Pay-As-You-Go (PAYG) smart parking system by utilizing unused garage parking spaces. The article also presents an intelligent system that offers the most favorable prices to its users by matching private garages’ pricing portfolio with a garage’s current demand. Malta, the world’s fourth-most densely populated country, is considered More >

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Muhammad Saad¹, Maaz Bin Ahmad¹, Muhammad Asif^2,*, Khalid Masood², Mohammad A. Al Ghamdi³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3545-3562, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015720 - 01 March 2021
Abstract Social distancing and self-isolation management are crucial preventive measures that can save millions of lives during challenging pandemics of diseases such as the Spanish flu, swine flu, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study describes the comprehensive and effective implementation of the Industrial Internet of Things and machine-to-machine technologies for social distancing and smart self-isolation management. These technologies can help prevent outbreaks of any disease that can disperse widely and develop into a pandemic. Initially, a smart wristband is proposed that incorporates Bluetooth beacon technology to facilitate the tracing and tracking of Bluetooth Low Energy… More >

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Rabie A. Ramadan^1,2,*, Bassam W. Aboshosha³, Kusum Yadav¹, Ibrahim M. Alseadoon¹, Munawar J. Kashout¹, Mohamed Elhoseny^4,5
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3563-3579, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015519 - 01 March 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Emerging Trends in Cyber Security for Communication Networks)
Abstract With the new era of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, many devices with limited resources are utilized. Those devices are susceptible to a significant number of new malware and other risks emerging rapidly. One of the most appropriate methods for securing those IoT applications is cryptographic algorithms, as cryptography masks information by eliminating the risk of collecting any meaningful information patterns. This ensures that all data communications are private, accurate, authenticated, authorized, or non-repudiated. Since conventional cryptographic algorithms have been developed specifically for devices with limited resources; however, it turns out that such algorithms… More >

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