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28 pages, 9750 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Multi-Energy Optimization for Unit Commitment Integrating PEVs and Renewable Energy: A DO3LSO Algorithm
by Linxin Zhang, Zuobin Ying, Zhile Yang and Yuanjun Guo
Mathematics 2024, 12(24), 4037; https://doi.org/10.3390/math12244037 - 23 Dec 2024
Abstract
The global energy crisis and the pursuit of carbon neutrality have introduced significant challenges to the optimal dispatch of power systems. Despite advancements in optimization techniques, existing methods often struggle to efficiently handle the uncertainties introduced by renewable energy sources and the dynamic [...] Read more.
The global energy crisis and the pursuit of carbon neutrality have introduced significant challenges to the optimal dispatch of power systems. Despite advancements in optimization techniques, existing methods often struggle to efficiently handle the uncertainties introduced by renewable energy sources and the dynamic behavior of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). This study presents a multi-energy collaborative optimization approach based on a dynamic opposite level-based learning optimization swarm algorithm (DO3LSO). The methodology explores the impact of integrating PEVs and renewable energy sources, including photovoltaic and wind power, on unit commitment (UC) problems. By incorporating the bidirectional charging and discharging capabilities of PEVs and addressing the volatility of renewable energy, the proposed method demonstrates the ability to reduce reliance on traditional fossil fuel power generation, decrease carbon emissions, stabilize power output, and achieve a 7.01% reduction in costs. Comparative analysis with other optimization algorithms highlights the effectiveness of DO3LSO in achieving rapid convergence and precise optimization through hierarchical learning and dynamic opposite strategies, showcasing superior adaptability in complex load scenarios. The findings underscore the importance of multi-energy collaborative optimization as a pivotal solution for addressing the energy crisis, facilitating low-carbon transitions, and providing essential support for the development of intelligent and sustainable power systems. Full article
18 pages, 645 KiB  
Article
Applying the Surge Capacity Components for Capacity-Building Purposes in the Context of the EMT Initiative
by Lina Echeverri, Flavio Salio, Richard Parker, Pryanka Relan, Oleg Storozhenko, Ives Hubloue and Luca Ragazzoni
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1712; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121712 - 23 Dec 2024
Abstract
Background: On 16 January 2021 (EB148/18 Session), the World Health Organization (WHO) and Member States emphasized the importance of expanding the WHO Emergency Medical Teams (EMT) Initiative, investing in a global health workforce and multidisciplinary teams capable of being rapidly deployed, equipped, and [...] Read more.
Background: On 16 January 2021 (EB148/18 Session), the World Health Organization (WHO) and Member States emphasized the importance of expanding the WHO Emergency Medical Teams (EMT) Initiative, investing in a global health workforce and multidisciplinary teams capable of being rapidly deployed, equipped, and fully trained to respond to all-hazard emergencies effectively. This resulted in the need to define a comprehensive framework. To achieve this, the EMT Initiative proposes the application of the four components of Surge Capacity, known as the 4“S” (Staff, Systems, Supplies, and Structure/Space), to build global capacities and capabilities, ensuring rapid mobilization and efficient coordination of national and international medical teams for readiness and response, complying with crisis standards of care defined in an ethical and evidence-based manner. Methods: A mixed-qualitative research approach was used, incorporating expert consensus through focus group discussions (FGDs), between 2021 and July 2022. This facilitated a detailed process analysis for the application of the surge capacity components to build global capacities and capabilities. This research highlighted the similarities between surge capacity and capacity building from an initial desk review and unified these concepts within the EMT Initiative. A standardized formal pathway was developed to enhance local, regional, and global capacities for emergency readiness and response. Results: The results showed that the framework successfully integrated the essential components of surge capacity and capacity building, making it adaptable to various settings. Conclusions: This framework provides a unified and replicable approach for readiness and response for all-hazards emergencies. Full article
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<p>Research steps.</p>
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<p>Implementation modalities/pathways.</p>
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23 pages, 2811 KiB  
Review
Crisis Response in Tourism: Semantic Networks and Topic Modeling in the Hotel and Aviation Industries
by Ruohan Tang, Shaofeng Zhao, Won Seok Lee, Sunwoo Park and Yunfei Zhang
Sustainability 2024, 16(24), 11275; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162411275 - 23 Dec 2024
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented global disruptions, with the hotel and aviation industries—two critical pillars of tourism—among the hardest hit. This study analyzed 451 hotel-related and 336 aviation-related records from the Web of Science database, applying semantic network analysis to uncover eight clusters [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented global disruptions, with the hotel and aviation industries—two critical pillars of tourism—among the hardest hit. This study analyzed 451 hotel-related and 336 aviation-related records from the Web of Science database, applying semantic network analysis to uncover eight clusters of crisis management knowledge: basic functions, crisis response, operational strategies, epidemic prevention and control, crisis perception, innovative services, scope of influence, and internal and external environments. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling identified distinct thematic strategies for each sector. In hotels, these included Digital Innovation Transformation, Monitoring Management Procedures, Emotional Awareness Incentives, and Resilience Mechanism Establishment. In aviation, strategies focused on Green Economic Transformation, Co-creation Value Realization, Passenger Incentive Mechanisms, and Balancing Health Risks. By visualizing co-occurrence relationships and mapping thematic intersections and divergences, this study provides actionable insights into the recovery strategies of these industries. The findings offer robust support for developing targeted management approaches and decision-making frameworks to ensure the sustainable growth of the tourism sector. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Tourism, Culture, and Heritage)
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<p>Research framework and analytical flowchart (source: own source).</p>
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<p>Keyword cloud in hotel and aviation (source: own source). (<b>a</b>) Hotel industry; (<b>b</b>) Aviation industry. In the figures, red represents the hotel industry, while blue represents the aviation industry. The font size varies according to word frequency.</p>
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<p>Visualization of semantic network clusters in the hotel and aviation (source: own source). (<b>a</b>) Hotel industry; (<b>b</b>) Aviation industry. Clusters are labeled as follows: Cluster 1 = Basic Functions; Cluster 2 = Crisis Response; Cluster 3 = Operational Strategies; Cluster 4 = Epidemic Prevention and Control; Cluster 5 = Crisis Perception; Cluster 6 = Innovative Services; Cluster 7 =Scope of Influence; Cluster 8 = Internal and External Environment.</p>
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<p>Visualization of semantic network clusters in the hotel and aviation (source: own source). (<b>a</b>) Hotel industry; (<b>b</b>) Aviation industry. Clusters are labeled as follows: Cluster 1 = Basic Functions; Cluster 2 = Crisis Response; Cluster 3 = Operational Strategies; Cluster 4 = Epidemic Prevention and Control; Cluster 5 = Crisis Perception; Cluster 6 = Innovative Services; Cluster 7 =Scope of Influence; Cluster 8 = Internal and External Environment.</p>
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<p>LDA topic modeling coordinates for the hotel and aviation (source: own source). (<b>a</b>) Hotel industry; (<b>b</b>) Aviation industry. Here, the <span class="html-italic">x</span>-axis symbolizes resilience and co-creation, while the <span class="html-italic">y</span>-axis denotes management and recovery.</p>
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<p>Scatter distribution of the topic prevalence of LDA in the hotel and aviation (source: own source).</p>
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19 pages, 836 KiB  
Article
GINI’s Odyssey in Greece: Econometric Analysis of Income Inequality, GDP, and Unemployment Through Economic Phases (Pre-Crisis, Crisis, Memoranda, and Post-Memoranda)
by Panagiotis Karountzos, Nikolaos T. Giannakopoulos, Damianos P. Sakas, Kyriaki I. Efthalitsidou and Stavros P. Migkos
Int. J. Financial Stud. 2024, 12(4), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs12040129 - 23 Dec 2024
Abstract
This study explores the relationship between income inequality, economic growth, and unemployment in Greece from 2003 to 2020, encompassing key economic phases: pre-crisis, crisis, memoranda, and post-memoranda. The aim is to analyze how economic growth (logarithm of GDP-LOGGDP) and unemployment influenced income inequality [...] Read more.
This study explores the relationship between income inequality, economic growth, and unemployment in Greece from 2003 to 2020, encompassing key economic phases: pre-crisis, crisis, memoranda, and post-memoranda. The aim is to analyze how economic growth (logarithm of GDP-LOGGDP) and unemployment influenced income inequality (GINI coefficient) during periods of economic turmoil and recovery. Using linear regression analysis on 18 years of annual data, this study identifies significant relationships between the variables, with diagnostic tests confirming model robustness. The findings reveal a strong positive and statistically significant relationship between LOGGDP and income inequality, indicating that economic growth, without effective redistributive mechanisms, exacerbated disparities. Unemployment had an even stronger positive effect on inequality, highlighting its role in deepening income disparities, particularly during the crisis years marked by economic contraction and austerity measures. These results underline the critical need for balanced economic policies that promote inclusive growth while addressing structural inequalities and labor market vulnerabilities. This study also employs advanced econometric methods, including Vector Autoregression (VAR), Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), and Granger Causality Test, to analyze the dynamics between GDP (LOGGDP), income inequality (GINI), and unemployment. The Granger Test reveals that unemployment Granger-causes GDP with a two-period lag, highlighting the importance of labor market conditions for economic growth, while no direct causal relationship is found between GDP and inequality. These methods provide deeper insights into the short- and long-term interactions, offering valuable guidance for balanced economic policymaking. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Financial Econometrics)
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<p>(<b>a</b>) GINI index, (<b>b</b>) GDP, (<b>c</b>) LOGGDP, and (<b>d</b>) unemployment in Greece through the years 2003–2020.</p>
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11 pages, 1168 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
How Eco-Anxiety Is Affected by Community Health Status and Climate Justice Determinants: An Exploratory Study in Young Population
by Melissa Jimenez Gomez Tagle and Domenico Vito
Med. Sci. Forum 2024, 25(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2024025015 - 23 Dec 2024
Abstract
The climate crisis, combined with the COVID-19 lockdown measures, exacerbated pre-existing psychological conditions among young people experiencing climate anxiety due to a lack of information and a diffuse sense of powerlessness. The current study aimed to find correlations between the health status of [...] Read more.
The climate crisis, combined with the COVID-19 lockdown measures, exacerbated pre-existing psychological conditions among young people experiencing climate anxiety due to a lack of information and a diffuse sense of powerlessness. The current study aimed to find correlations between the health status of a community, the environmental determinants among youths, and how these affect their vision of climate change and their mental health. An exploratory survey was conducted among people aged between 18 and 33 years old from three continents, with a focus on emotional states related to natural disasters occurring in their regions. The online survey consisted of six questions. The pilot phase results showed that more females from India experienced stressful situations related to climate change, and that respondents aged between 18 and 20 years old were more informed about eco-anxiety. Given its growing frequency among young adults, further studies should be conducted to address the problem and create alternatives and coping mechanisms such as climate action. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International One Health Conference)
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<p>(<b>a</b>) Percentages of people that responded yes/no to the question “Are you living in an area currently affected by climate change? (Heatwaves, droughts, landslides, bad air quality, sea level rise)”; and (<b>b</b>) percentages of people that responded yes/no to the question “Do you know what eco-anxiety is?”.</p>
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<p>Prevalence of emotions in young adults related to climate change.</p>
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<p>Graphical representation of the bivariate Kendall rank correlation coefficient to highlight the most prominent cross-correlations discovered.</p>
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<p>Graphical representation of the bivariate Kendall rank correlation coefficient to highlight the most prominent cross-correlations discovered.</p>
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14 pages, 995 KiB  
Article
Developing the Desert: How Qatar Achieved Dairy Self-Sufficiency Through Baladna
by Hussein Al-Dobashi and Steven Wright
Sustainability 2024, 16(24), 11262; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162411262 - 22 Dec 2024
Viewed by 374
Abstract
This case study analyzes how Qatar rapidly achieved dairy self-sufficiency through public–private partnerships following the 2017–2021 blockade. Specifically, it examines the role of Baladna, Qatar’s leading dairy company, in scaling up its domestic production through alignment with government policies. A mixed-methods approach was [...] Read more.
This case study analyzes how Qatar rapidly achieved dairy self-sufficiency through public–private partnerships following the 2017–2021 blockade. Specifically, it examines the role of Baladna, Qatar’s leading dairy company, in scaling up its domestic production through alignment with government policies. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders from the Qatari government and Baladna and a review of Baladna’s internal documents and reports. Thematic content analysis was used to identify key themes, and data from Baladna’s reports were triangulated to validate the findings. Collaboration between Qatar’s government and Baladna ensured the self-sufficiency of domestic dairy demand, expanding operations with new products and exports, and strengthening supply chains. However, reliance on government support raises sustainability concerns, highlighting the need for efficiency and diversification. This partnership aligns with national policies, such as the Qatar National Food Security Strategy 2018–2023, and offers insights into how public–private collaborations can promote growth and supply security while balancing state support with market dynamics. This case study highlights how the blockade crisis catalyzed effective public–private collaboration, driving rapid growth in Qatar’s dairy sector to meet domestic demand. The lessons from Qatar’s developmental approach can provide insights for resource-rich countries struggling with food insecurity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Food)
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<p>Summary of the impact of public–private synergy on food security in Qatar.</p>
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25 pages, 18265 KiB  
Article
Assessing the Vulnerability of Lakes in Western Kazakhstan to Climate Change and Anthropogenic Stressors
by Kairat M. Kulebayev, Sayat K. Alimkulov, Aisulu A. Tursunova, Lyazzat K. Makhmudova, Elmira K. Talipova, Assel A. Saparova, María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero and Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri
Water 2024, 16(24), 3709; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16243709 - 22 Dec 2024
Viewed by 301
Abstract
The global water crisis, which intensifies each year, underscores the urgent need for accurate assessment and sustainable management of freshwater resources. Lakes, as significant components of surface water systems, are particularly vulnerable to human activities and climate change due to their slow renewal [...] Read more.
The global water crisis, which intensifies each year, underscores the urgent need for accurate assessment and sustainable management of freshwater resources. Lakes, as significant components of surface water systems, are particularly vulnerable to human activities and climate change due to their slow renewal rates. Western Kazakhstan, a region affected by economic development and intensive mining activities, faces acute water scarcity. A reliable water supply is crucial to meeting the requirements of industrial operations and the needs of the region’s population. Understanding the dynamics of lake systems and implementing effective conservation and restoration strategies are essential to addressing this challenge. This study, employing cartographic and remote sensing techniques, identified 323 lakes in Western Kazakhstan, covering a total area of 1944 km2. Comparative analysis with historical data from the 1960s and 1970s revealed a 23% decrease in the number of lakes exceeding 1 km2. The most significant decline was observed in the Atyrau and Mangystau Regions, where the number of such lakes diminished by a factor of three. These findings highlight the pressing need for an integrated, interdisciplinary approach to water resource management in Western Kazakhstan. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Hydrology)
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<p>Schematic map of the study regions.</p>
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<p>Schematic map of the study regions.</p>
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<p>Processing scheme for remote sensing data and classification of water surfaces.</p>
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<p>Example of excluding an object from the list of small lakes due to significant reduction in the area of its seasonal water surface and the lack of water in some years. Lake Zhumyrtkaly (Aktobe Region).</p>
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<p>Example of an object excluded from the list of lakes due to low values of water repeatability, according to the Occurrence GSW sets. Sorkol tract (West Kazakhstan Region).</p>
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<p>Geodetic measurements by a mobile receiver in real-time kinematic mode.</p>
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<p>Aerial photography using DJI Phantom 4 pro quadcopter (DJI: Shenzhen, China) and Autel Robotics EVO II(Autel: Hong Kong, China).</p>
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<p>Dependence of water volume on the surface area. (<b>a</b>) lakes of erosional origin; (<b>b</b>) lakes of suffusion-subsidence origin.</p>
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<p>Dependence of water volume on the surface area. (<b>a</b>) sor-deflation depressions; (<b>b</b>) lakes of kettle-hillock ridged.</p>
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<p>Dependence of water volume on the surface area. (<b>a</b>) relict lakes; (<b>b</b>) lakes of graben-fracture genesis.</p>
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<p>Map of natural lake distribution in the Western region of Kazakhstan by administrative division.</p>
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<p>Example of lakes regulated by channels or reservoirs in the study area.</p>
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<p>Evolution of the number of lakes over time.</p>
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<p>Evolution of the area of the lakes with time.</p>
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<p>Specific water supply per capita due to lake waters in the Western region of Kazakhstan.</p>
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<p>Map of average annual river flow (mm).</p>
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<p>Map of average annual precipitation (mm).</p>
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<p>Map of average long-term evaporation from the water surface (mm).</p>
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14 pages, 696 KiB  
Article
Psychometric Assessment of the Communication Skills Scale Among Peruvian Nurses and Factors Associated with Job Insecurity
by Gabriela Samillán-Yncio, Jhon Alex Zeladita-Huaman, Eduardo Franco-Chalco, Roberto Zegarra-Chapoñan, Iván Montes-Iturrizaga and Zulma Jeanette Rivera-Medrano
Healthcare 2024, 12(24), 2582; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12242582 - 22 Dec 2024
Viewed by 201
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Communication Skills Scale (CSS) among Peruvian nurses, as well as the factors associated with job insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We explored five models of confirmatory factor analysis [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Communication Skills Scale (CSS) among Peruvian nurses, as well as the factors associated with job insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We explored five models of confirmatory factor analysis for the CSS and its four subscales and assessed the convergent validity and criterion validity of the scale by analyzing its connection with job insecurity through stepwise multiple regression. We used insights from a focus group for the cultural adaptation of the scale. In the psychometric phase, 225 nurses participated through a virtual survey. Results: The psychometric analysis revealed that the CSS and its subscales have a robust internal structure—similar to the original questionnaire—and are optimally reliable in the Peruvian population. Furthermore, the results show that job insecurity was associated with contract type, communication skills, empathy, and job satisfaction. Conclusions: The CSS and its subscales are valid and reliable to be applied to Peruvian nurses. Initiatives should be undertaken to strengthen communication skills and increase job satisfaction among nursing professionals by improving their working conditions, especially in times of crisis, to reduce job insecurity and promote well-being. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Job Satisfaction and Mental Health of Workers)
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<p>Confirmatory factor models for each subscale of the CSS.</p>
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<p>Confirmatory factor model for the entire CSS.</p>
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15 pages, 1366 KiB  
Article
Effect of Homologous and Heterologous Booster in COVID-19 Vaccination
by Marija Vukčević, Mateja Despot, Aleksandra Nikolić-Kokić, Duško Blagojević, Milan Nikolić, Ana Banko, Tanja Jovanović and Dragana Despot
Pharmaceuticals 2024, 17(12), 1734; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17121734 - 22 Dec 2024
Viewed by 332
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 became a global health crisis in early 2020, and the way out of the crisis was the rapid development of vaccines by Sinopharm, Pfizer, and Sputnik, among others, which played a crucial role in controlling the pandemic. Therefore, this study aims [...] Read more.
Background: COVID-19 became a global health crisis in early 2020, and the way out of the crisis was the rapid development of vaccines by Sinopharm, Pfizer, and Sputnik, among others, which played a crucial role in controlling the pandemic. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the long-term immune response by measuring the levels of anti-S1 IgG antibodies induced by homologous and heterologous vaccination regimens. Methods: We investigated the titer of the anti-S1 IgG antibody produced for the viral surface antigen 3, 6 months after the second dose, before the third dose, and 1, 3, and 6 months after the third dose. Results: Anti-S1 IgG antibody levels significantly increased three/six months after the second dose and following the booster in individuals without prior COVID-19 infection who received all three homologous vaccine doses. The group that initially responded poorly to Sinopharm showed a significant and sustained increase after receiving the Pfizer booster. Additionally, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection between primary and booster vaccination boosted anti-S1 antibody titers in all individuals, regardless of the vaccine used. The highest vaccine efficacy was observed during the primary vaccination period and declined over time, especially during the omicron-dominant period. Conclusions: The results suggest that while homologous and heterologous booster doses can significantly enhance anti-S1 IgG antibody levels, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and the type of vaccine administered influence the duration and magnitude of the immune response. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pharmacology)
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<p>Marker of humoral immune response, anti-S1 IgG antibodies, after vaccination with (<b>A</b>) three (I–III) doses of Pfizer; (<b>B</b>) three (I–III) doses of Sinopharm; (<b>C</b>) all three (I–III) doses of Sputnik vaccine; and (<b>D</b>) a combination of Sinopharm and Pfizer vaccines (two doses of Sinopharm and third dose of Pfizer, SSP) in individuals with no history of COVID-19. * <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05; *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001.</p>
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<p>Marker of humoral immune response, anti-S1 IgG antibodies, after vaccination with (<b>A</b>) three (I–III) doses of Pfizer; (<b>B</b>) all three (I–III) doses of Sinopharm; (<b>C</b>) three (I–III) doses of Sputnik vaccine; and (<b>D</b>) a combination Sinopharm and Pfizer vaccines (two doses of Sinopharm and third dose of Pfizer, SSP) in individuals with a history of COVID-19.</p>
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<p>Comparison of different vaccines in time points 3 and 6 months after the second (II) dose; before the third (III) dose; and 1, 3, and 6 months after the third dose. Marker of humoral immune response, anti-S1 IgG antibody, during vaccination with all three doses of Pfizer (PPP); all three doses of Sinopharm (SSS); all three doses of Sputnik vaccine (SpSpSp) and a combination of Sinopharm and Pfizer vaccine (two doses of Sinopharm and third dose of Pfizer, SSP) in individuals without (<b>A</b>) and with (<b>B</b>) a history of COVID-19. * <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05; *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001.There were no differences among measured time points between groups in subjects with COVID-19 (ANOVA showed no statistical significance among groups) (<a href="#pharmaceuticals-17-01734-f003" class="html-fig">Figure 3</a>B). In addition, subjects who had COVID-19 had higher baseline values 3 months after the second dose in all groups studied, but again without statistical significance. However, subjects who had received three doses of the Sinopharm vaccine and had a history of COVID-19 had higher antibodies one month after the third dose (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05). However, the situation reversed after 6 months (<a href="#pharmaceuticals-17-01734-f004" class="html-fig">Figure 4</a>). In addition, the history of COVID-19 had prolonged the immune response in the SSP group up to 3 months after the second dose (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05), a difference that was similar before the third dose (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001).</p>
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<p>Comparison of anti-S1 IgG antibody levels in individuals with history/no/of COVID-19 in different time points 3 and 6 months after the second (II) dose; before the third (III) dose; and 1, 3 and 6 months after the third dose during vaccination with all three doses of Pfizer (PPP) (<b>A</b>); all three doses of Sinopharm (SSS) (<b>B</b>); all three doses of Sputnik vaccine (SpSpSp) (<b>C</b>); and a combination of the Sinopharm and Pfizer vaccine (two doses of Sinopharm and third dose of Pfizer, SSP) (<b>D</b>). * <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05; *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001.</p>
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3 pages, 339 KiB  
Editorial
Towards Perovskite Oxide-Based Electrocatalysts with Zero-Critical Elements for Sustainable Energy Production
by Chiara Aliotta and Francesca Deganello
Sustain. Chem. 2024, 5(4), 327-329; https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem5040023 (registering DOI) - 21 Dec 2024
Viewed by 156
Abstract
The well-being of the Earth and its inhabitants is compromised by the energy and climate crisis that has arisen from the prolonged and uncontrolled utilization of fossil fuels, which has caused a tremendous increase in anthropogenic CO2 and a consistent depletion of [...] Read more.
The well-being of the Earth and its inhabitants is compromised by the energy and climate crisis that has arisen from the prolonged and uncontrolled utilization of fossil fuels, which has caused a tremendous increase in anthropogenic CO2 and a consistent depletion of natural energy resources [...] Full article
23 pages, 4686 KiB  
Article
Measuring the Systemic Risk of Clean Energy Markets Based on the Dynamic Factor Copula Model
by Wensheng Wang and Rui Wang
Systems 2024, 12(12), 584; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12120584 (registering DOI) - 21 Dec 2024
Viewed by 228
Abstract
This study is based on the stock returns of 11 subindustry markets in the international clean energy market from 2010 to 2024 and constructs a skewed t distribution dynamic factor copula model. The time-varying load factor is used to characterize the correlation between [...] Read more.
This study is based on the stock returns of 11 subindustry markets in the international clean energy market from 2010 to 2024 and constructs a skewed t distribution dynamic factor copula model. The time-varying load factor is used to characterize the correlation between a single subindustry market and the entire system, and the joint probability of distress is calculated as a measure of the overall level of systemic risk. Two indicators, Systemic Vulnerability Degree and Systemic Importance Degree, are introduced to evaluate the vulnerability of a single subindustry market in systemic risk and its contribution to systemic risk. A conditional risk-spillover index is constructed to measure the risk-spillover level between subindustry markets. This method fully considers the individual differences and inherent correlations of the international clean energy market subsectors, as well as the fat tail and asymmetry of returns, thus capturing more information and more timely information. This study found that the correlation between subindustry markets changes over time, and during the crisis, the market correlation shows a significant upward trend. In the measurement of the overall level of systemic risk, the joint probability of distress can identify the changes in systemic risk in the international clean energy market. The systemic risk of the international clean energy market presents the characteristics of rapid and multiple outbreaks, and the joint default risk probability of the whole system can exceed 0.6. The outbreak of systemic risk is closely related to a series of major international events, showing a strong correlation. In addition, the systemic vulnerability analysis found that the biofuel market has the lowest systemic vulnerability, and the advanced materials market has the highest vulnerability. The energy efficiency market is considered to be the most important market in the system. The advanced materials market and renewable energy market play a dominant role in the risk contribution to other markets, while the geothermal market, solar market, and wind energy market are net risk overflow parties in the tail risk impact, and the developer market and fuel cell market are net risk receivers. This study provides a theoretical basis for systemic risk management and ensuring the stability of the international clean energy market. Full article
22 pages, 4441 KiB  
Article
Commodity Prices and the Brazilian Stock Market: Evidence from a Structural VAR Model
by E. M. Ekanayake
Commodities 2024, 3(4), 472-493; https://doi.org/10.3390/commodities3040027 (registering DOI) - 21 Dec 2024
Viewed by 166
Abstract
Brazil is a resource-rich economy that relies heavily on the exports of several important commodities. The variability of commodity prices affects both the economy and the stock market. This study investigates the relationship between commodity price shocks and stock returns in Brazil using [...] Read more.
Brazil is a resource-rich economy that relies heavily on the exports of several important commodities. The variability of commodity prices affects both the economy and the stock market. This study investigates the relationship between commodity price shocks and stock returns in Brazil using a structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model. This study uses monthly data on prices of five major export commodities, stock returns, and several control variables, covering the period from January 2010 to December 2022. To account for the Brazilian economic crisis between 2014 and 2016, we have analyzed the effects of commodity prices on stock prices in three different time periods, namely, before the economic crisis (January 2010–March 2014), during the economic crisis (April 2014–December 2016), and after the economic crisis (January 2017–December 2022). The empirical results of this study provide evidence to conclude that stock returns increase following a positive global commodity price shock or a positive exchange rate shock. The effects are more noticeable during the economic crisis in Brazil. The results also show that the volatility of Brazilian stock returns is mostly explained by global oil prices and exchange rate movements in the long run. Full article
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<p>Economic growth in Brazil. Note: The graph is based on data from The World Bank World Development Indicators database 2024 [<a href="#B2-commodities-03-00027" class="html-bibr">2</a>].</p>
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<p>Trends in the Brazilian BVSP stock index and prices of petroleum, iron ore, soybeans, poultry, and sugar.</p>
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<p>Relationship between Brazilian stock returns and the change in the price of petroleum. Note: The correlation coefficients between the change in petroleum price and stock returns in different time periods are as follows: 2010M1-2022M12 = 0.33; 2010M1-2014M3 = 0.45; 2014M4-2016M12 = 0.19; and 2017M1-2022M12 = 0.38.</p>
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<p>Relationship between Brazilian stock returns and the change in the price of iron ore. Note: The correlation coefficients between the change in iron ore price and stock returns in different time periods are as follows: 2010M1-2022M12 = 0.31; 2010M1-2014M3 = 0.31; 2014M4-2016M12 = 0.23; and 2017M1-2022M12 = 0.35.</p>
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<p>Relationship between Brazilian stock returns and the change in the price of soybeans. Note: The correlation coefficients between the change in soybean price and stock returns in different time periods are as follows: 2010M1-2022M12 = 0.18; 2010M1-2014M3 = 0.11; 2014M4-2016M12 = 0.01; and 2017M1-2022M12 = 0.31.</p>
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<p>Relationship between Brazilian stock returns and the change in the price of poultry. Note: The correlation coefficients between the change in poultry price and stock returns in different time periods are as follows: 2010M1-2022M12 = 0.18; 2010M1-2014M3 = −0.16; 2014M4-2016M12 = 0.10; and 2017M1-2022M12 = 0.25.</p>
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<p>Relationship between Brazilian stock returns and the change in the price of sugar. Note: The correlation coefficients between the change in sugar price and stock returns in different time periods are as follows: 2010M1-2022M12 = 0.05; 2010M1-2014M3 = −0.10; 2014M4-2016M12 = 0.28; and 2017M1-2022M12 = 0.10.</p>
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<p>Impulse response functions. Sample period: 2010M01–2022M12. Note: This is a response to Cholesky one SD (d.f. adjusted) innovations. A 95% C.I. using analytic asymptotic standard errors.</p>
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<p>Impulse response functions. Sample period: 2010M01–2014M03. Note: This is a response to Cholesky one SD (d.f. adjusted) innovations. A 95% C.I. using analytic asymptotic standard errors.</p>
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<p>Impulse response functions. Sample period: 2014M04–2016M12. Note: This is a response to Cholesky one SD (d.f. adjusted) innovations. 95% C.I. using analytic asymptotic standard errors.</p>
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<p>Impulse response functions. Sample period: 2017M01–2022M12. Note: This is a response to Cholesky one SD (d.f. adjusted) innovations. 95% C.I. using analytic asymptotic standard errors.</p>
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28 pages, 1447 KiB  
Article
From Surviving to Thriving: A Trauma-Informed Yoga Intervention for Adolescents and Educators in Rural Montana
by Lauren Davis, Brandon G. Scott, Greta M. Linse and Rebecca Buchanan
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(12), 1394; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14121394 (registering DOI) - 19 Dec 2024
Viewed by 247
Abstract
(1) Background: Due to the mental health crisis that has spiraled since the onset of COVID-19, particularly among the nation’s youth, the purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of a novel, school-based mental health intervention for high school students (ages [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Due to the mental health crisis that has spiraled since the onset of COVID-19, particularly among the nation’s youth, the purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of a novel, school-based mental health intervention for high school students (ages 15–17 years). This project’s main aim was to determine which intervention modality was more effective with students across two school districts with varying degrees of rurality (in-person delivery vs. remote delivery). A secondary aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of a remotely delivered, concurrent intervention for educators across both school districts. This study took place in rural southwestern Montana. (2) Methods: Utilizing a 6-week, trauma-informed yoga intervention, comparisons of mental and physical health outcomes were performed using cohort data drawn from participants’ physiological data and validated mental health survey measures. (3) Results: While physiological results were mixed across experimental groups, mental health outcomes were overwhelmingly positive for all groups. Additionally, educators reported improvements in career satisfaction and burnout levels. (4) Conclusions: Findings indicate a great deal of promise with this intervention in improving mental health outcomes for both students and educators. Moreover, a face-to-face intervention for students showed dramatic improvement in physiological stress indicators. Full article
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<p>Intervention design, adapted from Cook-Cottone (2020) [<a href="#B35-education-14-01394" class="html-bibr">35</a>].</p>
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<p>Mean cortisol levels by treatment group.</p>
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<p>Association between adverse childhood event (ACE) scores and cortisol levels, post-intervention.</p>
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12 pages, 282 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Emotional Distress in Oncology Palliative Patients: Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) and Palliative Outcome Scale (POS)—A Portuguese Cross-Sectional Study
by Florbela Gonçalves, Margarida Gaudêncio, Ivo Paiva, Francisca Rego and Rui Nunes
Cancers 2024, 16(24), 4232; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16244232 - 19 Dec 2024
Viewed by 289
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer patients in palliative care frequently experience psychological distress, encompassing cognitive, behavioral, and emotional dimensions. This distress can significantly affect their capacity to accept the inevitability of death. Commonly, such distress manifests as sadness, depression, anxiety, and fear, which may culminate in [...] Read more.
Introduction: Cancer patients in palliative care frequently experience psychological distress, encompassing cognitive, behavioral, and emotional dimensions. This distress can significantly affect their capacity to accept the inevitability of death. Commonly, such distress manifests as sadness, depression, anxiety, and fear, which may culminate in an existential crisis. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) and the Palliative Outcome Scale (POS) among hospitalized cancer patients receiving palliative care in a Portuguese palliative care unit. Methods: Data were collected from psychological screening instruments (ESAS and POS) used in oncology patients admitted to an oncology palliative service. The study period spanned from January 2021 to March 2021. Results: The study included a convenience sample of 60 patients diagnosed with advanced cancer who were sequentially admitted to a palliative care unit. The most frequently reported primary oncological diagnoses were gastrointestinal (41.7%) and head/neck (20%) tumors. The majority of the patients were male (n = 37; 61.7%), with a median age of 72 years (range: 43–94 years). Key findings from the analysis indicated the following associations: anxiety and self-reported symptoms (higher levels of patient anxiety related to illness or treatment were strongly correlated with increased self-reported anxiety (p < 0.01)); emotional sharing and perceived meaning of life (patients who shared their feelings less frequently with family and friends were significantly less likely to find meaning in life (p < 0.01) and were more likely to report a poorer self-perception (p < 0.05)); understanding the importance of life and self-perception (a diminished understanding of the importance of life was associated with worsened self-perception (p < 0.01)); anxiety and depressive symptoms (greater anxiety related to the disease or its treatment correlated with an increased severity of depressive symptoms (p < 0.01)). Discussion and conclusion: There are numerous validated instruments available for measuring emotional distress. Among these, the ESAS and POS complement each other as practical and easy-to-use tools for evaluating emotional distress in patients admitted to palliative care settings. Findings revealed that anxiety and concerns related to the disease and its treatment, as measured by the POS, served as predictors of the risk for self-reported anxiety and depression identified by the ESAS. Furthermore, the items within the POS that evaluate the emotional component demonstrated strong internal correlation, supporting their combined use for a comprehensive assessment of this dimension. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrating Palliative Care in Oncology)
18 pages, 910 KiB  
Article
Competencies of a Healthcare Manager in the Context of Hospital and Ambulateral Diagnostic Imaging Centers
by Agnieszka Mierzwa, Magdalena Syrkiewicz-Świtała, Bernadeta Kuraszewska, Rafał Świtała, Jolanta Grzebieluch, Beata Detyna and Jerzy Dariusz Detyna
Logistics 2024, 8(4), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics8040133 - 19 Dec 2024
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Abstract
Background: Today’s healthcare requires a modern style of management that adapts to the needs of both patients and employees. Imaging diagnostics has its specificity in the entire area of hospital logistics and influences the organization of work and patient care. Modern managers [...] Read more.
Background: Today’s healthcare requires a modern style of management that adapts to the needs of both patients and employees. Imaging diagnostics has its specificity in the entire area of hospital logistics and influences the organization of work and patient care. Modern managers should have special competencies to meet the expectations of patients, employees, and organizations. Aim: The main purpose of article was to define the role, competencies, and skills that managers should have in the field of diagnostic imaging. Methods: In the research part, a questionnaire survey and in-depth interviewing were used. The research group consisted of 10 managers and 300 medical staff, i.e., radiologists, nurses, and electroradiology technicians. Results: The decision-making role of the manager and their interpersonal skills were recognized to be most crucial. According to the respondents, managers should ensure good work organization and provide safe working conditions. Employees appreciated the manager’s ability to react in crisis situations as well as their high professionalism. The ability to communicate and resolve conflicts in a team was considered the most important psychological and social competence. Conclusions: A good manager, in the opinion of the respondents, is a decision-making, empathetic, and flexible person with strong leadership characteristics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Humanitarian and Healthcare Logistics)
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<p>Roles of the manager managing the facility, crucial for the proper functioning of the facility (results do not add up to 100% because respondents could indicate more than one answer). Source: own study.</p>
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<p>Competencies that a good DI facility manager should possess (results do not add up to 100% because respondents could indicate more than one answer). Source: own study.</p>
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<p>Factors that arouse appreciation in the person managing the facility (results do not add up to 100% because respondents could indicate more than one answer). Source: own study.</p>
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