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Biomimetics
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Biomimicry and Functional Materials: 4th Edition
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Biomimicry and Functional Materials: 4th Edition

A special issue of Biomimetics (ISSN 2313-7673). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomimetics of Materials and Structures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2025) | Viewed by 3840

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Tun Naw Sut

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Guest Editor
School of Chemical Engineering and Translational Nanobioscience Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Interests: biomembranes; biointerfacial science; supported lipid bilayers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Bo Kyeong Yoon

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Guest Editor
School of Healthcare and Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
Interests: antimicrobial lipids; lipid membrane biotechnology; biosensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biomimicry is a highly sought-out feature in various research fields and applications, such as biointerfacial science and biosensors, where natural biological structures and/or properties are required and/or desired for the intended functions. This is achieved by using functional materials that are built with inspiration from biology via the bottom–up self-assembly and/or the top–down process to replicate various aspects of biology. This allows for control over those aspects with reproducibility and the ability to finetune, which, otherwise, is limited in biology, so that relevant research and application needs are met.     

In this Special Issue, we welcome a wide range of research works, from fundamental studies to applications dealing with biofunctional materials. The goal of this Special Issue is to present and promote the valuable contributions of researchers and scientists across different disciplines on the development and applications of bioinspired and biomimetic functional materials, which will benefit the scientific community, and, hopefully, society at large.            

Dr. Tun Naw Sut
Dr. Bo Kyeong Yoon
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomimetics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomimetic systems
  • bioinspired materials
  • functional biomaterials
  • biointerfaces
  • bioengineering
  • biotechnology

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2712 KiB  
Article
Polyphenol–Inorganic Sulfate Complex-Enriched Straightening Shampoo for Reinforcing and Restoring Reduced Hair Integrity
by Tae Min Kim, Heung Jin Bae and Sung Young Park
Biomimetics 2025, 10(3), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10030132 - 22 Feb 2025
Viewed by 306
Abstract
Conventional hair-straightening methods that use chemical treatments to break disulfide bonds cause severe damage to the hair shaft, leading to weakened hair that is prone to reverting to its curly form in high humidity. Therefore, a unique haircare coating technology is required to [...] Read more.
Conventional hair-straightening methods that use chemical treatments to break disulfide bonds cause severe damage to the hair shaft, leading to weakened hair that is prone to reverting to its curly form in high humidity. Therefore, a unique haircare coating technology is required to protect hair integrity and provide a long-lasting straightening effect. Herein, we designed a hair-straightening technology by integrating a nature-inspired polyphenol–inorganic sulfate (PIS) redox agent into formulated shampoo, which achieves a desirable straightening effect through sulfate-induced disulfide breakage while preserving hair integrity through a polyphenol-reinforced structure. The interaction between polyphenols and residual thiols from the straightening process maintained a long-lasting straight hair structure and hair strength. Ellman’s assay showed a lower free thiol content from reductant-induced damaged keratin in PIS shampoo-treated hair than in sulfate-treated hair as the polyphenol–thiol bond was formed through the Michael addition reaction, thereby restoring the natural structure of the hair and enhancing its mechanical properties. Owing to the polyphenol coating, PIS shampoo-treated hair exhibited an antistatic effect and high hydrophobicity, indicating healthy hair. Furthermore, the polyphenol coating effectively scavenged radical oxygen species (ROS) in the hair, thereby improving damage protection. Thus, PIS shampoo offers an alternative approach for effective hair straightening. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomimicry and Functional Materials: 4th Edition)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Schematic illustration of the effect of polyphenol–inorganic sulfate (PIS) shampoo on hair-straightening and integrity maintenance.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>(<b>a</b>) Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement, (<b>b</b>) UV-Vis spectra, (<b>c</b>) FTIR spectra, and (<b>d</b>) thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) measurement of PIS nanoparticles. A: DDW, B: sodium sulfate (SS), C: green tea leaf extract (GTLE)–DOPA, D: PIS mixture.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>(<b>a</b>) Atomic force microscopy images, (<b>b</b>) water contact angle measurement, and (<b>c</b>) source meter resistance measurement of PIS-coated Si wafer. A: bare Si wafer, B: SS-coated Si wafer, C: GTLE–DOPA-coated Si wafer, D: PIS-coated Si wafer.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>(<b>a</b>) Image of the actual hair-straightening effect of PIS nanoparticles and (<b>b</b>) Ellman’s assay using 5,5′-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) to measure the amount of free thiol in the hair (indicated by TNB concentration quantified by absorbance measured at 412 nm). A: DDW, B: sodium sulfate (SS), C: green tea leaf extract (GTLE)–DOPA, D: PIS mixture.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>(<b>a</b>) 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, (<b>b</b>) superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay, (<b>c</b>) reactive oxygen species (ROS) cell staining assay, (<b>d</b>) live–dead staining assay, and (<b>e</b>) MTT assay of PIS nanoparticles. A: DDW, B: sodium sulfate (SS), C: green tea leaf extract (GTLE)–DOPA, D: PIS mixture.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>(<b>a</b>) Image showing the straightening effect on curly hair before and after treatment with PIS shampoo, (<b>b</b>) hydrophobicity test on the hair surface, (<b>c</b>) tensile strain test, and (<b>d</b>) Ellman’s assay of PIS shampoo-treated hair. S-A: only shampoo, S-B: shampoo + SS, S-C: shampoo + GTLE–DOPA, and S-D: PIS shampoo.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>(<b>a</b>) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and (<b>b</b>) antistatic test of PIS shampoo-treated hair. S-A: only shampoo, S-B: shampoo + SS, S-C: shampoo + GTLE–DOPA, and S-D: PIS shampoo.</p> Full article ">
14 pages, 10501 KiB  
Article
Study of Self-Locking Structure Based on Surface Microstructure of Dung Beetle Leg Joint
by Dexin Sun, Sen Lin, Yubo Wang, Jiandong Cui, Zhiwei Tuo, Zhaohua Lin, Yunhong Liang and Luquan Ren
Biomimetics 2024, 9(10), 622; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9100622 - 14 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1009
Abstract
Dung beetle leg joints exhibit a remarkable capacity to support substantial loads, which is a capability significantly influenced by their surface microstructure. The exploration of biomimetic designs inspired by the surface microstructure of these joints holds potential for the development of efficient self-locking [...] Read more.
Dung beetle leg joints exhibit a remarkable capacity to support substantial loads, which is a capability significantly influenced by their surface microstructure. The exploration of biomimetic designs inspired by the surface microstructure of these joints holds potential for the development of efficient self-locking structures. However, there is a notable absence of research focused on the surface microstructure of dung beetle leg joints. In this study, we investigated the structural characteristics of the surface microstructures present in dung beetle leg joints, identifying the presence of fish-scale-like, brush-like, and spike-like microstructures on the tibia and femur. Utilizing these surface microstructural characteristics, we designed a self-locking structure that successfully demonstrated functionality in both the rotational direction of the structure and self-locking in the reverse direction. At a temperature of 20 °C, the biomimetic closure featuring a self-locking mechanism was capable of generating a self-locking force of 18 N. The bionic intelligent joint, characterized by its unique surface microstructure, presents significant potential applications in aerospace and various engineering domains, particularly as a critical component in folding mechanisms. This research offers innovative design concepts for folding mechanisms, such as those utilized in satellite solar panels and solar panels for asteroid probes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomimicry and Functional Materials: 4th Edition)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>(<b>a</b>) Overall morphology of dung beetles; (<b>b</b>) a dung beetle pushing a ball; (<b>c</b>) three-dimensional reconstruction model of dung beetle leg joint; (<b>d</b>) SEM images of dung beetle leg joints.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>SEM images of microstructures at the surface joints of dung beetle leg joints. (<b>a</b>,<b>a<sub>1</sub></b>,<b>a<sub>2</sub></b>) Tibia and its surface microstructure; (<b>b</b>,<b>b<sub>1</sub></b>) fish-scale-like microstructure; (<b>c</b>,<b>c<sub>1</sub></b>) brush-like microstructure; (<b>d</b>,<b>d<sub>1</sub></b>) spike-like microstructure; (<b>e</b>,<b>e<sub>1</sub></b>,<b>e<sub>2</sub></b>) femur and its surface microstructure.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>(<b>a</b>) Fish-scale microstructure on the surface of tibia segment; (<b>b</b>) brush-like microstructure on the surface of the tibia segment; (<b>c</b>) laser confocal image, height cloud map, and some microstructural contour lines of the surface microstructure on the surface of the femur segment with a brush-like microstructure. The color arrow in the height cloud image is the position of extracting the contour line, and the color of the arrow matches the color of the final contour line.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>(<b>a</b>) Schematic and physical drawings of microstructure samples with fish scale, brush and plane; (<b>b</b>) fish scale, (<b>c</b>) brush, and (<b>d</b>) plane photomicrography, laser confocal, and contour curves of the microstructure. The white arrow indicates a microstructural unit.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>(<b>a</b>) The force direction diagram of the fish-scale structure and the brush-like structure; force–displacement curves of fish-scale and brush-like structures against structural friction at (<b>b</b>) 20 °C and (<b>c</b>) 80 °C; (<b>d</b>) the force direction diagram of the fish-scale structure and the brush-like structure; force–displacement curves of fish-scale and brush-like structures at (<b>e</b>) 20 °C and (<b>f</b>) 80 °C; (<b>g</b>) the force direction diagram of the fish-scale structure and plane, brush structure and plane; (<b>h</b>) force–displacement curve of the friction of the fish-scale structure and plane at 20 °C; (<b>i</b>) force–displacement curve of brush structure and plane friction at 20 °C.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>(<b>a</b>) Schematic diagram of a bionic joint with a self-locking structure. The orange dotted lines are self-locking microstructures; (<b>b</b>) bionic joint with self-locking structure to withstand 500 g weights; (<b>c</b>) bionic joints with self-locking structures; (<b>d</b>) self-locking force of bionic joint with self-locking structure at 20 °C; (<b>e</b>) self-locking force of bionic joint with self-locking structure at 80 °C; (<b>f</b>) the friction force of a structurally free bionic joint when rotated at 20 °C.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>(<b>a</b>) Model of a satellite solar panel fitted with a bionic joint; (<b>b</b>) driving the satellite solar panel model to unfold and self-lock; (<b>c</b>) traditional bearing structure and bionic joint; (<b>d</b>) the satellite solar panel model deploys and self-locks; (<b>e</b>) the application potential and mechanism design of bionic joints in the aerospace field. The dotted lines and arrows point to bionic joints with self-locking structures.</p> Full article ">
12 pages, 7500 KiB  
Article
Bionic Design of High-Performance Joints: Differences in Failure Mechanisms Caused by the Different Structures of Beetle Femur–Tibial Joints
by Jiandong Cui, Yubo Wang, Sen Lin, Zhiwei Tuo, Zhaohua Lin, Yunhong Liang and Luquan Ren
Biomimetics 2024, 9(10), 605; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9100605 - 8 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 937
Abstract
Beetle femur–tibial joints can bear large loads, and the joint structure plays a crucial role. Differences in living habits will lead to differences in femur–tibial joint structure, resulting in different mechanical properties. Here, we determined the structural characteristics of the femur–tibial joints of [...] Read more.
Beetle femur–tibial joints can bear large loads, and the joint structure plays a crucial role. Differences in living habits will lead to differences in femur–tibial joint structure, resulting in different mechanical properties. Here, we determined the structural characteristics of the femur–tibial joints of three species of beetles with different living habits. The tibia of Scarabaeidae Protaetia brevitarsis and Cetoniidae Torynorrhina fulvopilosa slide through cashew-shaped bumps on both sides of the femur in a guide rail consisting of a ring and a cone bump. The femur–tibial joint of Buprestidae Chrysodema radians is composed of a conical convex tibia and a circular concave femur. A bionic structure design was developed out based on the characteristics of the structure of the femur–tibial joints. Differences in the failure of different joint models were obtained through experiments and finite element analysis. The experimental results show that although the spherical connection model can bear low loads, it can maintain partial integrity of the structure and avoid complete failure. The cuboid connection model shows a higher load-bearing capacity, but its failure mode is irreversible deformation. As key parts of rotatable mechanisms, the bionic models have the potential for wide application in the high-load engineering field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomimicry and Functional Materials: 4th Edition)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Adult, joint, and tibial terminal height cloud images of (<b>a</b>) PB, (<b>b</b>) TF, and (<b>c</b>) CR.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>A three-dimensional reconstructive model SEM images of femur–tibial joints of (<b>a</b>) PB, (<b>b</b>) TF, and (<b>c</b>) CR.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>(<b>a</b>) Fish-scale microstructure on the surface of tibia segment; (<b>b</b>) brush-like microstructure on the surface of tibia segment; (<b>c</b>) laser confocal image, height cloud map, and some microstructural contour lines of the surface microstructure on the surface of femur segment with brush-like microstructure.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Mechanical test results of the femur–tibial joints of PB, TF, and CR. (<b>a</b>) Ratios of breaking force to leg weight for the joints of the beetles; (<b>b</b>) ratios of breaking force to beetle weight for the joints of the beetles; force-displacement curves of the (<b>c</b>) tensile tests, and (<b>d</b>) compression tests of the joints.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Femur–tibial joints of (<b>a</b>) PB, (<b>b</b>) TF, and (<b>c</b>) CR Micro-CT scans, and (<b>d</b>) simplified model.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>(<b>a</b>) Model 1 and (<b>c</b>) Model 2 tensile DIC process diagram; compression DIC process diagrams for (<b>b</b>) Model 1 and (<b>d</b>) Model 2.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Finite element simulation stress cloud maps of (<b>a</b>) Model 1, and (<b>b</b>) Model 2. Finite element simulation strain cloud maps of (<b>c</b>) Model 1, and (<b>d</b>) Model 2.</p> Full article ">

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17 pages, 1007 KiB  
Systematic Review
Mechanical Properties of Cocoon Silk Derivatives for Biomedical Application: A Systematic Review
by Alynah J. Adams, Maria J. Escobar-Domingo, Jose Foppiani, Agustin N. Posso, Dorien I. Schonebaum, Noelle Garbaccio, Jade E. Smith, Lacey Foster, Audrey K. Mustoe, Micaela Tobin, Bernard T. Lee and Samuel J. Lin
Biomimetics 2024, 9(11), 675; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9110675 - 6 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1069
Abstract
Background: Despite cocoon silk’s well-known strength, biocompatibility, and hypoallergenic properties, its potential medical applications remain largely unexplored. This review, therefore, is of significance as it evaluates the mechanical properties and clinical potential of cocoon silk, a material with promising applications in biomaterials and [...] Read more.
Background: Despite cocoon silk’s well-known strength, biocompatibility, and hypoallergenic properties, its potential medical applications remain largely unexplored. This review, therefore, is of significance as it evaluates the mechanical properties and clinical potential of cocoon silk, a material with promising applications in biomaterials and tissue engineering. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Our focus was on the primary outcomes of tensile strength and elongation at break, and the secondary outcomes included other mechanical properties, applications, and complications. Results: Out of the 192 silk-related studies, 9 met the criteria. These studies revealed that cocoon silk derivatives exhibit a wide range of tensile strength, from 0.464 to 483.9 MPa (with a median of 4.27 MPa), and elongation at break, from 2.56% to 946.5% (with a median of 60.0%). Biomedical applications of cocoon silk derivatives span from tissue regeneration (n = 6) to energy harvesting (n = 4). Complications often arose from material fragility in non-optimized derivative components. Conclusions: While cocoon silk shows expansive promise due to its suitable mechanical properties and low complication risk, plenty remains to be discovered. Future research is crucial to fully realizing its vast surgical and biomedical potential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomimicry and Functional Materials: 4th Edition)
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Figure 1
<p>PRISMA flow diagram [<a href="#B14-biomimetics-09-00675" class="html-bibr">14</a>,<a href="#B15-biomimetics-09-00675" class="html-bibr">15</a>].</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Biomedical applications of included studies.</p> Full article ">
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