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Keywords = code carriers redshift

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11 pages, 2120 KiB  
Article
Investigation of 2D-WH/TS OCDMA Code Stability in Systems with SOA-Based Device
by Mohamed Abuhelala, Umair A. Korai, Anderson L. Sanches, Wing C. Kwong and Ivan Glesk
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(21), 7943; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10217943 - 9 Nov 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2081
Abstract
This paper investigates for the first time how the implementation of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-based devices in photonic networks can negatively impact the integrity of two-dimensional wavelength-hopping time-spreading (2D-WH/TS) optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) codes based on multi-wavelength picosecond code carriers. It is [...] Read more.
This paper investigates for the first time how the implementation of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-based devices in photonic networks can negatively impact the integrity of two-dimensional wavelength-hopping time-spreading (2D-WH/TS) optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) codes based on multi-wavelength picosecond code carriers. It is demonstrated and confirmed by simulations that the influence of an SOA under driving currents of 50 mA to 250 mA causes a 0.08 to 0.8 nm multi-wavelength picosecond code carriers’ wavelength redshift. The results obtained are then used to calculate the degradation of OCDMA system performance in terms of the probability of error Pe and the decrease in the number of simultaneous users. It is shown that, when the SOA-induced 0.8 nm code carriers redshift becomes equal to the code carries wavelength channel spacing, the (8,53)-OCDMA system performs only as a (7,53)-OCDMA system, and the number of simultaneous users drops from 14 to 10 or 84 to 74 with the forward error correction (FEC) Pe of 10−9, respectively. The impact of the 0.8 nm redshift is then shown on a (4,53)-OCDMA system, where it causes a drop in the number of simultaneous users from 4 to 3 or 37 to 24 with the FEC Pe of 10−9, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers II)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Schematic diagram of the experimental setup with illustration of two-dimensional wavelength-hopping time-spreading (2D-WH/TS) code carriers in frequency (FD, top) and time (TD, bottom) domain, respectively. TD—time domain, FD—frequency domain, ps FMLL—picosecond fiber mode locked laser, OS—optical supercontinuum, DMUX—de-multiplexer, MUX—multiplexer, SOA—semiconductor optical amplifier, DCF—chromatic dispersion compensating fiber.</p>
Full article ">Figure 2
<p>SOA’s gain recovery time against the bias current.</p>
Full article ">Figure 3
<p>(<b>a</b>) Optical spectrum of the 2D-WH/TS OCDMA code based on four λ<sub>1</sub> to λ<sub>4</sub> multi-wavelength picosecond code carries before entering the SOA biased at ~175 mA; (<b>b</b>) after passing the SOA followed by dispersion compensated fiber link (DCF) and λ<sub>1</sub>–λ<sub>4</sub> decoder. VOA—variable optical attenuator, OFL—optical fiber lin.</p>
Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Experimental demonstration of code carriers’ wavelength redshift observed on the optical spectrum analyser: (<b>a</b>) code carriers at the input of the SOA; (<b>b</b>) effect of SOA on code carrier <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </semantics> </math> at an SOA current of 7 mA/6dB gain, 80 mA/12 dB gain, and 250 mA/24 dB gain, respectively; (<b>c</b>) similarly for <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </semantics> </math>; (<b>d</b>) for <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> </mrow> </semantics> </math>; (<b>e</b>) for <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msub> </mrow> </semantics> </math>; (<b>f</b>) illustration of redshift on all four wavelength code carriers for an SOA current of 250 mA/24 dB gain.</p>
Full article ">Figure 5
<p>The measured amount of code carriers’ wavelength redshift as a function of the SOA bias current.</p>
Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Wavelength red shift for the SOA biased at 250 mA. The dashed line is simulations and the dots are measured values for <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1550.12</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>nm</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1550.92</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>nm</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1551.72</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>nm</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>and</mi> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1552.52</mn> <mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>nm</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </semantics> </math>.</p>
Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Impact of SOA on 2D-WH/TS code based on four-wavelength code carriers as recorded by an optical spectrum analyser: (<b>a</b>) without and (<b>b</b>) with the SOA present in the chromatic-dispersion (CD) compensated transmission link.</p>
Full article ">Figure 8
<p>Probability of error as a function of K simultaneous users for a (4, 53)/(3, 53) and (8, 53)/(7, 53) 2D-WH/TS OCDMA system without/with the deployment of an SOA, respectively, the latter causing a one channel code carriers’ redshift.</p>
Full article ">
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