Disease relevance of Reaction Time

• Patients were assessed using a modified UCLA Parkinson Rating Scale of symptoms and signs, and neuropsychological testing including the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, Wechsler Memory Scale, modified Thurstone Word Fluency Test, Wisconsin Card Sort, a test of visual vigilance, and a reaction time task [1].
• Effect of the dopamine D2 receptor T allele on response latency after mild traumatic brain injury [2].
• Under the conditions comprising 2.0 x 10(-3) M labeling reagent and 1.0 x 10(-5) M human lysozyme at pH 5.4, 37 degrees C, the reaction time required to reduce the lytic activity against Micrococcus luteus cells to 50% of its initial activity was lengthened by 3.7 times through the substitution of the nonreducing end sugar residue, GlcNAc to Gal [3].
• CONCLUSIONS: Subtle changes in motor function, speed of movement, and reaction time are present in HD gene carriers who do not exhibit definite choreiform movements and who do not have sufficient signs to make a clinical diagnosis of HD [4].
• Dopamine dependent reaction time deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease are task specific [5].

Psychiatry related information on Reaction Time

• Neuropsychological tests included the Trails B Test, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, memory subtest of the Randt battery, and reaction time [6].
• Psychometric tests, including choice reaction time (CRT) and number connection test, were performed before and after glutamine, together with electroencephalography and blood ammonia [7].
• CSF-MHPG, the major metabolite of norepinephrine, correlated with the continuous performance task and reaction time in all parkinsonians, and those with bradyphrenia had the highest CSF-MHPG levels [8].
• Hydergine effect on prolactin and reaction time in dementia [9].
• Four skills performance (psychomotor) tasks, including simple and choice reaction time, divided attention, and vigilance, were given to 99 chronic insomniacs to determine whether the use of midazolam 15 mg, or of flurazepam 15 or 30 mg, compared with placebo would produce next-day impairment throughout a 14-day treatment period [10].

High impact information on Reaction Time

• The many cellular effects of phorbol esters include the stimulation of glucose uptake, although the response of glucose uptake to phorbol esters appears to be complex, apparently varying in response time and requirement for protein synthesis [11].
• Human simple reaction times and magnitude estimates of taste intensity increased as the duration of 500-millimolar sodium chloride or 2-millimolar saccharin sodium pulses lengthened from 100 to 1000 milliseconds [12].
• A metric for thought: a comparison of P300 latency and reaction time [13].
• In a discriminative reaction time test, caffeine treatment improved performance [14].
• The influence of substance P on nociception depended on the individual mouse's sensitivity to pain (control response latency) [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Reaction Time

• Here, we measure the response time of the C2 domains of synaptotagmin to determine whether synaptotagmin is fast enough to function as a Ca2+ sensor for rapid exocytosis [16].
• All patients showed clinical improvement as documented by decreased stool output and ability to be weaned off parenteral nutrition; response time ranged from 1 to 4 months after tacrolimus was begun [17].
• Haloperidol (mean dose, 2.95 mg/day) caused significant decreases in Porteus Maze test quotient scores and a slowing of reaction time (RT) on a simple RT task [18].
• Mean response time to the blocking vehicle was slowest after alcohol use (2.21 seconds) compared with fexofenadine use (1.95 seconds) [19].
• A striking aspect of the reaction time course is that rapid O2-binding and trapping chemistry is followed by a progressive slowing down of succeeding steps in the process, which allows the various transient species to build up to concentrations sufficient for their detection by our time-resolved techniques [20].

Biological context of Reaction Time

• Dopamine agonists or precursors improved the accuracy and reaction times of saccades in all directions, but not their velocity [21].
• Oxygen uptake (VO(2)) kinetics were defined as oxygen deficit (DeltaVO(2) x time [rest to steady state] - Sigma VO(2) [rest to steady state]) and mean response time (MRT = oxygen-deficit/DeltaVO(2)) [22].
• The present study extends prior pharmacogenetic investigations of the D(2) receptor gene (DRD2) by examining, in first-episode schizophrenia patients, promoter region variation as a predictor of response time to two first-line atypical antipsychotics [23].
• Epidemiologists have suggested that neuropsychological deficits such as slowing of reaction time, loss of color vision, and vestibulooculomotor dysfunction are reliably induced by styrene at levels near or below current exposure standards, which range from 20 to 50 ppm in most of the world [24].
• On three test days-one, 45, and 90-mean peak responses for forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity and mean area under the time-response curve were higher for ipratropium than for metaproterenol [25].

Anatomical context of Reaction Time

• Although both vomeronasal nerve cuts and olfactory bulb cuts resulted in a more rapid onset of maternal care, relative to control animals with sham operations, animals sustaining the loss of both sources of olfactory input exhibited the shortest response latency [26].
• Depletion of dopamine in the caudate nucleus but not in nucleus accumbens impairs reaction-time performance in rats [27].
• The aim of the present study was to clarify the role of the basal forebrain (BF)-cortical cholinergic system in visual attentional function by investigating the effect of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-induced lesions of the basal forebrain on performance of a five-choice serial reaction time task [28].
• GABA shapes a topographic organization of response latency in the mustache bat's inferior colliculus [29].
• The relative contributions of the medial and lateral caudate putamen to performance of a visual reaction time task were compared by examining the effects of unilateral ibotenate-induced lesions to these regions in the rat [30].

Gene context of Reaction Time

• Despite the same severity of symptoms on parent and teacher ratings for the ADHD subgroups, the average reaction times of the 7-present subgroup showed normal speed and variability of response whereas the average reaction times of the 7-absent subgroup showed the expected abnormalities (slow and variable responses) [31].
• Surprisingly, on the hot plate (55 degrees C), the COX-1-deficient heterozygous groups showed less nociception, because mean reaction time was longer than that for controls [32].
• Moreover, the time response of the stimulation of trans-acting factor binding by EGF suggests that the effect is directly due to growth factor and not mediated by changes in growth state [33].
• HBP23 was constitutively expressed in KC and up-regulated on the protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) level by LPS with a time response distinct from that of TNFalpha, but in coordination with that of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which is the inducible isoform of the rate-limiting enzyme of heme degradation [34].
• Differential expression of hDIPP isoforms may provide flexibility in response times of the molecular switches [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Reaction Time

• Following glutamine challenge there was a significant increase in blood ammonia from a mean fasting value ranging between 58 micromol/L to 120 micromol/L (P < .01), between significant prolongation of reaction times of 387 ms to 428 ms (P < .01), and an increase in mean EEG amplitude between 68.5 microV to 78.6 microV (P < .001) [36].
• The results of the study support the view that bradykinetic-rigid syndromes involve some attentional deficits, but also have distinct reaction time and ERP characteristics, which may be helpful in differential diagnosis [37].
• Formation mechanism of H2Ti3O7 nanotubes by single-step reaction of crystalline TiO2 and NaOH has been investigated via transmission electron microscopy examinations of series specimens with different reaction times and extensive ab initio calculations [38].
• We compared osteoclast acid phosphatase (APase) activity in fresh frozen sections of neonatal rat calvaria using two different reaction methods; one is commonly employed for qualitative histochemistry and includes alpha naphthyl phosphate as substrate, simultaneous coupling to the chromagen Fast Garnet, and a 30-minute reaction time (method A) [39].
• To assess the differential effect of these antihistamines on reaction times and subjective symptoms, we compared terfenadine, 60 mg twice daily, to hydroxyzine, 25 mg twice daily, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of 16 healthy, asymptomatic adults [40].