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Photonics
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Advancements in Fiber Lasers and Their Applications
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Advancements in Fiber Lasers and Their Applications

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732). This special issue belongs to the section "Lasers, Light Sources and Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 May 2025 | Viewed by 2823

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Tianshu Wang

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Guest Editor
National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Space Optoelectronics Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
Interests: ultrafast fiber lasers; optical communication
Prof. Dr. Chunyu Guo

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Guest Editor
College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
Interests: fiber lasers; optical communication
Prof. Dr. Xiaohui Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
Interests: ultrashort pulsed fiber laser technology; pulsed dynamics in fibers; mid-infrared fiber lasers; optoelectronic properties of low-dimensional materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fiber lasers, as third-generation lasers, are widely used in material processing, optical communication, fiber sensing, and other fields in recent years because of their excellent beam quality and high optical conversion efficiency. In the last decade, numerous theoretical and experimental results have been reported on the generation of mode-locked lasers, continuous high-power tunable fiber lasers, and ultrafast fiber laser communications. However, the practical application of fiber laser technology still faces many challenges, such as pulse compression and amplification technology, frequency stabilization, and noise suppression of mode-locked pulses. This Special Issue, “Advancements in Fiber Lasers and Their Applications”, welcomes fundamental methodological and applied cutting-edge research contributions. Topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • High-power fiber lasers;
  • Ultrafast fiber lasers;
  • Tunable fiber lasers;
  • Narrow-linewidth fiber lasers;
  • Mid-infrared fiber lasers;
  • Frequency combs;
  • Fiber laser applications.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Tianshu Wang
Prof. Dr. Chunyu Guo
Prof. Dr. Xiaohui Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Photonics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fiber lasers
  • optical communication
  • fiber sensing

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

7 pages, 1979 KiB  
Communication
Excess Intensity Noise in a Nonlinear Amplifying Loop-Mirror-Based Mode-Locked Laser from a Non-Reciprocal Phase Bias
by Dohyeon Kwon
Photonics 2024, 11(12), 1186; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11121186 - 18 Dec 2024
Viewed by 399
Abstract
We demonstrate a low-intensity-noise, nonlinear amplifying loop-mirror-based mode-locked fiber laser by optimizing the polarization of the non-reciprocal phase bias and the pump current. If the angle of the waveplate in the non-reciprocal phase bias to the polarization axis of a polarization-maintaining fiber is [...] Read more.
We demonstrate a low-intensity-noise, nonlinear amplifying loop-mirror-based mode-locked fiber laser by optimizing the polarization of the non-reciprocal phase bias and the pump current. If the angle of the waveplate in the non-reciprocal phase bias to the polarization axis of a polarization-maintaining fiber is not carefully aligned, parasitic polarization is induced. The parasitic polarization affects the minimum pump power and dynamic range of pump power for mode-locking, the intensity noise, and the comb power. To reduce intensity noise, the angle of the waveplate for the non-reciprocal phase bias is adjusted, and then the pump power is adjusted. The waveplate angle minimizing the intensity noise maximizes the dynamic range of the pump power for mode-locking and output power. As a result, the relative intensity noise has been suppressed by more than 32 dB at 15 kHz Fourier frequency. The polarization extinction ratio at the non-reciprocal phase bias is critical since it can determine a cavity loss and quality factor of a laser oscillator. Therefore, the additional polarizers cannot improve the intensity noise once the angle is mismatched and the polarization extinction ratio is degraded. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Fiber Lasers and Their Applications)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>(<b>a</b>) System description of a 207-MHz, nonlinear amplifying loop-mirror-based mode-locked laser. Er, Erbium-doped gain fiber; WDM, wavelength-division multiplexer, φ, non-reciprocal phase bias; FR, Faraday-rotator; QWP, quarter-waveplate; (<b>b</b>) RF spectrum measurement of repetition-rate with a high-bandwidth photodetector; (<b>c</b>) RF spectrum of a fundamental repetition-rate; (<b>d</b>) Optical spectrum in log-scale (left) and linear scale (right); (<b>e</b>) Relative intensity noise.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>(<b>a</b>) The lowest relative intensity noise of different QWP angle after pump power optimization; (<b>b</b>) The optical spectra of different QWP angle.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Pump power and corresponding comb power for each QWP angle. (i) −20°, black square, (ii) −10°, red circle, (iii) 0°, green triangle, (iv) 10°, blue star, (v) 20°, violet pentagon.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Relative intensity noise measurement when an additional polarizer is inserted at the output (denoted as w/polarizer). Curves (i) and (ii), curves (iii) and (iv), curves (v) and (vi) are operated at the same condition.</p> Full article ">
11 pages, 4528 KiB  
Article
Random Raman Lasing in Diode-Pumped Multi-Mode Graded-Index Fiber with Femtosecond Laser-Inscribed Random Refractive Index Structures of Various Shapes
by Alexey G. Kuznetsov, Zhibzema E. Munkueva, Alexandr V. Dostovalov, Alexey Y. Kokhanovskiy, Polina A. Elizarova, Ilya N. Nemov, Alexandr A. Revyakin, Denis S. Kharenko and Sergey A. Babin
Photonics 2024, 11(10), 981; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11100981 - 18 Oct 2024
Viewed by 671
Abstract
Diode-pumped multi-mode graded-index (GRIN) fiber Raman lasers provide prominent brightness enhancement both in linear and half-open cavities with random distributed feedback via natural Rayleigh backscattering. Femtosecond laser-inscribed random refractive index structures allow for the sufficient reduction in the Raman threshold by means of [...] Read more.
Diode-pumped multi-mode graded-index (GRIN) fiber Raman lasers provide prominent brightness enhancement both in linear and half-open cavities with random distributed feedback via natural Rayleigh backscattering. Femtosecond laser-inscribed random refractive index structures allow for the sufficient reduction in the Raman threshold by means of Rayleigh backscattering signal enhancement by +50 + 66 dB relative to the intrinsic fiber level. At the same time, they offer an opportunity to generate Stokes beams with a shape close to fundamental transverse mode (LP01), as well as to select higher-order modes such as LP11 with a near-1D longitudinal random structure shifted off the fiber axis. Further development of the inscription technology includes the fabrication of 3D ring-shaped random structures using a spatial light modulator (SLM) in a 100/140 μm GRIN multi-mode fiber. This allows for the generation of a multi-mode diode-pumped GRIN fiber random Raman laser at 976 nm with a ring-shaped output beam at a relatively low pumping threshold (~160 W), demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Fiber Lasers and Their Applications)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Artificial random reflectors of different types fs-inscribed inside the GRIN fiber core: (<b>a</b>) 1D in-line point reflector written along the fiber axis by the direct P-b-P technique, (<b>b</b>) similar 1D in-line reflector shifted off the axis; (<b>c</b>) 3D ring reflector written by SLM-assisted L-b-L technique, meaning that circular lines of overlapping points are inscribed in different planes with the average distance between the planes Δ<span class="html-italic">L</span> and integral length of the structure <span class="html-italic">L</span>.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Optical scheme for SLM-assisted writing of random reflective structures using a 4f system with a focus length of 20 cm.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Rayleigh backscattering level (<b>a</b>) and reflection spectrum (<b>b</b>) of ring-shaped random structure with length <span class="html-italic">L</span> = 2 mm inscribed in GRIN fiber.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Scheme of the Raman fiber laser with a random distributed reflector.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Output Stokes power together with a residual pump (<b>a</b>), spectra at different input pump powers (<b>b</b>) and output beam quality and intensity profile (color corresponds to intensity) in the waist shown in the inset, (<b>c</b>) of the MM RFL with an OC in-line random reflector (<span class="html-italic">L</span> = 120 mm, Δ<span class="html-italic">L</span> = 25 µm).</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Output Stokes power together with a residual pump (<b>a</b>), spectra at different input pump powers (<b>b</b>) and output beam quality and intensity profile (color corresponds to intensity) in the waist shown in the inset (<b>c</b>) of the MM RFL with an OC in-line random reflector (<span class="html-italic">L</span> = 60 mm, Δ<span class="html-italic">L</span> = 50 µm).</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Output Stokes power together with a residual pump (<b>a</b>), spectra at different input pump powers (<b>b</b>) and output beam quality and intensity profile (color corresponds to intensity) in the waist shown in the inset (<b>c</b>) of the MM RFL with an OC in-line random reflector (<span class="html-italic">L</span> = 2 × 120 mm, Δ<span class="html-italic">L</span> = 25 µm) with a relative shift Δ<span class="html-italic">y</span> ~ 3 μm.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>(<b>a</b>) Output power of laser with different samples of 3D random distributed reflectors (OC). (<b>b</b>) Generated Stokes power shown in larger scale.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>Output laser spectra in comparison with HR FBG reflectance spectra for different 3D random reflectors.</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>Measured beam quality parameter M<sup>2</sup> for lasers with different random reflectors at maximum RFL power (from left to right): 2.75, 3, 3.2 μJ. Inset: beam intensity (marked by different colors) profile in the waist.</p> Full article ">Figure 11
<p>Beam intensity profile at 5.3 W output power captured in the plane of the fiber end face (OC 3.2 μJ).</p> Full article ">
12 pages, 5941 KiB  
Article
Boundary Feedback Fiber Random Microcavity Laser Based on Disordered Cladding Structures
by Hongyang Zhu, Bingquan Zhao, Zhi Liu, Zhen He, Lihong Dong, Hongyu Gao and Xiaoming Zhao
Photonics 2024, 11(5), 467; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050467 - 16 May 2024
Viewed by 1261
Abstract
The cavity form of complex microcavity lasers predominantly relies on disordered structures, whether found in nature or artificially prepared. These structures, characterized by disorder, facilitate random lasing through the feedback effect of the cavity boundary and the internal scattering medium via various mechanisms. [...] Read more.
The cavity form of complex microcavity lasers predominantly relies on disordered structures, whether found in nature or artificially prepared. These structures, characterized by disorder, facilitate random lasing through the feedback effect of the cavity boundary and the internal scattering medium via various mechanisms. In this paper, we report on a random fiber laser employing a disordered scattering cladding medium affixed to the inner cladding of a hollow-core fiber. The internal flowing liquid gain establishes a stable liquid-core waveguide environment, enabling long-term directional coupling output for random laser emission. Through theoretical analysis and experimental validation, we demonstrate that controlling the disorder at the cavity boundary allows liquid-core fiber random microcavities to exhibit random lasing output with different mechanisms. This provides a broad platform for in-depth research into the generation and control of complex microcavity lasers, as well as the detection of scattered matter within micro- and nanostructures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Fiber Lasers and Their Applications)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Configuration and basic features of the fiber random microcavity. (<b>a</b>) The axial microscopic image of HCF filled with suspension. (<b>b</b>) The axial microscopic images of optical fiber random microcavities with different degrees of disorder formed by airflow modification. (<b>c</b>,<b>d</b>) Two random microcavity cross-sections of fiber random microcavities with different degrees of disorder. (<b>e</b>) Sketch of the basic experimental setup. P, polarizer. PBS, polarization beam splitter. BS, beam splitter. PM, power meter. OBJ, microscope objective. M, mirror. AD, Adjustable diaphragm. CCD, charge-coupled device, S, spectrometer. MC, microfluidic controller. The inset is a microscopic image of the end surface of the sample. From outside to inside, there are walls of HCF, disordered inner cladding, and the gain region.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>The spectral properties produced by a coherent random laser based on a localized regime. (<b>a</b>) The spectra of random laser with different pump energy densities. (<b>b</b>) The average photon counts at the peaks as the pump energy density changes. (<b>c</b>) The excitation spectrum of five consecutive pulses during long-term segmental measurement. (<b>d</b>) The changing trend of the average peak photon counts of five consecutive pulses collected at different periods.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>The spectral properties of random laser based on diffusion and partially coherent random lasers. (<b>a</b>) The variation of incoherent random laser spectrum generated with pump power density at position 2. (<b>b</b>) The average photon counts at the peaks as the pump energy density changes. (<b>c</b>) The spectrum of partially coherent random laser excited with pump power density increasing. (<b>d</b>) The corresponding average photon counts at the peaks.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>The PFT properties of random lasers based on strong localization and diffusive random lasers. (<b>a</b>) Power Fourier transform of the output spectrum produced by pumping position 1. The inset is the corresponding spectral information of a coherent random laser. (<b>b</b>) Power Fourier transform of the output spectrum produced by pumping position 2. The inset is the corresponding spectral information of a diffusive random laser. (<b>c</b>,<b>d</b>) The statistical characteristics of resonance peak intensity and equivalent optical cavity length in PFT, the red represents position 1 and the blue represents position 2.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>The cold cavity theory analysis of boundary feedback fiber random microcavity. (<b>a</b>) The radial simulation structure of optical fiber random microcavity. The color scale represents the refractive index. (<b>b</b>,<b>c</b>) The change in optical power distribution in the radial section with the number of scattering particles <span class="html-italic">n</span>. The color scale represents the optical power. (<b>b</b>) <span class="html-italic">n</span> = 100. (<b>c</b>) <span class="html-italic">n</span> = 3000. (<b>d</b>) The axial simulation structure of optical fiber random microcavity. (<b>e</b>,<b>f</b>) The change in optical power distribution in the axial section with the number of scattering particles <span class="html-italic">n</span>, (<b>e</b>) <span class="html-italic">n</span> = 100. (<b>f</b>) <span class="html-italic">n</span> = 3000.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>The theoretical spectral analysis of boundary feedback fiber random microcavity laser. (<b>a</b>–<b>c</b>) Spectral changes monitored from the fiber core to near the scattering boundary in the radial 2D model. (<b>d</b>) Radial section structure of optical fiber microcavity with regular boundary feedback. The color scale represents the refractive index. (<b>e</b>,<b>f</b>) Spectral changes monitored from the fiber core to near the scattering boundary in the radial 2D model.</p> Full article ">
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