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Biosensors
Special Issues
Application of Biosensors in Food Safety Analysis
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Application of Biosensors in Food Safety Analysis

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Biosensors and Biosensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 19859

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yanru Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
Interests: biosensors; point-of-care testing; antibody development; phage display
Dr. Yuanjian Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Coll Food Sci & Light Ind, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
Interests: biosensors; point-of-care testing; food safety
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jiawen Lei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
Interests: immunoassays or biosensors for rapid detection of hazardous in food or agri-products; antibody preparation; analytical method establishment
Dr. Ting He

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
Interests: immunoassays; antibody engineering; phage display; recombinant antibodies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Food safety has become one of the most serious concerns in public health. There is a growing demand to develop biosensors for fast, on-site detection of pollutants in food and agro-products. Bioreceptors, including antibodies, aptamer, peptides, etc. provide excellent sensitivity and specificity to the biosensor.

This Special Issue "Application of Biosensors in Food Safety Analysis" focuses on the recent advances in the development of immunosensors/immunoassays, lateral flow strips, aptasensors, peptide-based sensors and their applications in the detection of hazardous substances in food (including small molecules such as pesticides and mycotoxins, and big molecules such as foodborne pathogens and viruses). We invite submissions of research that help to advance the field of biosensors and its application for high-throughput analysis of hazardous factors in food and agro-products.

Dr. Yanru Wang
Dr. Yuanjian Liu
Dr. Jiawen Lei
Dr. Ting He
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antibody
  • aptamer
  • peptide
  • immunosensor
  • aptasensor
  • immunoassay
  • lateral flow assay

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

12 pages, 1584 KiB  
Article
Development of a Screening Method for Fluoroquinolones in Meat Samples Using Molecularly Imprinted Carbon Dots
by Ahmed Faried Abdel Hakiem, Idoia Urriza-Arsuaga and Javier L. Urraca
Biosensors 2023, 13(11), 972; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13110972 - 7 Nov 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2308
Abstract
An accurate and simple screening method has been developed for the determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Carbon dots were synthesized by simple hydrothermal treatment as highly fluorescent nano-sensors. They were subsequently used in the synthesis of organic-based molecularly imprinted polymers to develop fluorescence-based polymeric [...] Read more.
An accurate and simple screening method has been developed for the determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Carbon dots were synthesized by simple hydrothermal treatment as highly fluorescent nano-sensors. They were subsequently used in the synthesis of organic-based molecularly imprinted polymers to develop fluorescence-based polymeric composites using enoxacin as a representative dummy template molecule of fluoroquinolones. The method was optimized concerning the pH of the medium and composite concentration. The normalized fluorescence intensity showed efficient quenching under optimized conditions upon successive addition of the template, with an excellent correlation coefficient. The proposed method was applied to eight other fluoroquinolones, exhibiting, in all cases, good correlation coefficients (0.65–0.992) within the same linearity range (0.03–2.60 mg mL−1). Excellent detection and quantification limits were been obtained for the target analytes down to 0.062 and 0.186 mg L−1, respectively. All studied analytes showed no interference with enrofloxacin, the most commonly used veterinary fluoroquinolone, with a percentage of cross-reactivity varying from 89.00 to 540.00%. This method was applied successfully for the determination of enrofloxacin in three different types of meat samples: beef, pork, and chicken, with good recoveries varying from 70 to 100% at three levels. This new procedure is an easy analytical method that can be useful as a screening method for monitoring the environmental hazard of fluoroquinolones in quality control laboratories. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biosensors in Food Safety Analysis)
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Graphical abstract

Graphical abstract
Full article ">Figure 1
<p>Chemical structures of the template molecule (ENOX) and the target FQs.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Scheme of the synthesis of the CDs@MIPs.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>CD (<b>A</b>) and MIP@CD (<b>B</b>) nanoparticles.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Quenching of the MIP over the quenching of the NIP as a function of the (<b>A</b>) polymer concentration (n = 3) and (<b>B</b>) pH (n = 3). (<b>C</b>,<b>D</b>) Variation in the normalized signal in the MIP and the NIP for different concentrations of ENRO (n = 3). From top to bottom: 0, 0.33, 0.66, 0.99, 1.31, 1.64, 1.96, 2.30, and 2.60 mg L<sup>−1</sup>. (<b>E</b>) Calibration curves of ENRO for the MIP (blue line) and NIP (red line) (n = 3).</p> Full article ">
13 pages, 1194 KiB  
Article
Application of Highly Sensitive Immunosensor Based on Optical Waveguide Light-Mode Spectroscopy (OWLS) Technique for the Detection of the Herbicide Active Ingredient Glyphosate
by Krisztina Majer-Baranyi, Fanni Szendrei, Nóra Adányi and András Székács
Biosensors 2023, 13(8), 771; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13080771 - 29 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1557
Abstract
The herbicide active ingredient glyphosate is the most widely applied herbicidal substance worldwide. Currently it is the market-leading pesticide, and its use is projected to further grow 4.5-fold between 2022 and 2029. Today, glyphosate use exceeds one megaton per year worldwide, which represents [...] Read more.
The herbicide active ingredient glyphosate is the most widely applied herbicidal substance worldwide. Currently it is the market-leading pesticide, and its use is projected to further grow 4.5-fold between 2022 and 2029. Today, glyphosate use exceeds one megaton per year worldwide, which represents a serious environmental burden. A factor in the overall boost in the global use of glyphosate has been the spread of glyphosate-tolerant genetically modified (GM) crops that allow post-emergence applications of the herbicide on these transgenic crops. In turn, cultivation of glyphosate-tolerant GM crops represented 56% of the glyphosate use in 2019. Due to its extremely high application rate, xenobiotic behaviour and a water solubility (11.6 mg/mL at 25 °C) unusually high among pesticide active ingredients, glyphosate has become a ubiquitous water pollutant and a primary drinking water contaminant worldwide, presenting a threat to water quality. The goal of our research was to develop a rapid and sensitive method for detecting this herbicide active ingredient. For this purpose, we applied the novel analytical biosensor technique optical waveguide light-mode spectroscopy (OWLS) to the label-free detection of glyphosate in a competitive immunoassay format using glyphosate-specific polyclonal antibodies. After immobilising the antigen conjugate in the form of a glyphosate conjugated to human serum albumin for indirect measurement, the sensor chip was used in a flow-injection analyser system. For the measurements, an antibody stock solution was diluted to 2.5 µg/mL. During the measurement, standard solutions were mixed with the appropriate concentration of antibodies and incubated for 1 min before injection. The linear detection range and the EC50 value of the competitive detection method were between 0.01 and 100 ng/mL and 0.60 ng/mL, respectively. After investigating the indirect method, we tested the cross-reactivity of the antibody with glyphosate and structurally related compounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biosensors in Food Safety Analysis)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Standard calibration curve in the direct method with glyphosate-specific antibody immobilised on the sensor surface at 2.5 µg/mL concentration.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>The effect of the concentration of glyphosate conjugated to human serum albumin (GLY-HSA) conjugate immobilised on the sensor surface in different concentrations (5, 10, 20 µg/mL) on the sensor response.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>(<b>a</b>) The sensor responses of the glyphosate-specific antibody (a-GLY) at different concentrations (5 µg/mL, 2.5 µg/mL, 1 µg/mL, 0.5 µg/mL) using a sensor surface modified with 10 µg/mL GLY-HSA conjugate. (<b>b</b>) A titration curve of the sensor signal as a function of the antibody concentration.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Standard calibration curves of the OWLS immunosensor (10 µg/mL GLY-HSA, 2.5 µg/mL antibody, signal in mass in arbitrary units, statistical parameters: r<sup>2</sup> = 0.99, EC<sub>50</sub> = 0.604 ng/mL) (black rectangles, black solid line) and the ELISA determination (using the ELISA kit according to manufacturer’s protocol signal in optical density at 405 nm wavelength, statistical parameters: r<sup>2</sup> = 0.98, EC<sub>50</sub> = 10.7 ng/mL) (blue open circles, blue dashed line).</p> Full article ">
10 pages, 1659 KiB  
Article
Engineering of a Bacterial Biosensor for the Detection of Chlorate in Food
by Alexandra Vergnes, Jérôme Becam, Laurent Loiseau and Benjamin Ezraty
Biosensors 2023, 13(6), 629; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13060629 - 6 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1964
Abstract
Chlorate can contaminate food due to the use of chlorinated water for processing or equipment disinfection. Chronic exposure to chlorate in food and drinking water is a potential health concern. The current methods for detecting chlorate in liquids and foods are expensive and [...] Read more.
Chlorate can contaminate food due to the use of chlorinated water for processing or equipment disinfection. Chronic exposure to chlorate in food and drinking water is a potential health concern. The current methods for detecting chlorate in liquids and foods are expensive and not easily accessible to all laboratories, highlighting an urgent need for a simple and cost-effective method. The discovery of the adaptation mechanism of Escherichia coli to chlorate stress, which involves the production of the periplasmic Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase (MsrP), prompted us to use an E. coli strain with an msrP-lacZ fusion as a biosensor for detecting chlorate. Our study aimed to optimize the bacterial biosensor’s sensitivity and efficiency to detect chlorate in various food samples using synthetic biology and adapted growth conditions. Our results demonstrate successful biosensor enhancement and provide proof of concept for detecting chlorate in food samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biosensors in Food Safety Analysis)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Improved chlorate detection with minimal medium and reduced nitrate interference. (<b>A</b>) Schematic representation of the chromosomal fusion of the strain used in this study. (<b>B</b>,<b>C</b>) Strain CH184 (<span class="html-italic">hiuH-lacZ</span>) was cultured overnight at 37 °C in LB or M9 glycerol supplemented, or not, with NaClO<sub>3</sub> (0 to 50 μM), under anaerobic conditions, followed by ß-galactosidase assays. (<b>D</b>) Effect of nitrate (KNO<sub>3</sub>) on chlorate detection determined by following the <span class="html-italic">hiuH-lacZ</span> expression. Strain CH184 (<span class="html-italic">hiuH-lacZ</span>) was cultured overnight at 37 °C in LB or M9-glycerol supplemented with NaClO<sub>3</sub> (10 µM) and KNO<sub>3</sub> (0 to 3.000 µM), under anaerobic conditions, followed by ß-galactosidase assays. (<b>E</b>) Strain CH184 (<span class="html-italic">hiuH-lacZ</span>) was cultured overnight at 37 °C in M9-glycerol supplemented with NaClO<sub>3</sub> (0 to 50 µM) and KNO<sub>3</sub> (500 µM), under anaerobic conditions, followed by ß-galactosidase assays. Error bars indicate the standard deviation (<span class="html-italic">n</span> ≥ 3). Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s <span class="html-italic">t</span>-test (*** <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.001; ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.01; * <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.05; ns, not significant).</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Enhancing Chlorate Sensing in <span class="html-italic">E. coli</span> through Synthetic Biology Techniques. (<b>A</b>) Using the <span class="html-italic">msrP-lacZ</span> instead of the <span class="html-italic">hiuH-lacZ</span> fusion. Strains CH184 (<span class="html-italic">hiuH-lacZ</span>) and CH183 (<span class="html-italic">msrP-lacZ</span>) were cultured overnight at 37 °C in M9-glycerol supplemented with NaClO<sub>3</sub> (0 to 50 µM), under anaerobic conditions, followed by ß-galactosidase assays. (<b>B</b>,<b>C</b>) Using a ∆<span class="html-italic">msrP</span> strain increased <span class="html-italic">msrP-lacZ</span> fusion activity. Strains CH183 (<span class="html-italic">msrP-lacZ</span>) and CH589 (∆<span class="html-italic">msrP msrP-lacZ</span>) were cultured overnight at 37 °C in M9-glycerol supplemented with NaClO<sub>3</sub> (0 to 50 µM), under anaerobic conditions, followed by ß-galactosidase assays. (<b>D</b>) Two msrP-lacZ fusions in the chromosome. Strains CH589 (∆<span class="html-italic">msrP msrP-lacZ</span>) and LL1290 (∆<span class="html-italic">msrP::msrP-lacZ msrP-lacZ</span>) were cultured overnight at 37 °C in M9-glycerol supplemented with DMSO (7 mM) in the presence of NaClO<sub>3</sub> (0 to 50 µM), under anaerobic conditions, followed by ß-galactosidase assays. Error bars indicate the standard deviation (<span class="html-italic">n</span> ≥ 3). Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s <span class="html-italic">t</span>-test (*** <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.001; ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.01; * <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.05; ns, not significant).</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Enhancing Chlorate Detection in <span class="html-italic">E. coli</span> via Cultivation Medium Modification. (<b>A</b>) Adding DMSO to M9-glycerol increased <span class="html-italic">msrP-lacZ</span> fusion activity. Strain CH589 (∆<span class="html-italic">msrP msrP-lacZ</span>) was cultured overnight at 37 °C in M9-glycerol supplemented, or not, with DMSO (7 mM) in the presence of NaClO<sub>3</sub> (0 to 50 µM), under anaerobic conditions, followed by ß-galactosidase assays. (<b>B</b>) Strain LL1290 (∆<span class="html-italic">msrP::msrP-lacZ msrP-lacZ</span>) was cultured overnight at 37 °C in M9-glycerol or MA-glycerol supplemented with DMSO (7 mM) in the presence of NaClO<sub>3</sub> (0 to 50 µM), under anaerobic conditions, followed by ß-galactosidase assays. (<b>C</b>) Strain LL1290 (∆<span class="html-italic">msrP::msrP-lacZ msrP-lacZ</span>) was cultured overnight at 37 °C in M9 supplemented with different carbon sources and electron acceptors in the presence of NaClO<sub>3</sub> (10 µM), under anaerobic conditions, followed by ß-galactosidase assays. Error bars indicate the standard deviation (<span class="html-italic">n</span> ≥ 3). Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s <span class="html-italic">t</span>-test (*** <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.001; ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.01; ns, not significant).</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Detection of chlorate in food using a bacterial biosensor. Strain LL1290 (∆<span class="html-italic">msrP::msrP-lacZ msrP-lacZ</span>) was cultured overnight at 37 °C in M9 supplemented with DMSO (7 mM) under anaerobic conditions in presence of the food sample containing either 0.5 or 2 µM NaClO<sub>3</sub>. Subsequently, ß-galactosidase assays were conducted, with the error bars representing the standard deviation (<span class="html-italic">n</span> ≥ 3).</p> Full article ">
12 pages, 2570 KiB  
Article
A Magnetic-Bead-Based Immunoassay with a Newly Developed Monoclonal Antibody for Rapid and Highly Sensitive Detection of Forchlorfenuron
by Yubao Shan, Ting He, Ying Li, Jiang Zhu, Xiali Yue and Yunhuang Yang
Biosensors 2023, 13(6), 593; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13060593 - 30 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2505
Abstract
Forchlorfenuron (CPPU) is a widely used plant growth regulator in agriculture, and CPPU residue in food can cause harm to human health. Thus, it is necessary to develop a rapid and sensitive detection method for CPPU monitoring. In this study, a new monoclonal [...] Read more.
Forchlorfenuron (CPPU) is a widely used plant growth regulator in agriculture, and CPPU residue in food can cause harm to human health. Thus, it is necessary to develop a rapid and sensitive detection method for CPPU monitoring. In this study, a new monoclonal antibody (mAb) against CPPU with high affinity was prepared by a hybridoma technique, and a magnetic bead (MB)-based analytical method was established for the determination of CPPU by a one-step procedure. Under optimized conditions, the detection limit of the MB-based immunoassay was as low as 0.0004 ng/mL, which was five times more sensitive than the traditional indirect competitive ELISA (icELISA). In addition, the detection procedure took less than 35 min, a significant improvement over the 135 min required for icELISA. The selectivity test of the MB-based assay also showed negligible cross-reactivity with five analogues. Furthermore, the accuracy of the developed assay was assessed by the analysis of spiked samples, and the results agreed well with those obtained by HPLC. The excellent analytical performance of the proposed assay suggests its great potential for routine screening of CPPU, and it provides a basis for promoting the application of more immunosensors in the quantitative detection of low concentrations of small organic molecules in food. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biosensors in Food Safety Analysis)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Schematic diagram of the MB-based assay.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Characterization of hybridoma antibodies. (<b>a</b>) Sensitivity determination of hybridoma antibodies. (<b>b</b>) SDS-PAGE analysis of mAb 14G1 after purification from ascitic fluid. (<b>c</b>) Affinity constant determination of mAb 14G1 and CPPU.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Standard inhibition curves of developed MB-based assay (<span style="color:red">●</span>) and conventional icELISA (■) for CPPU under optimized parameters (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 3).</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Matrix effects of kiwifruit and grape samples. Standard curves of MB-based assay for CPPU in assay buffer and diluted kiwifruit extracts (<b>a</b>) and grape extracts (<b>b</b>).</p> Full article ">
10 pages, 3306 KiB  
Article
Accurate and Rapid Genetic Tracing the Authenticity of Floral Originated Honey with the Molecular Lateral Flow Strip
by Qian Wu, Qi Chen, Chao Yan, Jianguo Xu, Zhaoran Chen, Li Yao, Jianfeng Lu, Bangben Yao and Wei Chen
Biosensors 2022, 12(11), 971; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12110971 - 4 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1787
Abstract
Honey is a natural product and is heavily consumed for its well-known nutritional functions. Honeys with different floral origins possess distinctive flavors, tastes, functions and economic values. It is vital to establish an effective strategy for identifying the authenticity of honey. The intrinsic [...] Read more.
Honey is a natural product and is heavily consumed for its well-known nutritional functions. Honeys with different floral origins possess distinctive flavors, tastes, functions and economic values. It is vital to establish an effective strategy for identifying the authenticity of honey. The intrinsic genetic materials of pollen were adopted as target analytes for the effective identification of honey with floral origins. With an optimized protocol for the rapid gene extraction from honey, target genetic templates were amplified on-site with a portable device. Conveniently, all on-site amplified functional products were easily judged by the designed lateral flow strip (LFS), which was defined as the molecular LFS in this research. Additionally, the entire on-site genetic authentication of honey was completed in less than 2 h by visual observation. Commercial honey products have been successfully identified with excellent accuracy. This low-cost, high-efficiency and easy-operational strategy will greatly benefit the quality guarantee of foods with specific functions and geographical markers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biosensors in Food Safety Analysis)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>The schematic diagram of the rapid genetic authentication strategy for honey. The target DNA is first extracted by ultrasonication and amplified to produce the enormous functional amplicons with the designed primer set. The products of on-site amplifications were skillfully integrated with the molecular LFS and the detection results of amplicons can be easily and visually judged.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>The optimization results of ultrasonic time for pretreatment of honey samples: (<b>A</b>) The traditional metal bath method compared with the ultrasonication method for honey genome DNA extraction.; (<b>B</b>) Shows the DNA extraction efficiency after different ultrasonication time (0 min, 2 min, 5 min, 7 min, 10 min, and 15 min).</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Optimization of experimental parameters: (<b>A</b>) Primer concentration (0.04 μM, 0.08 μM, 0.12 μM, 0.16 μM and 0.35 μM); (<b>B</b>) Annealing temperature (50 °C, 53 °C, 55 °C, 58 °C and 61 °C); (<b>C</b>) Volume of antibody for conjugation (1 μL, 2 μL, 3 μL, 4 μL and 5 μL 1 mg/mL antibody); (<b>D</b>) Volume of K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> for pH adjustment (5 μL, 10 μL, 15 μL, 20 μL and 30 μL 0.1M K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>); (<b>E</b>) Suspension species (0.5%OVA, 10% BSA, 10% HSA, 0.5% Casein and 0.5% Casein−Na); (<b>F</b>) Categories of loading buffer (10 mM PBS, 10 mM Tris−HCL, 10 mM PB, 10 mM PBT and 10 mM Ac−AcNa).</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Authentication performance of the amplification−assisted molecular LFS: (<b>A</b>) Visual judgment results of honey samples adulterated at different ratio (0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 90% and 100%, <span class="html-italic">v</span>/<span class="html-italic">v</span>%) and the corresponding quantitative curves analyzed by ImageJ; (<b>B</b>) Calibration curve of the authentication performance.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Selectivity assay results of the amplification-assisted molecular LFS: (<b>A</b>) Visual observation results of amplification-assisted molecular LFS and corresponding curves of ImageJ treated results; (<b>B</b>) Quantitative analysis results of ImageJ treated results.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Determination results of 14 commercial honey samples: (<b>A</b>) Visual analysis results and corresponding quantitative curves treated by ImageJ; (<b>B</b>) Quantitative analysis results by ImageJ.</p> Full article ">

Review

Jump to: Research

23 pages, 5454 KiB  
Review
Multiplex Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering: An Emerging Tool for Multicomponent Detection of Food Contaminants
by Qingyi Wei, Qirong Dong and Hongbin Pu
Biosensors 2023, 13(2), 296; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13020296 - 19 Feb 2023
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5168
Abstract
For survival and quality of human life, the search for better ways to ensure food safety is constant. However, food contaminants still threaten human health throughout the food chain. In particular, food systems are often polluted with multiple contaminants simultaneously, which can cause [...] Read more.
For survival and quality of human life, the search for better ways to ensure food safety is constant. However, food contaminants still threaten human health throughout the food chain. In particular, food systems are often polluted with multiple contaminants simultaneously, which can cause synergistic effects and greatly increase food toxicity. Therefore, the establishment of multiple food contaminant detection methods is significant in food safety control. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique has emerged as a potent candidate for the detection of multicomponents simultaneously. The current review focuses on the SERS-based strategies in multicomponent detection, including the combination of chromatography methods, chemometrics, and microfluidic engineering with the SERS technique. Furthermore, recent applications of SERS in the detection of multiple foodborne bacteria, pesticides, veterinary drugs, food adulterants, mycotoxins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are summarized. Finally, challenges and future prospects for the SERS-based detection of multiple food contaminants are discussed to provide research orientation for further. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biosensors in Food Safety Analysis)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Illustration of SERS−based multicomponent detection in the food industry.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>(<b>A</b>) Schematic diagram of the process and outcome of a self-modelling mixture analysis of the SERS spectra of pesticides mixture [<a href="#B34-biosensors-13-00296" class="html-bibr">34</a>]. (<b>B</b>) Schematic structure of a neural network with 15 input layers and 3 output layers [<a href="#B40-biosensors-13-00296" class="html-bibr">40</a>]. (<b>C</b>) Illustration of the Au−PC strips and combination of PC separation and SERS detection for multicomponents [<a href="#B41-biosensors-13-00296" class="html-bibr">41</a>]. (<b>D</b>) Schematic illustration of on−site AFs detection in water using TLC−SERS [<a href="#B42-biosensors-13-00296" class="html-bibr">42</a>].</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>(<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>) Multiantibodies modified with gold nanoparticles for SERS multicomponent detection, and SERS spectra acquired with different clenbuterol and ractopamine concentrations [<a href="#B53-biosensors-13-00296" class="html-bibr">53</a>]. (<b>C</b>) The fabricate of the aptamer-modified probe [<a href="#B56-biosensors-13-00296" class="html-bibr">56</a>]. (<b>D</b>,<b>E</b>) Schematic diagram of the SERS strip for detecting viruses [<a href="#B57-biosensors-13-00296" class="html-bibr">57</a>]. (<b>F</b>) Schematic design of the parallel microdroplet channels for simultaneous detection of f−PSA and t−PSA [<a href="#B58-biosensors-13-00296" class="html-bibr">58</a>].</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>(<b>A</b>) Schematic illustration of the synthesis of a vancomycin−modified SERS platform [<a href="#B65-biosensors-13-00296" class="html-bibr">65</a>]. (<b>B</b>) Schematic illustration of the SERS−based sandwich immunoassay platform [<a href="#B54-biosensors-13-00296" class="html-bibr">54</a>]. (<b>C</b>) Schematic demonstration of the preparation of a G–SERS substrate [<a href="#B84-biosensors-13-00296" class="html-bibr">84</a>]. (<b>D</b>) Schematic illustration of the simultaneous detection of thiram and methamidophos [<a href="#B85-biosensors-13-00296" class="html-bibr">85</a>]. (<b>E</b>) Schematic demonstration of a multiplex SERS−based immunosensor [<a href="#B98-biosensors-13-00296" class="html-bibr">98</a>]. (<b>F</b>) Schematic demonstration of the 3D nanocauliflower substrate [<a href="#B99-biosensors-13-00296" class="html-bibr">99</a>].</p> Full article ">
24 pages, 2491 KiB  
Review
Assessing Meat Freshness via Nanotechnology Biosensors: Is the World Prepared for Lightning-Fast Pace Methods?
by Wen Xia Ling Felicia, Kobun Rovina, Nasir Md Nur ‘Aqilah, Joseph Merillyn Vonnie, Koh Wee Yin and Nurul Huda
Biosensors 2023, 13(2), 217; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13020217 - 2 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3656
Abstract
In the rapidly evolving field of food science, nanotechnology-based biosensors are one of the most intriguing techniques for tracking meat freshness. Purine derivatives, especially hypoxanthine and xanthine, are important signs of food going bad, especially in meat and meat products. This article compares [...] Read more.
In the rapidly evolving field of food science, nanotechnology-based biosensors are one of the most intriguing techniques for tracking meat freshness. Purine derivatives, especially hypoxanthine and xanthine, are important signs of food going bad, especially in meat and meat products. This article compares the analytical performance parameters of traditional biosensor techniques and nanotechnology-based biosensor techniques that can be used to find purine derivatives in meat samples. In the introduction, we discussed the significance of purine metabolisms as analytes in the field of food science. Traditional methods of analysis and biosensors based on nanotechnology were also briefly explained. A comprehensive section of conventional and nanotechnology-based biosensing techniques is covered in detail, along with their analytical performance parameters (selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, and detection limit) in meat samples. Furthermore, the comparison of the methods above was thoroughly explained. In the last part, the pros and cons of the methods and the future of the nanotechnology-based biosensors that have been created are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biosensors in Food Safety Analysis)
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<p>The available methods of biosensors for the detection of purine derivatives.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>The catabolism of ATP with the respective enzymes responsible for the oxidation of each compound.</p> Full article ">
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