[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/
You seem to have javascript disabled. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled.
 
 
Sign in to use this feature.

Years

Between: -

Subjects

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline

Journals

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline

Article Types

Countries / Regions

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline

Search Results (50,620)

Search Parameters:
Keywords = adult

Order results
Result details
Results per page
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
14 pages, 1295 KiB  
Article
Resilience of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats to Secondary Insults After Traumatic Brain Injury: Immediate Seizures, Survival, and Stress Response
by Ilia Komoltsev, Olga Kostyunina, Pavel Kostrukov, Daria Bashkatova, Daria Shalneva, Stepan Frankevich, Olga Salyp, Natalia Shirobokova, Aleksandra Volkova, Aleksandra Soloveva, Margarita Novikova and Natalia Gulyaeva
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(2), 829; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26020829 (registering DOI) - 19 Jan 2025
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the primary causes of mortality and disability, with arterial blood pressure being an important factor in the clinical management of TBI. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), widely used as a model of essential hypertension and vascular dementia, [...] Read more.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the primary causes of mortality and disability, with arterial blood pressure being an important factor in the clinical management of TBI. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), widely used as a model of essential hypertension and vascular dementia, demonstrate dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, which may contribute to glucocorticoid-mediated hippocampal damage. The aim of this study was to assess acute post-TBI seizures, delayed mortality, and hippocampal pathology in SHRs and normotensive Sprague Dawley rats (SDRs). Male adult SDRs and SHRs were subjected to lateral fluid-percussion injury. Immediate seizures were video recorded, corticosterone (CS) was measured in blood plasma throughout the study, and hippocampal morphology assessed 3 months post-TBI. Acute and remote survival rates were significantly higher in the SHRs compared to the SDRs (overall mortality 0% and 58%, respectively). Immediate seizure duration predicted acute but not remote mortality. TBI did not affect blood CS in the SHRs, while the CS level was transiently elevated in the SDRs, predicting remote mortality. Neuronal cell loss in the polymorph layer of ipsilateral dentate gyrus was found in both the SDRs and SHRs, while thinning of hippocampal pyramidal and granular cell layers were strain- and area-specific. No remote effects of TBI on the density of astrocytes or microglia were revealed. SHRs possess a unique resilience to TBI as compared with normotensive SDRs. SHRs show shorter immediate seizures and reduced CS response to the injury, suggesting the development of long-term adaptative mechanisms associated with chronic hypertension. Though remote post-traumatic hippocampal damage in ipsilateral dentate gyrus is obvious in both SHRs and SDRs, the data imply that physiological adaptations to high blood pressure in SHRs may be protective, preventing TBI-induced mortality but not hippocampal neurodegeneration. Understanding the mechanisms of resilience to TBI may also help improve clinical recommendations for patients with hypertension. Limitation: since more than a half of the SDRs with prolonged immediate seizures or elevated CS 3 days after TBI have died, survivorship bias might hamper correct interpretation of the data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Epilepsy—3rd Edition)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Acute and remote mortality in SDRs and SHRs. (<b>A</b>) The proportion of acute and remote mortality in SDRs and SHRs; ###—<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001, χ<sup>2</sup> test. (<b>B</b>) Survival curves according to the Kaplan–Meier method; <span class="html-italic">p</span> = 0.001. SHRs: TBI group n = 15 and SDRs: TBI group n = 26.</p>
Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Immediate seizures in SHRs and SDRs and prediction of acute mortality. The durations of seizures (<b>A</b>), apnea (<b>B</b>), and recovery of pose (<b>C</b>) were shorter in SHRs, while rats with paw cyanosis (<b>D</b>) were absent in the SHR group. (<b>E</b>) The duration of seizures immediately after TBI was longer in the SDRs that died within 10 min after LFPI. (<b>F</b>) The duration of apnea and (<b>G</b>) recovery of pain sensitivity was longer in the SDRs that died. (<b>H</b>) ROC analysis: the duration of immediate seizures predicted acute mortality. For (<b>E</b>–<b>H</b>), mixed SDRs + SHRs group was used. (<b>A</b>–<b>G</b>)—the data are presented as M ± SEM. *—<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05; ***—<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001 (Mann–Whitney test); and ##—<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01 (χ<sup>2</sup> test). SHRs: TBI group n = 15 and SDRs: TBI group n = 26.</p>
Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Blood serum CS time course and late mortality prediction. (<b>A</b>) Changes in CS levels during the experiment in sham-operated and TBI groups of SDRs and SHRs. An increase in CS was revealed on day 3 after TBI in SDRs. (<b>B</b>) Three months after TBI or sham operation, a short forced-swim-test-induced increase in blood plasma CS in sham-operated and TBI groups of SHRs and SDRs qq. (<b>C</b>) ROC analysis: CS level on day 3 predicted late mortality. (<b>D</b>) ROC analysis: immediate seizure duration did not predict late mortality. (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>)—the data are presented as M ± SEM. ***—<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.005; Mann–Whitney test; #—<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05; and RM ANOVA for time factor. For (<b>C</b>,<b>D</b>), mixed SDRs + SHRs group was used. SHRs: TBI group n = 15 and sham group n = 10 and SDRs: TBI group n = 26 and sham group n = 16.</p>
Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Neuronal and glial cell density in the hippocampus 3 months after TBI or sham operation. (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>) Neuronal cell density in the DG of SDRs and SHRs, respectively. Neuronal cell density was lower in the polymorph layer of the ipsilateral hippocampus in both rat strains. (<b>C</b>) Representative microphotograph with neurodegeneration in the ipsilateral DG (polymorph layer is marked by the arrow), Nissl staining. (<b>D</b>,<b>E</b>) Astroglal cell density in the hippocampi of SDRs and SHRs, respectively. (<b>F</b>) Representative microphotograph (SHRs, ipsilateral DG), GFAP staining. (<b>G</b>,<b>H</b>) Microglial cell density in the hippocampi of SDRs and SHRs, respectively. Microglial activation was detected only in the contralateral DG of SDRs. (<b>I</b>) Representative microphotograph (SHR, ipsilateral DG), Iba1 staining. (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>,<b>D</b>,<b>E</b>,<b>G</b>,<b>H</b>)—the data are presented as M ± SEM. *—<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, Mann–Whitney test. SHRs: TBI group n = 15 and sham group n = 10 and SDRs: TBI group n = 26 and sham group n = 16.</p>
Full article ">
13 pages, 762 KiB  
Article
Dispatcher-Assisted CPR in Italy: A Nationwide Survey of Current Practices and Future Challenges in Emergency Medical Communication Centers
by Guglielmo Imbriaco, Giacomo Sebastiano Canova, Lorenzo Righi, Sara Tararan, Giorgia Di Mario and Nicola Ramacciati
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(2), 637; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14020637 (registering DOI) - 19 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DA-CPR) is widely recognized as a critical intervention that significantly reduces no-flow time, improving survival rates in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs). This study evaluates current practices and the organization of DA-CPR in Italian emergency medical communication centers (EMCCs) [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DA-CPR) is widely recognized as a critical intervention that significantly reduces no-flow time, improving survival rates in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs). This study evaluates current practices and the organization of DA-CPR in Italian emergency medical communication centers (EMCCs) and identifies areas for improvement. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and May 2024 among all Italian EMCCs, achieving a 92.6% response rate (62 out of 67) and covering 95.5% of the population. Data were collected on the availability of DA-CPR, additional medical instructions provided, standardized protocols, integration into dispatch software, availability of video call systems, and follow-up programs. Results: All responding EMCCs provide DA-CPR, with 79.1% (n = 49) initiating these protocols more than five years ago. In adult cardiac arrest, 74.2% (n = 46) provide instructions for chest compressions only. Standardized protocols are used in 69.4% (n = 43) of EMCCs, and 53.2% (n = 33) have these protocols integrated into their dispatch software. Additionally, 93.5% (n = 58) provide dispatcher-assisted instructions for other medical conditions, including pediatric CPR (90.3%, n = 56), neonatal CPR (90.3%, n = 56), foreign body airway obstruction (85.5%, n = 53), labor (56.5%, n = 35), and massive bleeding (41.9%, n = 26). A training path for DA-CPR is available in 48 EMCCs (77.4%), and in most cases, it is included in the basic dispatcher course (56.5%, n = 36), with 50% conducting periodic retraining. Moreover, 33.9% (n = 21) utilize video call systems to support dispatcher-assisted instructions. Data on DA-CPR are collected by 46.8% of EMCCs (n = 29), primarily on relevant cases, but only 25.8% (n = 16) have a follow-up path for patients. Conclusions: This study highlights a widespread implementation of DA-CPR across Italian EMCCs. However, regional disparities, mainly in protocols and technological support, indicate areas requiring urgent attention. Enhancing training programs and standardizing protocols could improve DA-CPR effectiveness and patient outcomes, thus guaranteeing equitable care nationwide. Future initiatives should focus on integrating support tools like video calls, expanding retraining programs, and establishing follow-up and debriefing paths. Full article
14 pages, 1281 KiB  
Article
The Neural Development of Chinese Lexical Tone Perception: A Mismatch Negativity Study Across Childhood, Adolescence, and Adulthood
by Han Wu, Yixiao Zhang, Yiru Liu, Shijun Zhang, Linjun Zhang, Hua Shu and Yang Zhang
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(1), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15010093 (registering DOI) - 19 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: In a tonal language like Chinese, phonologically contrasting tones signify word meanings at the syllable level. Although the development of lexical tone perception ability has been examined in many behavioral studies, its developmental trajectory from childhood to adulthood at the neural level [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: In a tonal language like Chinese, phonologically contrasting tones signify word meanings at the syllable level. Although the development of lexical tone perception ability has been examined in many behavioral studies, its developmental trajectory from childhood to adulthood at the neural level remains unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the issue by measuring the mismatch negativity (MMN) response to a Chinese lexical tonal contrast in three groups. Methods: The MMN response to a flat-falling tonal contrast (Tone1 versus Tone4) were recorded from children (25 participants aged 6–8), adolescents (26 participants aged 12–14), and young adults (20 participants aged 18–24). Nonsense speech stimuli were also used by superimposing Tone1 and Tone4 on an English syllable. Results: All three groups demonstrated typical early MMN responses in both the meaningful and nonsense syllable conditions. However, the MMN amplitudes varied significantly across groups, with the child group showing smaller responses compared to the adolescent and adult groups, while the latter two groups had similar MMN amplitudes. Conclusions: Neural sensitivity to tonal contrasts is not fully mature in children and reaches a more adult-like level during adolescence, with no significant difference in sensitivity to meaningful versus nonsense syllables. These results provide new insights into the neural development of lexical tone perception in a tonal language, highlighting its maturation during adolescence in this process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Neurolinguistics)
12 pages, 254 KiB  
Article
Does Systematic Use of Small Doses of Vitamin D Have Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Effectively Correct Deficiency Among Healthy Adults?
by Anna Walawska-Hrycek, Eugeniusz Hrycek, Weronika Galus, Halina Jędrzejowska-Szypułka and Ewa Krzystanek
Nutrients 2025, 17(2), 352; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020352 (registering DOI) - 19 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background: Calcitriol, beyond its well-established role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis, contributes to immunological processes. No known vitamin D dosage regimen effectively corrects the deficiency while accounting for immunoregulatory effects. Therefore, the purpose of this assessment was to determine whether regular administration of [...] Read more.
Background: Calcitriol, beyond its well-established role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis, contributes to immunological processes. No known vitamin D dosage regimen effectively corrects the deficiency while accounting for immunoregulatory effects. Therefore, the purpose of this assessment was to determine whether regular administration of low doses of vitamin D might correct deficiency and have immunoregulatory effects. Methods: A total of 35 healthy volunteers were asked to supplement with vitamin D daily at a dosage of 500 or 1000 IU, depending on the degree of deficiency, for 12 months. At the beginning of the study and after the end of the supplementation period, concentrations of 25(OH)D; PTH; total calcium; inorganic phosphorus; and the inflammatory cytokines IL-17, IL-10, TGF-β, and IFN-γ were determined in all participants. Results: Correction of vitamin D deficiency was achieved with accompanying decreases in PTH and pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations, while the concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines remained stable. Conclusions: Therefore, regular vitamin D supplementation, even in small doses, effectively corrected the deficiency and had immunomodulatory effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutritional Immunology)
22 pages, 15910 KiB  
Article
A Study on Potential Sources of Perineuronal Net-Associated Sema3A in Cerebellar Nuclei Reveals Toxicity of Non-Invasive AAV-Mediated Cre Expression in the Central Nervous System
by Geoffrey-Alexander Gimenez, Maurits Romijn, Joëlle van den Herik, Wouter Meijer, Ruben Eggers, Barbara Hobo, Chris I. De Zeeuw, Cathrin B. Canto, Joost Verhaagen and Daniela Carulli
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(2), 819; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26020819 (registering DOI) - 19 Jan 2025
Abstract
Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is an axon guidance molecule, which is also abundant in the adult central nervous system (CNS), particularly in perineuronal nets (PNNs). PNNs are extracellular matrix structures that restrict plasticity. The cellular sources of Sema3A in PNNs are unknown. Most Sema3A-bearing [...] Read more.
Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is an axon guidance molecule, which is also abundant in the adult central nervous system (CNS), particularly in perineuronal nets (PNNs). PNNs are extracellular matrix structures that restrict plasticity. The cellular sources of Sema3A in PNNs are unknown. Most Sema3A-bearing neurons do not express Sema3A mRNA, suggesting that Sema3A may be released from other neurons. Another potential source of Sema3A is the choroid plexus. To identify sources of PNN-associated Sema3A, we focused on the cerebellar nuclei, which contain Sema3A+ PNNs. Cerebellar nuclei neurons receive prominent input from Purkinje cells (PCs), which express high levels of Sema3A mRNA. By using a non-invasive viral vector approach, we overexpressed Cre in PCs, the choroid plexus, or throughout the CNS of Sema3Afl/fl mice. Knocking out Sema3A in PCs or the choroid plexus was not sufficient to decrease the amount of PNN-associated Sema3A. Alternatively, knocking out Sema3A throughout the CNS induced a decrease in PNN-associated Sema3A. However, motor deficits, microgliosis, and neurodegeneration were observed, which were due to Cre toxicity. Our study represents the first attempt to unravel cellular sources of PNN-associated Sema3A and shows that non-invasive viral-mediated Cre expression throughout the CNS could lead to toxicity, complicating the interpretation of Cre-mediated Sema3A knock-out. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Neurobiology)
14 pages, 1244 KiB  
Article
Functional Responses of the Warehouse Pirate Bug Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) on a Diet of Liposcelis decolor (Pearman) (Psocodea: Liposcelididae)
by Augustine Bosomtwe, George Opit, Kristopher Giles, Brad Kard and Carla Goad
Insects 2025, 16(1), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16010101 (registering DOI) - 19 Jan 2025
Viewed by 74
Abstract
Psocids are difficult to manage using grain protectants and phosphine hence research on non-chemical control methods. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) at managing Liposcelis decolor (Pearman) (Psocodea: Liposcelididae). The functional responses of adult♀ and nymphs of X. flavipes [...] Read more.
Psocids are difficult to manage using grain protectants and phosphine hence research on non-chemical control methods. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) at managing Liposcelis decolor (Pearman) (Psocodea: Liposcelididae). The functional responses of adult♀ and nymphs of X. flavipes on a diet of nymphs, adult♂, and adult♀ of L. decolor were determined under laboratory conditions at 28 ± 1 °C, 63 ± 5% RH, and a 0:24 (L:D) photoperiod. Maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) of a logistic regression analysis showed that the functional responses of the life stages of X. flavipes on diets of three stages of L. decolor were Holling Type II. Estimates of the attack rate (a), handling time (Th), maximum predation (K) per day, and predation efficiency (η) per day for the two predator life stages against each prey life stage showed that the adult♀ X. flavipes predation rate was better compared with the nymphs. The adult♀ X. flavipes per capita consumption rate and searching efficiency were also higher than those of the nymphs. The data showed adults of L. decolor are more favorable for adult♀ X. flavipes whereas their nymphs prefer nymphs of L. decolor. Field evaluation of X. flavipes is required for their incorporation into psocid pest management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Insect Physiology, Reproduction and Development)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Functional responses of adult♀ and nymphs of <span class="html-italic">Xylocoris flavipes</span> on a diet of different life stages (adult♀, adult♂, and nymph) and densities of <span class="html-italic">Liposcelis decolor</span>.</p>
Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Mean numbers of prey killed (<span class="html-italic">Na</span>) per adult♀ of <span class="html-italic">Xylocoris flavipes</span> per day (<b>A</b>) and nymphs of <span class="html-italic">Xylocoris flavipes</span> (<b>B</b>) on diets of adult♀, adult♂, and nymph of <span class="html-italic">L. decolor</span> at varying densities. Means were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance at a significance level of α = 0.05, followed by Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference test for multiple comparison. Significant differences among prey stages for each prey density are denoted with different lowercase letters for each predator.</p>
Full article ">
11 pages, 554 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Outcomes of Haploidentical Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation with Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide in Older Versus Younger Patients
by Giacomo Adoncecchi, Ambuj Kumar, Krishnakar Mogili, Rawan Faramand, Hien Liu, Farhad Khimani, Asmita Mishra, Michael Nieder, Taiga Nishihori, Doris Hansen, Michael Jain, Aleksandr Lazaryan, Lia Perez, Joseph Pidala, Frederick Locke, Claudio Anasetti, Nelli Bejanyan and Hany Elmariah
Cancers 2025, 17(2), 310; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17020310 (registering DOI) - 19 Jan 2025
Viewed by 79
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) from an HLA haploidentical (haplo) donor followed by graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) results in lower relapse rates and improved DFS when compared to haplo bone marrow [...] Read more.
Background: Previous studies have shown that allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) from an HLA haploidentical (haplo) donor followed by graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) results in lower relapse rates and improved DFS when compared to haplo bone marrow transplant (BMT) with PTCy. However, PBSCT leads to higher rates of GVHD. It is unknown whether the benefits of haplo PBSCT may be nullified in older patients (>60 years) by a higher susceptibility to GVHD and transplant related toxicity. Thus, we sought to determine if older patients receiving haplo PBSCT with PTCy experience significantly worse outcomes than younger patients. Methods: We evaluated 121 adult patients with hematologic malignancies treated at the Moffitt Cancer Center with allogeneic haplo PBSCT followed by PTCy and compared outcomes of patients ≥60 years (n = 55) versus patients <60 years (n = 66). Results: The cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality (NRM) from the competing risk regression analysis was worse for the older patient group (SHR = 4.05, 95% CI: 1.43–11.47, p = 0.008). However, there was no significant difference between groups in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), relapse, disease-free survival (DFS), or overall survival (OS). Instead, hematopoietic comorbidity index (HCT-CI) ≥ 3 was associated with worse DFS (HR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.04–3.34, p = 0.035) and OS (HR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.03–3.84, p-value = 0.042). Subgroup analysis of patients ≥60 years showed a trend toward improved 2-year OS with fludarabine/cyclophosphamide/total body irradiation (Flu/Cy/TBI) versus fludarabine/busulfan: 71% versus 53% (HR = 0.47, p = 0.121). In patients over 70 years (n = 14), NRM was 8% and OS was 76% at 1 year. Conclusion: Given similar OS and DFS between patients aged >60 years and those <60, haplo PBSCT with PTCy appears to be an appropriate transplant platform for older patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Transplant Oncology)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>(<b>a</b>) Cumulative incidence of grade III–IV acute GVHD. (<b>b</b>) Cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD. (<b>c</b>) Cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality. (<b>d</b>) Cumulative Incidence of Relapse. (<b>e</b>) Kaplan–Meier curve for disease-free survival. (<b>f</b>) Kaplan–Meier curve for overall survival. Blue line, ≥60 years. Grey line, &lt;60 years.</p>
Full article ">
27 pages, 23003 KiB  
Article
Detection of Insulin in Insulin-Deficient Islets of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes
by Yuliya Krivova, Alexandra Proshchina, Dmitry Otlyga, Anastasia Kharlamova and Sergey Saveliev
Life 2025, 15(1), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15010125 (registering DOI) - 19 Jan 2025
Viewed by 106
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is related to the autoimmune destruction of β-cells, leading to their almost complete absence in patients with longstanding T1D. However, endogenous insulin secretion persists in such patients as evidenced by the measurement of plasma C-peptide. Recently, a low level [...] Read more.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is related to the autoimmune destruction of β-cells, leading to their almost complete absence in patients with longstanding T1D. However, endogenous insulin secretion persists in such patients as evidenced by the measurement of plasma C-peptide. Recently, a low level of insulin has been found in non-β islet cells of patients with longstanding T1D, indicating that other islet cell types may contribute to persistent insulin secretion. The present study aimed to test the ability of various antibodies to detect insulin in insulin-deficient islets of T1D patients. Pancreatic autopsies from two children with recent-onset T1D, two adults with longstanding T1D, and three control subjects were examined using double immunofluorescent labeling with antibodies to insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. Immunoreactivity to insulin in glucagon+ cells of insulin-deficient islets was revealed using polyclonal antibodies and monoclonal antibodies simultaneously recognizing insulin and proinsulin. Along with this, immunoreactivity to insulin was observed in the majority of glucagon+ cells of insulin-containing islets of control subjects and children with recent-onset T1D. These results suggest that islet α-cells may contain insulin and/or other insulin-like proteins (proinsulin, C-peptide). Future studies are needed to evaluate the role of α-cells in insulin secretion and diabetes pathogenesis. Full article
12 pages, 526 KiB  
Article
Sex-Specific Sensory Profiles Discriminate Between Sensitization at Twelve Weeks in Patients with Acute Low Back Pain: A Retrospective Study
by Pieter J. Gräper, Aldo Scafoglieri and Joannes M. Hallegraeff
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(2), 621; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14020621 (registering DOI) - 19 Jan 2025
Viewed by 124
Abstract
Background/objective: Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability worldwide, resulting in enormous socio-economic and personal consequences. Sensory profiles during the acute back pain stage will predict central sensitization symptoms in the chronic pain stage, as central sensitization is the main [...] Read more.
Background/objective: Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability worldwide, resulting in enormous socio-economic and personal consequences. Sensory profiles during the acute back pain stage will predict central sensitization symptoms in the chronic pain stage, as central sensitization is the main mechanism behind nociplastic pain and pain chronicity. Therefore, our objective was to establish overall and sex-specific sensory profile cut-off points that distinguish symptoms of central sensitization at 12 weeks, using a retrospective prognostic cohort study design. Methods: Two hundred and seventeen patients with acute LBP (<6 weeks) were assessed using Receiver Operator Characteristic analyses. Measurements were taken at baseline using the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile and follow-up by the Central Sensitization Inventory at 12 weeks, based on the established Central Sensitization Inventory cut-off points for the overall population at ≥30 and ≥40, female patients at ≥33, and male patients at ≥25. Results: In female patients, a Sensory Sensitive cut-off point of ≥30.5 significantly distinguished central sensitization symptoms at 12 weeks, resulting in the following values: Area Under the Curve = 0.81 (95% CI = 0.73; 0.89), sensitivity = 0.89, specificity = 0.63, prevalence = 0.36, positive predictive value = 0.56, negative predictive value = 0.80, and Youden’s index = 0.52. Conclusions: The Sensory Sensitive profile distinguishes female patients with acute LBP with and without central sensitization symptoms at 12 weeks. This cut-off point may be useful in identifying individual sensory preferences and addressing maladaptive behavioral responses to sensory stimulation in clinical practice to prevent chronicity. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Receiver Operator Curve of the baseline Sensory Sensitive profile in an acute state, and CSI ≥ 33 at 12 weeks in female patients with low back pain.</p>
Full article ">
12 pages, 6159 KiB  
Article
Tinea Capitis Induced by Barber Shaving: Isolation of Trichophyton tonsurans
by Giampaolo Addari, Marialuisa Corbeddu, Cristina Mugheddu, Mariangela Chessa, Grazia Vivanet, Caterina Ferreli and Laura Atzori
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(2), 622; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14020622 (registering DOI) - 19 Jan 2025
Viewed by 131
Abstract
Background/Objective: Tinea capitis is a common scalp fungal infection with significant implications for public health, particularly in regions where proper hygiene and access to healthcare are limited. Emerging evidence suggests that this disease, particularly in young male individuals, may be related to [...] Read more.
Background/Objective: Tinea capitis is a common scalp fungal infection with significant implications for public health, particularly in regions where proper hygiene and access to healthcare are limited. Emerging evidence suggests that this disease, particularly in young male individuals, may be related to certain unsanitary practices in barbershop settings, such as the use of contaminated shaving equipment. To increase awareness of the risk of scalp dermatophyte infections by disclosing different cases of tinea capitis that had arisen shortly after hairdressing procedures and providing a comprehensive review of the existing literature. Patients and Methods: 10 cases of young, adult male patients developed tinea capitis after haircuts carried out at different local barbershops in Sardinia. A collection of data regarding age, sex, location of the disease, clinical manifestations as well as direct microscopy and cultural investigations were performed. Results: Clinical manifestations varied among patients, exhibiting both non-inflammatory and inflammatory features, cultural investigations were positive for Trichophyton tonsurans. Patients were treated with griseofulvin or terbinafine in combination with topical antimycotics. Two cases out of the ten patients developed scarring alopecia. Conclusions: Outbreaks of T. tonsurans-induced tinea capitis, linked to hairdressing, have been recorded in many different countries. Timely diagnosis and therapy are crucial, since any delay can result in disease dissemination and potential complications such as scarring alopecia, particularly in the inflammatory forms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Infectious Skin and Mucosal Diseases)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Inflamed lesions of the scalp: (<b>a</b>) Single, erythematous, boggy, and elevated plaque on the temporal region with serosanguineous discharge; (<b>b</b>) Multiple erythematous, elevated, coin-shaped lesions on the occipital and nape regions.</p>
Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Development and progression of an erythematous, ring-like lesion appeared on the nape area of a young patient after a recent haircut at the local barber: (<b>a</b>) Single patch on the nape region with peripheral red halo ring and central resolution; (<b>b</b>) Progressive enlargement of the original patch, with concomitant onset of three additional reddish lesions on the posterior cervical region; (<b>c</b>) Final aspect of the four patches right before the diagnosis.</p>
Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Other clinical aspects: (<b>a</b>) Round, enlarged patches with peripheral, elevated border on the occipital region of a young patient; (<b>b</b>) Small, single, scaly, and erythematous patch on the occipital region of a 68-year-old patient who visited the same barbershop as the other younger patrons. This was the only asymptomatic case.</p>
Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Erythematous and alopecic patches on the temporal region: (<b>a</b>) Of note, the clinical appearance of an alopecic patch with black dots; (<b>b</b>) Dermoscopy of the lesions showing different aspects of broken hairs, comma hairs, and corkscrew hairs; erythema and faint scales are also present.</p>
Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Representation of intrapilar arthroconidia filling the hair shaft, indicative of a <span class="html-italic">Tricophyton</span> infection. The frayed tip is the result of the fungal infection, which makes the hair brittle and prone to rupture.</p>
Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Cultures of <span class="html-italic">Trichophyton tonsurans</span> on Sabouraud agar: (<b>a</b>) Top side; (<b>b</b>) bottom side.</p>
Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Outcome with permanent scarring alopecia of the two patients depicted in <a href="#jcm-14-00622-f001" class="html-fig">Figure 1</a>: (<b>a</b>) Single alopecic area on the temporal region; (<b>b</b>) Multiple alopecic areas on the occipital and nape regions.</p>
Full article ">
18 pages, 953 KiB  
Review
Severe Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Children with Type 1 Diabetes: Ongoing Challenges in Care
by Simone Foti Randazzese, Mariarosaria La Rocca, Bruno Bombaci, Alessandra Di Pisa, Elèna Giliberto, Teresa Inturri, Daniel Militi, Fortunato Lombardo, Eloisa Gitto, Giuseppina Salzano and Stefano Passanisi
Children 2025, 12(1), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12010110 (registering DOI) - 19 Jan 2025
Viewed by 191
Abstract
Diabetic ketoacidosis is the most common acute complication in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, and contributes significantly to morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden. This review aims to explore the multifaceted aspects of severe diabetic ketoacidosis in pediatric age, including its epidemiology, [...] Read more.
Diabetic ketoacidosis is the most common acute complication in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, and contributes significantly to morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden. This review aims to explore the multifaceted aspects of severe diabetic ketoacidosis in pediatric age, including its epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, complications and emphasizing advances in prevention strategies. Incidence rates vary due to influences from geographic, socioeconomic, cultural and demographic factors. Pathogenesis is linked to insulin deficiency and an excess of counter-regulatory hormones, which disrupt glucose, protein, and lipid metabolism, causing hyperglycemia, ketosis, acidosis, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances. According to the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes guidelines, severe diabetic ketoacidosis is characterized by a pH < 7.1 or bicarbonate < 5 mmol/L. This condition can lead to a wide range of life-threatening complications, including cerebral edema that represents the leading cause of death. Several prevention strategies, including awareness campaigns, early diagnosis of diabetes, regular monitoring and management, effective insulin therapy, education, access to healthcare and technological assistance, may contribute to reduce the risk of severe diabetic ketoacidosis episodes in children and adolescents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>An overview of the main risk factors for severe DKA.</p>
Full article ">Figure 2
<p>A summary of the most common short and long-term complications associated with severe DKA.</p>
Full article ">
14 pages, 922 KiB  
Article
Evaluating the Protective Effects of MitoQ and Antifreeze Protein III on Cryopreserved Canine Sperm
by Abbas Farshad, Emilia Diel and Axel Wehrend
Animals 2025, 15(2), 270; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15020270 (registering DOI) - 19 Jan 2025
Viewed by 147
Abstract
Cryopreservation can adversely affect sperm motility, structural integrity, and fertilization ability. This study investigated the effects of MitoQ and antifreeze protein III (AFP III) on frozen–thawed semen from eight adult dogs using a Tris–fructose extender. Ejaculates were divided and diluted with a standard [...] Read more.
Cryopreservation can adversely affect sperm motility, structural integrity, and fertilization ability. This study investigated the effects of MitoQ and antifreeze protein III (AFP III) on frozen–thawed semen from eight adult dogs using a Tris–fructose extender. Ejaculates were divided and diluted with a standard Tris–fructose–egg yolk extender containing MitoQ (200 nM/mL) and AFP III (0.75, 1.0, 2.0 µg/mL), individually or combined. Post-thaw, samples were evaluated for motility, viability, membrane and acrosome integrity, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis indicators, mitochondrial function, and reactive oxygen species (ROS-H2O2). The results showed significant (p < 0.05) improvements in motility rate, progressive motility, VAP, VSL, VCL, ALH, and BCF with MitoQ or AFP alone. AFP III (0.75, 1.0 µg/mL) showed higher values than controls (p > 0.05), while MitoQ alone showed no significant effect. Viability and acrosome integrity improved with AFP III. Membrane integrity and lipid peroxidation were better in 0.75 and 1.0 µg/mL AFP III groups. ROS-H2O2 levels and mitochondrial membrane potential were unaffected except at 1.0 µg/mL AFP III. The phosphatidylserine translocation assay showed no significant differences in dead sperm between controls and individual treatments, but significant differences occurred with combined MitoQ/AFP III. In conclusion, AFP III and MitoQ in diluents protect canine sperm cells from cryodamage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Animal Reproduction)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Impact of MitoQ and antifreeze protein III on viability and acrosome integrity of frozen–thawed canine sperm. The SD of the mean values presented in the figure are as follows: viability (4.95, 5.09, 4.66, 5.65, 2.84 and 3.81) and acrosome integrity (3.54, 4.38, 3.54, 2.75, 3.32 and 3.09), respectively, for each treatment from the control to the last (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 8). <sup>a–c</sup> Values with different superscripts are different (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05).</p>
Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Impact of MitoQ and antifreeze protein III on membrane integrity and lipid peroxidation (LPX) of frozen–thawed canine sperm. The SD of the mean values presented in the figure are as follows: membrane integrity (2.14, 2.71, 2.81, 2.35, 3.39 and 3.00) and LPX (13.53, 12.20, 10.66, 9.60, 9.21 and 8.51), respectively, for each treatment from the control to the last (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 8). <sup>a–c</sup> Values with different superscripts are different (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05).</p>
Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Impact of MitoQ and AFP III on ROS-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> levels and mitochondrial membrane potential in frozen–thawed canine sperm (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 8). The SD of the mean values presented in the figure are as follows: ROS-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> levels (2.11, 5.33, 4.02, 2.95, 5.30, 5.29) and mitochondrial membrane potential (8.47, 7.82, 6.85, 7.84, 10.48, 11.10), respectively, for each treatment from the control to the last (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 8). <sup>a,b</sup> Values with different superscripts are different (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05).</p>
Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Impact of MitoQ and AFP III on Annexin+/PI− (apoptotic), Annexin−/PI− (living), and Annexin+/PI+ (dead) cells of frozen–thawed canine sperm. The SD of the mean values presented in the figure are as follows: apoptotic cells (3.55, 4.12, 4.30, 5.16, 4.13, 3.78), living cells (3.07, 3.09, 3.24, 3.74, 3.00, 1.85), and dead cells (2.83, 2.86, 2.77, 3.15, 3.67, 3.30), respectively, for each treatment from the control to the last (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 8). <sup>a,b</sup> Values with different superscripts are different (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05).</p>
Full article ">
13 pages, 696 KiB  
Article
Translation and Adaptation of the SCOFF Questionnaire to the Greek Language (G-SCOFF) Using a Tertiary-Setting Adolescent Sample
by Eleni G. Paschalidou, Athina Markopoulou, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, Aristea Gioxari, Alexandra Foscolou, Eirini Karagiannopoulou, Tonia Vassilakou, Dimitrios G. Goulis, Kyriaki Tsiroukidou and Efstratia Daskalou
Nutrients 2025, 17(2), 347; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020347 (registering DOI) - 19 Jan 2025
Viewed by 240
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Feeding and eating disorders (FEDs) constitute an important mental health problem today, especially among youngsters. The Sick, Control, One, Fat, Food (SCOFF) questionnaire was developed 25 years ago and remains the most frequently applied screening tool for FEDs among adults and youngsters. [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Feeding and eating disorders (FEDs) constitute an important mental health problem today, especially among youngsters. The Sick, Control, One, Fat, Food (SCOFF) questionnaire was developed 25 years ago and remains the most frequently applied screening tool for FEDs among adults and youngsters. The aim of the present study was to translate and adapt the SCOFF questionnaire to the Greek language, using a tertiary-setting adolescent sample. Methods: A total of 167 adolescents (86 boys, 81 girls) admitted to the pediatric outpatient clinics of the Georgios Gennimatas and Hippokration General hospitals completed the SCOFF questionnaire. Anthropometric indices were measured and dietary intake was recorded. Results: A total of 74 adolescents (44.3% of the sample) were classified as engaging in disordered eating behaviors and as possible patients with FEDs based on the SCOFF questionnaire. No differences were noted in the dietary intake between adolescents who screened positive and those who screened negative for FEDs. The body mass index z-score and obesity status were greater among children screening positive for FEDs compared to those screening negative (p < 0.01). One patient who was later diagnosed with anorexia nervosa was detected as a possible FED case by the questionnaire. Conclusions: The present study revealed that more than two out of five adolescents attending a pediatric clinic exhibited disordered eating behavior. The use of the G-SCOFF questionnaire is feasible and effective for FED triage in the Greek tertiary pediatric setting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Translated SCOFF questionnaire in the Greek language (G-SCOFF) [<a href="#B35-nutrients-17-00347" class="html-bibr">35</a>]. SCOFF, Sick, Control, One stone, Fat, Food.</p>
Full article ">
17 pages, 799 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Condyle–Fossa Relationships in Adults with Various Skeletal Patterns Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
by Alice Choi, Jae Hyun Park, Curt Bay and Jong-Moon Chae
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 944; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15020944 (registering DOI) - 18 Jan 2025
Viewed by 409
Abstract
Abstract: This study assessed the condyle–fossa relationships in adults with different skeletal patterns using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). A total of 135 adult participants were included in the analysis of the CBCT images. Participants were categorized based on gender, age, race, and [...] Read more.
Abstract: This study assessed the condyle–fossa relationships in adults with different skeletal patterns using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). A total of 135 adult participants were included in the analysis of the CBCT images. Participants were categorized based on gender, age, race, and skeletal patterns. The measurements of the temporomandibular joint spaces were taken, which include the anterior (AS), superior (SS), posterior (PS), medial (MS), central (CS), and lateral (LS) spaces. Additionally, the dimensions of the condyle were assessed, including mediolateral thickness (MLT), anteroposterior thickness (APT), articular slope (ArS), and the vertical height of the fossa (VHF). These measurements were then compared. The average ratios of AS:SS:PS and MS:CS:LS were 1.00:1.61:1.18 and 1.00:1.15:0.79, respectively. The average values of most measurements were significantly higher in males than in females. The average value of APT was significantly higher in the late age group than in others, but there was no statistical difference according to race. The average values of PS, CS, and LS were significantly higher on the left side than on the right, while the average value of AS was significantly higher on the right side than on the left. The average values of SS, CS, and MLT were significantly higher in hypodivergent than in hyperdivergent skeletal patterns, while the average values did not show any statistical differences based on horizontal skeletal patterns. The average values of SS and CS in the Class II horizontal skeletal group were significantly lower in hyperdivergent individuals compared to other vertical skeletal patterns. In adults, statistical differences in condyle–fossa relationships were observed based on gender, age, sides, and skeletal patterns, but no differences were identified according to race. Full article
16 pages, 826 KiB  
Article
The Association Between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in University Students: The Mediating Role of Lean Mass and the Muscle Strength Index
by Sofía Alfaro-González, Miriam Garrido-Miguel, Carlos Pascual-Morena, Diana P. Pozuelo-Carrascosa, Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez, José Alberto Martínez-Hortelano, Arthur E. Mesas and Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
Nutrients 2025, 17(2), 346; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020346 (registering DOI) - 18 Jan 2025
Viewed by 357
Abstract
Background/objectives: recent studies have suggested that components typical of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) are associated with depression and anxiety prevention. In this sense, the main objective of this study was to analyse the associations between adherence to the MedDiet and depression and [...] Read more.
Background/objectives: recent studies have suggested that components typical of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) are associated with depression and anxiety prevention. In this sense, the main objective of this study was to analyse the associations between adherence to the MedDiet and depression and anxiety symptoms and to examine whether this relationship is mediated by lean mass and the muscle strength index (MSI). Methods: a cross-sectional study (based on data obtained from the Nuts4Brain-Z study) was conducted from 2023–2024, involving 428 university students, aged 18–30 years, from a Spanish public university. Depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and anxiety was assessed via the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) tool. Adherence to the MedDiet was assessed using the MEDAS questionnaire. Lean mass was assessed via bioimpedance, and MSI was measured via a dynamometer. ANCOVA models were used to test the mean differences in depression and anxiety scores using MEDAS categories (low adherence < 9 points vs high adherence ≥9 points). Serial multiple mediation models, adjusted for the main confounders, were used to explore the role of lean mass and MSI in the relationships between adherence to the MedDiet and depression and anxiety symptoms. Results: university students with high adherence to the MedDiet exhibited lower scores for depression and anxiety symptoms (p < 0.05) than did students with low adherence to the MedDiet. The mediation analysis preliminarily revealed that both lean mass and MSI acted as mediators of the relationships between adherence to the MedDiet and depression and anxiety. Conclusion:adherence to the MedDiet in university students per se does not appear to have a direct effect on depression and anxiety symptoms because these associations are partially (for depression) or entirely (for anxiety) explained by lean mass and MSI. Full article
Back to TopTop