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Keywords = acetic acid pre-treated copper foil

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17 pages, 3300 KiB  
Article
Acetic Acid and Ammonium Persulfate Pre-Treated Copper Foil for the Improvement of Graphene Quality, Sensitivity and Specificity of Hall Effect Label-Free DNA Hybridization Detection
by Naiyuan Cui, Fei Wang and Hanyuan Ding
Materials 2020, 13(7), 1784; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13071784 - 10 Apr 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3875
Abstract
The capability of graphene-based biosensors used to detect biomolecules, such as DNA and cancer marker, is enormously affected by the quality of graphene. In this work, high quality and cleanness graphene were obtained by CVD based on acetic acid (AA) and ammonium persulfate [...] Read more.
The capability of graphene-based biosensors used to detect biomolecules, such as DNA and cancer marker, is enormously affected by the quality of graphene. In this work, high quality and cleanness graphene were obtained by CVD based on acetic acid (AA) and ammonium persulfate (AP) pretreated copper foil substrate. Hall effect devices were made by three kinds of graphene which were fabricated by CVD using no-treated copper foil, AA pre-treated copper foil and AP pre-treated copper foil. Hall effect devices made of AA pre-treated copper foil CVD graphene and AP pre-treated copper foil CVD graphene can both enhance the sensitivity of graphene-based biosensors for DNA recognition, but the AA pre-treated copper foil CVD graphene improves more (≈4 times). This may be related to the secondary oxidation of AP pre-treated copper foil in the air due to the strong corrosion of ammonium persulfate, which leads to the quality decrease of graphene comparing to acetic acid. Our research provides an efficient method to improve the sensitivity of graphene-based biosensors for DNA recognition and investigates an effect of copper foil oxidation on the growth graphene. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Nanomaterials for Imaging and Sensing)
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Figure 1
<p>(<b>a</b>) Graphene transfer process; (<b>b</b>) Hall effect device fabrication process; (<b>c</b>) DNA hybridization on graphene.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>SEM of (<b>a</b>) pristine copper foil without pre-treatment; (<b>b</b>) copper foil treated with AP solution; (<b>c</b>) copper foil treated with AA solution; (<b>d</b>) graphene grown on pristine copper foil without pre-treatment; (<b>e</b>) graphene grown on copper foil treated with AP solution; (<b>f</b>) graphene grown on copper foil treated with AA solution.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Surface etching process of copper foils by (<b>a</b>) AP; (<b>b</b>) AA.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>The AFM of (<b>a</b>) and (<b>d</b>) graphene grown on pristine copper foil; (<b>b</b>) and (<b>e</b>) graphene grown on copper foil pre-treated by AP; (<b>c</b>) and (<b>f</b>) graphene grown on copper foil pre-treated by AA; (<b>g</b>) and (<b>j</b>) pristine copper foil; (<b>h</b>) and (<b>k</b>) copper foil pre-treated by AP; (<b>i</b>) and (<b>l</b>) copper foil pre-treated by AA.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Raman shift of the three kind of graphene on SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si substrate.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>XPS of (<b>a</b>) graphene grown on copper foil pre-treated by AA; (<b>b</b>) graphene grown on copper foil pre-treated by AP; (<b>c</b>) graphene grown on pristine copper foil.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Electrical performances of the three kind of graphene: (<b>a</b>) carrier concentration; (<b>b</b>) sheet resistance; (<b>c</b>) mobility.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>Electrical performance of graphene modified by probe DNA: (<b>a</b>) mobility; (<b>b</b>) carrier concentration.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>The electrical performance of three kinds graphene-based biosensors for the detection of target DNA: (<b>a</b>) carrier concentration; (<b>b</b>) mobility; (<b>c</b>) sheet resistance.</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>The variation of (<b>a</b>) carrier concentration; (<b>b</b>) carrier mobility and (<b>c</b>) sheet resistance of graphene-based Hall effect devices as a function of added concentrations of target and one-base mismatched DNA, respectively, based on AA graphene; (<b>d</b>) structure of electric double layer.</p> Full article ">Figure 11
<p>(<b>a</b>) The variation of carrier concentration of three kinds of graphene-based Hall effect devices as a function of added concentrations of target DNA; (<b>b</b>) the mechanism of higher sensitivity based on graphene with cleaner surface.</p> Full article ">
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