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Research Progress in Groundwater Contamination and Treatment

A special issue of Environments (ISSN 2076-3298).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 April 2025 | Viewed by 2515

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens, Greece
Interests: potentially toxic elements; water-rock/soil interaction; environmental geochemistry; stables isotopes tracing; hydrogeochemical processes

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Guest Editor
School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens, Greece
Interests: mine water; water-rock/soil Interaction; environmental hydrogeology; microplastics in water resources; hydrogeochemical processes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Environment, Ionian University, 29100 Zakynthos, Greece
2. Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Maroussi, 15125 Athens, Greece
Interests: mineralogical characterization; clay, clay mineral, and other natural material applications in cosmetics, pharmaceutical, energy and the environment; nanocomposites’ synthesis and characterization; molecular simulations (quantum and classical) of clay minerals interacting with organic or inorganic materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81031 Aversa, Italy
Interests: advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment; micro-pollutant removal from water and wastewater; innovative technologies for groundwater remediation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Globally, groundwater contamination poses significant environmental and public health concerns, thus necessitating ongoing research efforts to understand its causes, impacts, and effective remediation strategies. Research progress in groundwater contamination and treatment is driven by the imperative to safeguard and conserve this vital resource for current and future generations. Researchers strive to ensure the sustainable use and protection of groundwater resources through advancements in understanding contamination processes, the development of innovative treatment technologies, and the enhancement of monitoring and management strategies. This Special Issue (SI) seeks to investigate current research advancements in distinguishing the sources and pathways of groundwater contamination, as well as to delve into remediation techniques and strategies, with a focus on evaluating the effectiveness and feasibility of various treatment methods.

The topics covered by this SI include, but they are not limited to, the following:

  • Sources and pathways of groundwater contamination;
  • Occurrence, mobilization, fate, and transport of contaminants/pollutants (e.g., potentially toxic elements—PTEs—etc.) in groundwater;
  • Micro- and nano-plastics as emerging contaminants in groundwater resources;
  • Innovative monitoring techniques;
  • Monitoring and occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs);
  • Techniques/methodologies for tracing sources of groundwater contamination/pollution;
  • Recent developments, breakthroughs, and challenges in groundwater treatment technologies;
  • Remediation technologies and strategies;
  • Scientometric analysis in the progress of groundwater research.

We encourage the submission of research articles, reviews, case studies, and technical notes that will advance knowledge in the field of environmental science, with a particular focus on research progress in groundwater contamination and treatment. By disseminating cutting-edge research findings and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, our goal is to enhance the foundation of collective knowledge and support well-informed decision-making regarding the protection and management of groundwater resources.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Panagiotis Papazotos
Dr. Eleni Vasileiou
Dr. Eleni Gianni
Dr. Simeone Chianese
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Environments is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • potentially toxic elements
  • contaminants of emerging concern
  • environmental tracers
  • remediation
  • groundwater quality
  • contamination
  • monitoring

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

24 pages, 8452 KiB  
Article
Pipeline-Related Residential Benzene Exposure and Groundwater Natural Attenuation Capacity in the Eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria
by Dogo Lawrence Aleku, Harald Biester and Thomas Pichler
Environments 2024, 11(10), 221; https://doi.org/10.3390/environments11100221 - 11 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1084
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the presence of benzene in the ground and drinking water in the eastern Niger Delta, where multiple oil and gas production facilities are present. Samples from drinking water wells were collected for measurements of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, [...] Read more.
This study was conducted to investigate the presence of benzene in the ground and drinking water in the eastern Niger Delta, where multiple oil and gas production facilities are present. Samples from drinking water wells were collected for measurements of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX). Additionally, the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration was determined for the first time to establish the groundwater’s total hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon load. The groundwater BTEX and benzene levels were up to 3904 µg/L and 3500 µg/L, respectively. DOC concentrations were up to 49 mg/L. The highest benzene concentrations were detected in wells near an underground petroleum pipeline. However, the concentrations decreased with distance from the pipeline to levels less than 0.1 µg/L. Despite benzene contamination, the aquifer has shown promising aerobic attenuation potential, having up to a 7.5 (95%) mg/L DO level and 2.11 mg/L BTEX biodegradation capacity for DO. However, the high groundwater temperature of up to 32.5 °C may weaken attenuation. The benzene and BTEX point attenuation rates ranged from 0.128 to 0.693 day−1 and 0.086 to 0.556 day−1, respectively. Hence, by natural attenuation alone, up to 66.5 and 85 years would be required to reach Nigeria’s groundwater benzene and BTEX remediation goals, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress in Groundwater Contamination and Treatment)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>A site map showing the groundwater sample location and oil and gas production facilities. Transect A, indicated in purple, shows the groundwater flow path in Okochiri.</p>
Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Piper diagram for groundwater of the study area.</p>
Full article ">Figure 3
<p>A box plot of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, and trimethylbenzene concentrations in the study area. The edges of the box represent the 75th and 25th percentiles, respectively. The “x” sign in the box represents the mean value. The solid line represents the median value. The branch gives the range of the data, except for the outliers.</p>
Full article ">Figure 4
<p>DOC concentrations in the study area. The box’s edges represent the 75th and 25th percentiles, respectively. In the box, the “x” sign and the solid line represent the mean and median values, respectively. The branch gives the range of the data except for the outliers.</p>
Full article ">Figure 5
<p>The relationship between groundwater benzene and other TEX concentrations and the distance from the petroleum pipeline leakage point in Okochiri for groundwater samples taken along the flow direction (transect A). The wells plotted are, from left to right, PSW 27, 28, 21, 22, 25, 26, 35, and REF 4.</p>
Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Accumulated precipitates on PVC overhead drinking water storage tank situated directly above the NNPCL pipeline in Okochiri.</p>
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<p>The relationship between Fe and pH in the groundwater in 2022 and 2023.</p>
Full article ">Figure 8
<p>The relationship between (<b>a</b>) benzene vs. DO, (<b>b</b>) toluene vs. DO, (<b>c</b>) ethylbenzene vs. DO, and (<b>d</b>) total xylenes vs. DO in Alode, Ogale, and Okochiri groundwater.</p>
Full article ">Figure 9
<p>The relationship between DO, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes concentrations along the groundwater flow direction (transect A) in Okochiri. From left to right, the wells plotted are PSW 27, 28, 21, 22, 25, 26, 35, and REF 4.</p>
Full article ">Figure 10
<p>A comparison between benzene concentrations in 2022 and 2023.</p>
Full article ">
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