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Steering perovskite precursor solutions for multijunction photovoltaics

Nature (2024)Cite this article

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Abstract

Multijunction photovoltaics (PVs) are gaining prominence owing to their superior capability of achieving power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) beyond the radiative limit of single-junction cells1-8, where improving narrow bandgap tin–lead perovskites is critical for thin-film devices9. With a focus on understanding the chemistry of tin–lead perovskite precursor solutions, we herein find that Sn(II) species dominate interactions with precursors and additives and uncover the exclusive role of carboxylic acid in regulating solution colloidal properties and film crystallisation, and ammonium in improving film optoelectronic properties. Materials that combine these two function groups, amino acid salts, considerably improve the semiconducting quality and homogeneity of perovskite films, surpassing the effect of the individual functional groups when introduced as part of separate molecules. Our enhanced tin–lead perovskite layer allows us to fabricate solar cells with PCEs of 23.9, 29.7 (certified 29.26%), and 28.7% for single-, double-, and triple-junction devices, respectively. Our 1-cm2 triple-junction devices show PCEs of 28.4% (certified 27.28%). Encapsulated triple-junction cells maintain 80% of their initial efficiencies after 860 h maximum power point tracking in ambient. We further fabricate quadruple-junction devices and obtain PCEs of 27.9% with the highest open-circuit voltage of 4.94 V. This work establishes a new benchmark for multijunction PVs.

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Author information

Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally: Shuaifeng Hu, Junke Wang

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    Shuaifeng Hu, Junke Wang, Pei Zhao, Florine Rombach, Akash Dasgupta, Manuel Kober-Czerny, James N. Drysdale, Joel A. Smith, Zhongcheng Yuan, M. Greyson Christoforo, James M. Ball, David P. McMeekin, Karl-Augustin Zaininger, Nakita K. Noel & Henry J. Snaith

  2. Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan

    Shuaifeng Hu, Jorge Pascual, Wentao Liu, Minh Anh Truong, Silver-Hamill Turren-Cruz & Atsushi Wakamiya

  3. Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Japan

    Pei Zhao & Masahiro Ehara

  4. Polymat, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain

    Jorge Pascual

  5. Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, China

    Jianan Wang, He Zhu, Zonghao Liu & Wei Chen

  6. Optics Valley Laboratory, <City>, Hubei, China

    Jianan Wang, He Zhu, Zonghao Liu & Wei Chen

  7. Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

    Guus J. W. Aalbers, Nick R. M. Schipper & René A. J. Janssen

  8. National Thin Film Cluster Facility for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    Jin Yao

  9. RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama, Japan

    Kyohei Nakano & Keisuke Tajima

  10. Instituto de Ciencia de los Materiales (ICMUV), Universitat de Valencia, Paterna, Spain

    Silver-Hamill Turren-Cruz

  11. Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, AG NMR, Berlin, Germany

    André Dallmann

  12. Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

    René A. J. Janssen

Authors
  1. Shuaifeng Hu
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  2. Junke Wang
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  3. Pei Zhao
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  4. Jorge Pascual
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  5. Jianan Wang
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  6. Florine Rombach
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  7. Akash Dasgupta
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  8. Wentao Liu
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  9. Minh Anh Truong
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  11. Manuel Kober-Czerny
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  12. James N. Drysdale
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  13. Joel A. Smith
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  14. Zhongcheng Yuan
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  15. Guus J. W. Aalbers
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  16. Nick R. M. Schipper
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  17. Jin Yao
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  18. Kyohei Nakano
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  19. Silver-Hamill Turren-Cruz
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  20. André Dallmann
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  21. M. Greyson Christoforo
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  22. James M. Ball
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  23. David P. McMeekin
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  24. Karl-Augustin Zaininger
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  25. Zonghao Liu
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  26. Nakita K. Noel
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  27. Keisuke Tajima
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  28. Wei Chen
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  29. Masahiro Ehara
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  30. René A. J. Janssen
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  31. Atsushi Wakamiya
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  32. Henry J. Snaith
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Shuaifeng Hu, Atsushi Wakamiya or Henry J. Snaith.

Supplementary information

Supplementary Information

Supplementary Information, including Supplementary Figures 1-61, Supplementary Tables 1-3, and Supplementary References.

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Hu, S., Wang, J., Zhao, P. et al. Steering perovskite precursor solutions for multijunction photovoltaics. Nature (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08546-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08546-y

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