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Volume 10
Issue 9
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Healthcare, Volume 10, Issue 9 (September 2022) – 213 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): The Italian government has started the regulatory process of osteopathy to include it among the healthcare professions mentioning terms such as “perceptual palpation” and “somatic dysfunction” in the professional profile. Palpatory findings are one of the aspects that can inform osteopathic clinical reasoning. The aim of this study was to investigate how Italian experts use palpatory findings in their practice. A qualitative inductive approach with a constructivist paradigm was chosen. The themes that emerged were: osteopathic identity, evaluation, osteopathic diagnosis, and sharing. Participants concurred regarding the distinctiveness of osteopathic palpation, but disagreed on the significance of the findings, highlighting a multidimensional clinical approach. The results reflect the quick evolution of the profession in Italy, which leads professionals to blend tradition and evidence. View this paper
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23 pages, 913 KiB  
Review
Readmission of Patients to Acute Psychiatric Hospitals: Influential Factors and Interventions to Reduce Psychiatric Readmission Rates
by Ernest Owusu, Folajinmi Oluwasina, Nnamdi Nkire, Mobolaji A. Lawal and Vincent I. O. Agyapong
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1808; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091808 - 19 Sep 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 10018
Abstract
Background: Appropriate and adequate treatment of psychiatric conditions in the community or at first presentation to the hospital may prevent rehospitalization. Information about hospital readmission factors may help to reduce readmission rates. This scoping review sought to examine the readmission of patients to [...] Read more.
Background: Appropriate and adequate treatment of psychiatric conditions in the community or at first presentation to the hospital may prevent rehospitalization. Information about hospital readmission factors may help to reduce readmission rates. This scoping review sought to examine the readmission of patients to acute psychiatric hospitals to determine predictors and interventions to reduce psychiatric readmission rates. Method: A scoping review was conducted in eleven bibliographic databases to identify the relevant peer-reviewed studies. Two reviewers independently assessed full-text articles, and a screening process was undertaken to identify studies for inclusion in the review. PRISMA checklist was adopted, and with the Covidence software, 75 articles were eligible for review. Data extraction was conducted, collated, summarized, and findings reported. Result: 75 articles were analyzed. The review shows that learning disabilities, developmental delays, alcohol, drug, and substance abuse, were crucial factors that increased the risk of readmission. Greater access to mental health services in residential treatment and improved crisis intervention in congregate care settings were indicated as factors that reduce the risk of readmission. Conclusion: High rates of readmission may adversely impact healthcare spending. This study suggests a need for focused health policies to address readmission factors and improve community-based care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Healthcare Strategy and Community Care)
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<p>PRISMA flow chart.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Summary of Continents selected for Study.</p> Full article ">
9 pages, 256 KiB  
Article
Lifestyle in Obese Individuals during the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Giovanna Pavone, Nicola Tartaglia, Michele De Fazio, Vincenzo Monda, Anna Valenzano, Giuseppe Cibelli, Rita Polito, Maria Ester La Torre, Fabio Scattarella, Laura Mosca, Alessia Scarinci, Gennaro Martines, Mario Pacilli, Giovanni Messina, Marcellino Monda, Antonietta Messina and Antonio Ambrosi
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1807; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091807 - 19 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1883
Abstract
Background: Stay-at-home orders in response to the Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic have forced abrupt changes to daily routines. The aim of this study is to describe the behavior of lifestyles of individuals with obesity on the waiting list for bariatric surgery in the [...] Read more.
Background: Stay-at-home orders in response to the Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic have forced abrupt changes to daily routines. The aim of this study is to describe the behavior of lifestyles of individuals with obesity on the waiting list for bariatric surgery in the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of University of Foggia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: From June 2020 to December 2020 an online survey format was administered to all the patients (n = 52) enrolled for bariatric surgery subjects with obesity, to obtain information about the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on patients with obesity starting 9 March 2020 until 18 May 2020. Results: Our data showed that 58% of patients stated that the pandemic negatively affected their mood, 60% of patients confirmed that they changed their dietary behaviors during the stay-at-home period, as they consumed more unhealthy foods or spent less time cooking home cooked meals. In addition, 71% of patients stated that the closure of the gyms worsened their obesity condition and their mental well-being with an increase of a feeling of anxiety. Conclusions: Results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on health behaviors, including quality of life, mental health physical activity, weight maintenance, and consumption of sweets in obese patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Coronaviruses (CoV) and COVID-19 Pandemic)
2 pages, 189 KiB  
Editorial
Biological and Clinical Aspects on the Treatment of Schizophrenia and Related Disorders: New Challenges
by José Antonio Monreal and Alexandre González-Rodríguez
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1806; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091806 - 19 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1652
Abstract
For several decades, it has been postulated that dopaminergic pathways explain the neurobiology of schizophrenia, the biological underpinnings of treatment responses and the main mechanisms of action of antipsychotics [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological and Clinical Aspects on the Treatment of Schizophrenia and Related Disorders)
10 pages, 568 KiB  
Article
The Mediating Effects of Social Support on the Relationship between Uncertainty and Quality of Life among Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Survey
by Jin-Won Choi, Wi-Young So and Kyoung-Mi Kim
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1805; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091805 - 19 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2184
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the mediating effects of social support on the relationship between uncertainty and quality of life (QOL) in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP). Methods: From 1 July 2019 to 25 March 2020, data were collected using [...] Read more.
Background: This study aimed to investigate the mediating effects of social support on the relationship between uncertainty and quality of life (QOL) in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP). Methods: From 1 July 2019 to 25 March 2020, data were collected using a structured questionnaire from inpatients and outpatients > 20 years of age with chronic LBP lasting > 3 months. Inpatients included patients waiting for surgery and those recovering after surgery. The exclusion criteria were cancer and other serious pathological diseases. The relationships between uncertainty, social support, and QOL were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Results: Uncertainty, the independent variable, exerted a significant effect on social support, the mediator (B = 0.33, p < 0.001). In addition, both uncertainty (B = 0.37, p < 0.001) and social support (B = 0.45, p < 0.001) exerted statistically significant effects on QOL, the dependent variable. Conclusions: Disease-related uncertainty can reduce QOL in patients with chronic LBP, and this relationship is mediated by the level of social support. To develop strategies for strengthening social support from healthcare providers, family, and friends, future studies should examine the experiences of patients with chronic LBP from various perspectives, including pain intensity and duration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vertebral Related Diseases in Healthcare: The Role of Pain Management and Rehabilitation)
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<p>Flowchart of patients with chronic low back pain in this study.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Mediating effects of social support on the relationship between uncertainty and quality of life.</p> Full article ">
3 pages, 560 KiB  
Correction
Correction: Yeoh et al. Pericapsular Nerve Group Block and Iliopsoas Plane Block: A Scoping Review of Quadriceps Weakness after Two Proclaimed Motor-Sparing Hip Blocks. Healthcare 2022, 10, 1565
by Shang-Ru Yeoh, Yen Chou, Shun-Ming Chan, Jin-De Hou and Jui-An Lin
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1804; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091804 - 19 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2744
Abstract
In the original publication [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue All-Time Paradigm Shift of Anesthesia Management and Pain Medicine)
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<p>Injectate spread in living human subjects after iliopsoas plane block (IPB): (<b>a</b>–<b>d</b>) The most commonly observed pattern of injectate spread after 5 mL IPB, illustrated as the green-colored area, is superimposed on the four transverse section levels as depicted in Figure 1; (<b>e</b>) The injectate spread is colored in faded green and is overlayed by the iliopsoas complex to demonstrate its spatial relationship to iliacus minor (IM) and iliopsoas tendon (IT). Note that the injectate is confined within a well-defined iliopsoas plane (IP) without the extra-IP spread that is deep and medial to IT as in PENG block (Figure 5). However, there is superficial spread via the muscular IP towards fascia iliaca compartment (FIC) (<b>c</b>,<b>d</b>), potentially reaching femoral nerve proper when given higher volume of injection. The illustrated figure was made from an image acquired from the VH Dissector with permission from Touch of Life Technologies Inc. (<a href="http://www.toltech.net" target="_blank">www.toltech.net</a>), based on the magnetic resonance images by Nielsen et al. [7]. The original image was reconstructed from real cadavers by the Visible Human Project<sup>®</sup> of National Library of Medicine.</p> Full article ">
10 pages, 257 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Mental and Physical Health of Nurses Associated with Errors in Clinical Practice
by Despoina Pappa, Ioannis Koutelekos, Eleni Evangelou, Evangelos Dousis, Georgia Gerogianni, Evdokia Misouridou, Afroditi Zartaloudi, Nikoletta Margari, Georgia Toulia, Polyxeni Mangoulia, Eftychia Ferentinou, Anna Giga and Chrysoula Dafogianni
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1803; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091803 - 19 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2398
Abstract
Background: Errors are common among all healthcare settings. The safety of patients is linked directly with nursing errors because nurses stand by them more often than any other healthcare professional. The role of mental and physical health of nurses is of great interest [...] Read more.
Background: Errors are common among all healthcare settings. The safety of patients is linked directly with nursing errors because nurses stand by them more often than any other healthcare professional. The role of mental and physical health of nurses is of great interest for a good and efficient job performance, but also for maintaining good patient care delivery. This study aimed to investigate the association between nurses’ general health and making errors during clinical practice. Methods: A total of 364 nurses completed a specially designed questionnaire anonymously and voluntarily. The sample consisted of nurses with all educational degrees. The questionnaire included demographic data and questions about general health issues, resilience status and nurses’ possible experience with errors within a hospital. Results: 65,8% of the participants stated that at least one error had happened at their workplace, and 49,4% of them reported that the error was caused by them. Somatic symptoms were found to have a positive correlation with making errors (p < 0.001). However, the other aspects of general health, which were anxiety/insomnia, social dysfunction and severe depression, had no statistical significance with adverse events. The most common type of error reported (65,5%) was a medication adverse event. Resilience level was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001) when correlated with all aspects of general health (anxiety/insomnia, severe depression, somatic symptoms), but not with social dysfunction. Conclusion: Nurses are affected by their somatic symptoms in their daily clinical practice, making them vulnerable to making errors that compromise patient safety. A high resilience level could help them cope with unfavorable situations and prevent them from doing harm to a patient or themselves. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health and Social Care Policy)
12 pages, 248 KiB  
Article
Content Analysis of #Postpartumbody Images Posted to Instagram
by Megan L. Gow, Hiba Jebeile, Natalie B. Lister, Heike Roth, Helen Skouteris and Heidi Bergmeier
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1802; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091802 - 19 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 6193
Abstract
Understanding the imagery on social media targeting postpartum women is an important step in determining the utility of Instagram as a potential avenue for targeting public health messages to this group. This study (1) describes the content of images on Instagram tagged with [...] Read more.
Understanding the imagery on social media targeting postpartum women is an important step in determining the utility of Instagram as a potential avenue for targeting public health messages to this group. This study (1) describes the content of images on Instagram tagged with #postpartumbody and; (2) compares images from ‘Top’ posts (‘trending’ or ‘popular’) with ‘Recent’ posts. 600 images tagged with #postpartumbody (300 ‘Top’ and 300 ‘Recent’) were systematically captured from Instagram and coded using a predefined framework. Images of women were coded for adiposity, muscularity, pose and attire. Chi-square tests were used to compare ‘Top’ and ‘Recent’ posts. Most (n = 409) images were of a woman who generally had low/average adiposity (91%) and little-to-none/some visible muscle definition (93%). Most women (52%) were posing in a non-specific manner, 5% were posing to accentuate a postpartum body feature and 40% were wearing fitness attire. Compared with ‘Recent’, ‘Top’ posts were less likely to be text-focused (p < 0.001), photos of food (p < 0.001) or linked to a product/program (p < 0.001). Women of lower adiposity are more likely to post images of themselves on Instagram tagged with #postpartumbody than women of higher adiposity, which may reflect increased body pride in this group, but could reduce body satisfaction for some viewers. Conveying health information on Instagram may be necessary to interrupt potentially harmful content. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Social Media in Innovative Digital Health)
19 pages, 5787 KiB  
Article
Cancerous and Non-Cancerous Brain MRI Classification Method Based on Convolutional Neural Network and Log-Polar Transformation
by Ferdaus Anam Jibon, Mayeen Uddin Khandaker, Mahadi Hasan Miraz, Himon Thakur, Fazle Rabby, Nissren Tamam, Abdelmoneim Sulieman, Yahaya Saadu Itas and Hamid Osman
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1801; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091801 - 19 Sep 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2630
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers visual representations of the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention. The MRI process is subjected to a variety of image processing and machine learning approaches to identify, diagnose, and classify brain diseases as well [...] Read more.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers visual representations of the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention. The MRI process is subjected to a variety of image processing and machine learning approaches to identify, diagnose, and classify brain diseases as well as detect abnormalities. In this paper, we propose an improved classification method for distinguishing cancerous and noncancerous tumors from brain MRI images by using Log Polar Transformation (LPT) and convolutional neural networks (CNN). The LPT has been applied for feature extraction of rotation and scaling of distorted images, while the integration of CNN introduces a machine learning approach for the tumor classification of distorted images. The dataset was formed with images of seven different brain diseases, and the training set was formed by applying CNN with the extracted features. The proposed method is then evaluated in comparison to state-of-the-art algorithms, showing a definite improvement of the former. The obtained results show that the machine learning approach offers better classification with a success rate of about 96% in both plain brain MR images and rotation- and scale-invariant brain MR images. This work also successfully classified T-1 and T-2 weighted images of neoplastic and degenerative brain diseases. The obtained accuracy is perfected by several kernel procedures, while the combined performance of the two wavelet transformations and a strong dataset make our method robust and efficient. Since no earlier study on machine learning approaches with rotated and scaled brain MRI has come to our attention, it is expected that our proposed method introduces a new paradigm in this research field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computing and Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Healthcare Applications: Second Edition)
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<p>Flowchart of our proposed Algorithm.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Convolution Neural Network for Tumor Image Classification.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Here, image (<b>a</b>) is an input T-2 brain MRI image, whereas (<b>b</b>) is a segmented T-2 image. It is a Malignant Tumor according to the segmented picture.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Here, image (<b>a</b>) is the input T-1 brain MRI image and image (<b>b</b>) is the segmented T-1 image. A segmented image classifies it as a Benign Tumor.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Here, image (<b>a</b>) is an input distorted/simulated (rotated and scaled) brain MRI image and image (<b>b</b>) is a segmented simulated (rotated and scaled) image. A segmented image classifies it as a Malignant Tumor.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Rotation Invariant (−180° to +180°) Brain MRI Image Detected by CNN.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Scaling Invariant (0.25–1.5) Brain MRI Image Detected by CNN.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>Average Accuracy for Abnormality Detection of Distorted/Simulated images.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>Average Accuracy for Tumor Detection of Distorted/Simulated image.</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>The percentage of accuracy versus image for distorted/simulated image: (<b>a</b>) RBF; (<b>b</b>) Linear (<b>c</b>) Polynomial; (<b>d</b>) Quadratic.</p> Full article ">Figure 11
<p>Average Accuracy for Abnormality Detection of T-1 weighted images.</p> Full article ">Figure 12
<p>Average Accuracy for Tumor Detection of T-1 weighted images.</p> Full article ">Figure 13
<p>The accuracy percentages for the T-1 weighted images: (<b>a</b>) RBF; (<b>b</b>) Linear; (<b>c</b>) Polynomial; (<b>d</b>) Quadratic.</p> Full article ">Figure 13 Cont.
<p>The accuracy percentages for the T-1 weighted images: (<b>a</b>) RBF; (<b>b</b>) Linear; (<b>c</b>) Polynomial; (<b>d</b>) Quadratic.</p> Full article ">Figure 14
<p>Average Accuracy for Abnormality Detection of T-2 weighted images.</p> Full article ">Figure 15
<p>The accuracy percentages for the T-2 weighted images: (<b>a</b>) RBF; (<b>b</b>) Linear; (<b>c</b>) Polynomial; (<b>d</b>) Quadratic.</p> Full article ">
11 pages, 1175 KiB  
Article
Sulphurous Crenotherapy Is Effective at Reducing Pain and Disability in Overweight/Obese Patients Affected by Chronic Low Back Pain from Spine Osteoarthritis
by Maria Costantino, Valeria Conti, Graziamaria Corbi, Irene Ciancarelli, Giovanni Morone and Amelia Filippelli
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1800; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091800 - 19 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1863
Abstract
Crenotherapy is recognized as being effective in patients with osteoarthritis of the spine, but to date there is no indication if it is effective for patients who are overweight or obese. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of sulphurous [...] Read more.
Crenotherapy is recognized as being effective in patients with osteoarthritis of the spine, but to date there is no indication if it is effective for patients who are overweight or obese. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of sulphurous crenotherapy on pain and disability in overweight/obese subjects affected by chronic low back pain from spine osteoarthritis. Forty-three patients (63 ± 8.8 years) affected by chronic low back pain from lumbar spine osteoarthritis were enrolled in this study. Subjects were treated with 2 weeks of sulphurous creno-treatments. Subjective pain was measured by a numerical rating scale score (NRS), and functional mobility of the lumbar spine was measured using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) before and after crenotherapy. Both crenotherapy groups (normal weight: A1; overweight/obese: A2) experienced significantly improved NRS and ODI scores (A1: p < 0.001 and p = 0.001; A2: p = 0.001 and p = 0.001). At end of the treatment, significant improvements were observed as a result of the crenotherapy in overweight/obese subjects in terms of pain reduction measured with NRS (p = 0.03) and in terms of function mobility of the lumbar spine measured with ODI (p = 0.006). This study highlights the beneficial effect of sulphurous crenotherapy on the painful symptomatology and disability in both normal weight and overweight/obese patients suffering from chronic low back pain associated with lumbar spine osteoarthritis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rheumatic Diseases and Related Conditions in Healthcare)
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<p>Research flow diagram.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Prevalence of Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) categories before and after sulphurous crenotherapy. (<b>A</b>): A1 subgroup; (<b>B</b>): A2 subgroup.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>NRS score between the four subgroups: A1 (spa treatment, normal BMI), A2 (spa treatment, overweight/high BMI), B1 (no spa treatment, normal BMI), and B2 (no spa treatment, overweight/high BMI). Green stars indicate a statistically significant difference between in pre- and post-analysis results (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.005); yellow stars indicate a statistically significant difference between groups (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.0025; Bonferroni correction).</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>ODI score between the four subgroups: A1 (spa treatment, normal BMI), A2 (spa treatment, overweight/high BMI), B1 (no spa treatment, normal BMI), and B2 (no spa treatment, overweight/high BMI). Green stars indicate a statistically significant difference between in pre- and post-analysis results (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.005); yellow stars indicate a statistically significant difference between groups (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.0025; Bonferroni correction).</p> Full article ">
8 pages, 1176 KiB  
Article
Droplet Distribution in a University Dental Clinic Setting: The Importance of High-Volume Evacuation
by Linda Gualtieri, Ronald Yong, Jessley Ah-Kion, Amanda L. A. Jamil, Asmae Bazaei, Jhanvi Kotecha, Sharron Long, Gloria Silcock and Catherine M. Miller
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1799; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091799 - 19 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1929
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to compare droplet distribution during a piezoelectric ultrasonic debridement procedure using either high-volume or slow-volume evacuation. Droplet distribution during a crown preparation with slow-volume evacuation is also examined. Fluorescein dye is added to the water reservoir and [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study is to compare droplet distribution during a piezoelectric ultrasonic debridement procedure using either high-volume or slow-volume evacuation. Droplet distribution during a crown preparation with slow-volume evacuation is also examined. Fluorescein dye is added to the water reservoir and the procedures are performed by a single operator for 15 min on a dental manikin with artificial upper and lower teeth. Placement of filter paper squares (10 cm × 10 cm) in radiating lines away from the oral cavity of the dental manikin allows for visualization of droplet dispersion. Results show minimal difference in the spread of the droplets between the two evacuators during the debridement procedure; however, the slow-volume evacuator produces a higher concentration of droplets than the high-volume evacuator. An even higher concentration of droplets in the vicinity of the dental chair is observed during the crown preparation procedure. This study recommends the use of a high-volume evacuator where possible during professional debridement and crown preparation to reduce contamination around the dental chair from potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 in Healthcare and Educational Facilities: Epidemiology, Perceptions, Transmission, Prevention, and Potential Therapeutic Opportunities)
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<p><b>Layout used for the experiments</b>. A dental manikin and typodont consisting of complete upper and lower plastic teeth were arranged in a dental chair as described in the “Materials and Methods”. Lines of tape were arranged radiating out from the head and filter paper laid out at 30 cm intervals. The transect coming away from the manikin was designated 12 o’clock and the others designated 2 o’clock, 4 o’clock, 6 o’clock, 8 o’clock, and 10 o’clock in a clockwise direction. Following a simulated debridement each filter paper was collected and analyzed for the presence of droplets as described in Materials and Methods.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Distribution of droplets in the cubicle after the debridement and crown preparation procedures. A schematic representation of the extent of droplet distribution following (<b>a</b>) a debridement with HVE, (<b>b</b>) a debridement with SVE, and (<b>c</b>) a crown preparation. The typodont and dental manikin head are located at the point where the lines converge with the operator to the right between the 8 o’clock and 10 o’clock transects. The red lines show the transects where the filter paper squares were placed while the green line indicates the furthest point where dye was detected using UV light.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Extent of droplet splatter following crown preparation using SVE. Fluorescein dye was added to the water reservoir and a crown preparation simulated using SVE, as detailed in the Materials and Methods. Extensive droplet distribution was detected with UV light after the procedure was finished on (<b>a</b>) the dental manikin and typodont, and (<b>b</b>) on the disposable gown of the operator.</p> Full article ">
12 pages, 1022 KiB  
Communication
Should Audits Consider the Care Pathway Model? A New Approach to Benchmarking Real-World Activities
by Chun Shing Kwok, David Waters, Thanh Phan, Phyo Kyaw Myint and Gregory Y. H. Lip
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1798; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091798 - 19 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2129
Abstract
Clinical audit is a method to assess the quality of healthcare services based on whether standards are met or not met. This approach is limited because it fails to recognize how decisions that take place over time and the natural progression of disease [...] Read more.
Clinical audit is a method to assess the quality of healthcare services based on whether standards are met or not met. This approach is limited because it fails to recognize how decisions that take place over time and the natural progression of disease has an impact on what happens to patients and the care they receive. The aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of care pathway and explain how care pathways can be audited to better understand care. The care pathway is defined by clinically relevant events that take place within one or more healthcare institutions. The process begins with defining an ideal care pathway which is created by considering local expertise and guidelines. It is then possible to audit against the extent to which this ideal care pathway is achieved. This care pathway audit can enable identification of patterns in real-world care which can help with the of design interventions to help shift patients from the less to more desirable pathways. We conclude that through the process of the care pathway audit cycle, it is possible to learn about real-world activities, better utilize resources, promote safer care, improve quality of care, and help develop more effective interventions. Full article
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<p>The natural disease progression.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>The patient and care pathway.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>The benefits of considering pathways.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>The ideal care pathway.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>The care pathway audit cycle.</p> Full article ">
12 pages, 291 KiB  
Article
Effect of Anxiety and Calling on Professional Quality of Life in COVID-19 Dedicated Nurses in Korea
by Minjung Moon and Kyoungsan Seo
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1797; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091797 - 18 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1990
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the anxiety, calling, and professional quality of life (ProQOL) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-dedicated nurses at COVID-19 hospitals and to identify the factors influencing the ProQOL in COVID-19-dedicated nurses. For this descriptive correlational study, data were collected [...] Read more.
This study was conducted to investigate the anxiety, calling, and professional quality of life (ProQOL) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-dedicated nurses at COVID-19 hospitals and to identify the factors influencing the ProQOL in COVID-19-dedicated nurses. For this descriptive correlational study, data were collected from June to September, 2021, using structural questionnaires completed by 149 nurses working at four general hospitals with inpatient treatment facilities for patients with COVID-19 in Korea. The State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, Multidimensional Calling Measure, and ProQOL 5 were employed for the survey. The data were examined using descriptive analysis, independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. The factors influencing compassion satisfaction were state anxiety, trait anxiety, and calling, with an explanatory power of 64%. The factors influencing burnout were trait anxiety and calling, and the explanatory power was 52%. The factors influencing secondary traumatic stress were state anxiety and trait anxiety, and the explanatory power was 23%. Based on the results, lower anxiety and calling influence the ProQOL of COVID-19-dedicated nurses. We propose that programs to raise and maintain ProQOL should be developed and applied. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Coronaviruses (CoV) and COVID-19 Pandemic)
13 pages, 3294 KiB  
Article
Brain Tumors in Saudi Arabia: An Observational and Descriptive Epidemiological Analysis
by Ahmad Almatroudi
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1796; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091796 - 18 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2603
Abstract
Introduction: Brain tumors are one of the major causes of death and morbidity around the world. A prospective existential retrospective observational population-cohort study based on the comprehensive research work on brain tumors in the Saudi population was conducted, with statistics drawn from the [...] Read more.
Introduction: Brain tumors are one of the major causes of death and morbidity around the world. A prospective existential retrospective observational population-cohort study based on the comprehensive research work on brain tumors in the Saudi population was conducted, with statistics drawn from the Saudi Cancer Registry data collected and published by the Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia, which is a national document prepared and maintained by the National Health Information Center, from 2006 to 2016. For the analysis of the brain tumor distribution and trends in Saudi Arabian inhabitants, the current study outlined the brain tumor incident rates in the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and crude incidence rates (CIRs) in the inhabitants of Saudi Arabia by distinct age cohorts, the year of diagnosis, and the core administrative regions of Saudi Arabia. Method: Statistical tools, such as GraphPad Prism and SPSS 2.0, were used for the analyses of the t-test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and descriptive statistics, including the sex ratio and other demographic features. Between 2006 and 2016, Saudi Arabia recorded 1854 and 1293 cases of brain tumors in males and females, respectively. Results: The highest percentage and mean number of brain tumor cases were recorded among males and females in the age group 0–4 years, and the lowest proportion of brain tumor cases were reported among males and females in the higher age group (55–69 years). The highest mean CIR and ASIR were found in the male and female populations of the Riyadh region, and the highest CIR and ASIR sex ratios were found in the Baha and Naj regions of Saudi Arabia, respectively. Males in the Jazan region had the lowest average CIRs and ASIRs. The Baha and Jazan regions of Saudi Arabia recorded the lowest mean CIR and ASIR among females. Conclusion: The Riyadh region had the most significant increases in ASIRs and CIRs for brain tumors in males and females from 2006 to 2016, whereas the Jazan region had the least significant changes in the ASIRs in males and females. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Public Health 2.0)
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<p>Numbers and percentages of brain tumors in males from 2006–2016.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>CIRs of brain tumor cases per 100,000 between male and female populations from 2006 to 2016.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Overall CIRs of brain tumor cases per 100,000 between males and females according to administrative areas from 2006 to 2016.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Brain Cancer: CIR by Geographical regions in Saudi Arabia. Source: <a href="https://www.orangesmile.com/travelguide/saudi-arabia/country-maps-provinces.htm" target="_blank">https://www.orangesmile.com/travelguide/saudi-arabia/country-maps-provinces.htm</a>.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) of brain tumor cases per 100,000 between males and females from 2006 to 2016.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Overall ASIRs of brain tumor cases per 100,000 between males and females according to administrative areas from 2006 to 2016.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Numbers and percentages of brain tumors in females from 2006 to 2016.</p> Full article ">
19 pages, 845 KiB  
Systematic Review
Telerehabilitation as a Form of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Chronic Lung Disease: A Systematic Review
by Gregory Reychler, Elise Piraux, Marc Beaumont, Gilles Caty and Giuseppe Liistro
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1795; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091795 - 17 Sep 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3102
Abstract
Introduction: Tele-rehabilitation is increasingly used to deliver pulmonary rehabilitation. The aim of this systematic review was to compare the effect between tele-pulmonary rehabilitation and classical supervised pulmonary rehabilitation. Method: Three databases were analysed (PubMed, PEDro, Scopus). The selection and evaluation of studies followed [...] Read more.
Introduction: Tele-rehabilitation is increasingly used to deliver pulmonary rehabilitation. The aim of this systematic review was to compare the effect between tele-pulmonary rehabilitation and classical supervised pulmonary rehabilitation. Method: Three databases were analysed (PubMed, PEDro, Scopus). The selection and evaluation of studies followed the PRISMA guidelines. The risk of bias was evaluated using the PEDro Scale. Results: From the initial selection (n = 245), ten studies were retrieved, including from 10 to 67 patients. All but two (IPF) included patients with COPD. Based on the FEV1, patients with COPD were mainly categorised as moderate and severe. The teleactivities were heterogenous in terms of proposed exercises and way of settings and often not in agreement with the guidelines about pulmonary rehabilitation. Despite this, the effects of the interventions were globally positive on functional exercise capacity, quality of life, anxiety and depression, and impact of COPD on personal life but not on dyspnoea. The PEDro scores varied from 4 to 8. The adherence was higher than 80% when supervision during the exercise was included. Conclusion: This review demonstrated that the telerehabilitation is safe and well accepted by the patients, and could be considered as one option of classical pulmonary rehabilitation to improve the functional exercise capacity, quality of life, anxiety and depression, and the impact of COPD on personal’s life. This conclusion cannot be extrapolated to the other chronic lung diseases due to the lack of data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiotherapy and Cardiothoracic Care in Acute and Chronic Care)
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<p>PRISMA flow diagram.</p> Full article ">
11 pages, 1224 KiB  
Article
Conduction Velocity of Spinal Reflex in Patients with Acute Lateral Ankle Sprain
by Joo-Sung Kim, Kyung-Min Kim, Eunwook Chang, Hyun Chul Jung, Jung-Min Lee and Alan R. Needle
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1794; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091794 - 17 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2259
Abstract
Recent literature has highlighted altered spinal-reflex excitability following acute lateral ankle sprain (ALAS), yet there is little information on the conduction velocity of spinal reflex pathways (CV-SRP) in these patients. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of ALAS on the CV-SRP. We [...] Read more.
Recent literature has highlighted altered spinal-reflex excitability following acute lateral ankle sprain (ALAS), yet there is little information on the conduction velocity of spinal reflex pathways (CV-SRP) in these patients. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of ALAS on the CV-SRP. We employed a cross-sectional study with two groups: ALAS (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 30). The CV-SRP of the soleus, fibularis longus, and tibialis anterior was assessed using the H-index method. As secondary outcomes, H-reflex and M-wave latencies were assessed as well as acute symptoms including ankle swelling, pain, and self-reported ankle function. Separate group-by-limb ANOVA with repeated measures revealed a significant interaction for soleus CV-SRP (p < 0.001) and H-reflex latency (p < 0.001), showing significant slower CV-SRP and longer H-reflex latency in the involved limb of the ALAS group compared with both limbs in the control group. However, there was no significant interaction or main effect in any other ankle muscles (p > 0.05). A further correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between CV-SRP and acute symptoms, including ankle swelling (r = −0.37, p = 0.048) and self-reported ankle function (r = 0.44, p = 0.017) in ALAS patients. These results suggest a disrupted functionality of the afferent pathway and/or synaptic transmission following ALAS. Level of Evidence: 4. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Sport and Exercise Medicine)
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<p>Analysis of H-index of lower leg muscles. (<b>1</b>) M-wave latency is a time delay between the stimulus artifact and the onset of the first wave (M-wave), reflecting the nerve conduction time of the direct efferent pathway. (<b>2</b>) H-reflex latency is a time delay between the stimulus artifact and the onset of the second wave (H-reflex), reflecting the nerve conduction time of both afferent and efferent pathways through the spinal reflex arc. (<b>3</b>) H-M interval is a time interval between the onset of M-wave and H-reflex, reflecting the conduction time of both afferent and efferent pathways, excluding the direct efferent pathway. A formula for H-index calculation provides normalization relative to participant height (dotted box, bottom right).</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Comparison of H-index of the involved and uninvolved limb between two groups. Group data for soleus (<b>A</b>), fibularis longus (<b>B</b>), and tibialis anterior (<b>C</b>). * Soleus H-index of the involved limb in the acute ankle sprain group is significantly slower than that in the control group, <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05. <sup>#</sup> Soleus H-index of the involved limb is significantly slower than that of the uninvolved limb in the acute ankle sprain group, <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Relationship between the soleus H-index and acute symptoms: ankle swelling (<b>top</b>) and self-reported ankle function during sports activities (<b>bottom</b>) in patients with ALAS.</p> Full article ">
11 pages, 556 KiB  
Article
The Structural Relationship on Nostalgia Recognition Effect, Attachment, Resilience, and Psychological Well-Being of Dance for All Participants during the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Sun-Young Lim, Hyun-Joo Min and Yong-Hwan Kim
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1793; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091793 - 17 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2257
Abstract
Background and objectives: During the current era, the world is experiencing economic and mental depression due to COVID-19. In this context, this study empirically analyzed the relationship between the nostalgia recognition effect, a unique human emotion that can improve emotional comfort and stability, [...] Read more.
Background and objectives: During the current era, the world is experiencing economic and mental depression due to COVID-19. In this context, this study empirically analyzed the relationship between the nostalgia recognition effect, a unique human emotion that can improve emotional comfort and stability, and physical activity that can effectively benefit human health; Methods: 550 “dance for all” participants who joined public sports facilities, private gymnasiums, cultural centers, and dance for all clubs in South Korea. Data analysis was performed on Windows PC/SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0 ver. frequency analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the survey results; Results: First, all sub-factors of the nostalgia recognition effect of dance for all participants has a statistically significant (p < 0.001) effect on attachment. Second, attachment has a statistically significant (p < 0.001) effect on resilience. Third, attachment does not have a statistically significant (p < 0.05) effect on psychological well-being of dance for all participants; Conclusions: These research results are prepared effective operating strategies and plans for the era of “post-corona” and “with corona” in the field of human health and dance for all. Full article
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<p>Research model.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Sample size calculation equation.</p> Full article ">
14 pages, 286 KiB  
Article
The Association of Personality Traits and Parameters of Glycemic Regulation in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Using isCGM
by Daria Sladić Rimac, Ines Bilić Ćurčić, Ivana Prpić Križevac, Ema Schonberger, Maja Gradinjan Centner, Marija Barišić and Silvija Canecki Varžić
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1792; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091792 - 17 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1915
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the impact of personality on glycemic regulation in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The study group consisted of subjects with T1DM, who were ≥ 18 years of age. The study was conducted in two phases: [...] Read more.
This study aimed to examine the impact of personality on glycemic regulation in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The study group consisted of subjects with T1DM, who were ≥ 18 years of age. The study was conducted in two phases: At baseline, subjects completed the Croatian version of the International Personality Item Pool scale (IPIP50s) and a questionnaire designed to gather socioeconomic data, duration of diabetes, presence of chronic complications, presence of cardiovascular risk factors, frequency, and type of pre-existing hypoglycemic episodes per week. Blood and urine samples were collected and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Each participant was provided with the intermittently scanned glucose monitoring system (isCGM) Freestyle Libre. During the second visit (3 months from the start of the trial), glycemic parameters were collected from the reports generated from the Freestyle Libre system. Estimated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values were significantly lower after three months compared to baseline HbA1c (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.001). An inverse correlation between the number of daily scans and degree of extraversion among subjects was observed, e.g., higher degrees of extraversion resulted in lower numbers of daily scans, while lower degrees of extraversion, i.e., introvertedness, resulted in higher numbers of daily scans (Rho = −0.238 p = 0.009). There was a positive correlation between emotional stability and time spent in hypoglycemia (Rho = 0.214; p = 0.02). In addition, a shorter duration of diabetes was associated with higher percentages of TIR and vice versa (p = 0.02). Investigating personality traits can be a useful tool for identifying patients predisposed to hypoglycemia and lower scanning frequency. Patients with a longer history of T1DM require closer follow-up and should be re-educated when necessary. Full article
19 pages, 3956 KiB  
Article
Implementation of an In-House 3D Manufacturing Unit in a Public Hospital’s Radiology Department
by Ruben I. García, Ines Jauregui, Cristina del Amo, Ainhoa Gandiaga, Olivia Rodriguez, Leyre Margallo, Roberto Voces, Nerea Martin, Inés Gallego, Rikardo Minguez and Harkaitz Eguiraun
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1791; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091791 - 16 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3285
Abstract
Objective: Three-dimensional printing has become a leading manufacturing technique in healthcare in recent years. Doubts in published studies regarding the methodological rigor and cost-effectiveness and stricter regulations have stopped the transfer of this technology in many healthcare organizations. The aim of this study [...] Read more.
Objective: Three-dimensional printing has become a leading manufacturing technique in healthcare in recent years. Doubts in published studies regarding the methodological rigor and cost-effectiveness and stricter regulations have stopped the transfer of this technology in many healthcare organizations. The aim of this study was the evaluation and implementation of a 3D printing technology service in a radiology department. Methods: This work describes a methodology to implement a 3D printing service in a radiology department of a Spanish public hospital, considering leadership, training, workflow, clinical integration, quality processes and usability. Results: The results correspond to a 6-year period, during which we performed up to 352 cases, requested by 85 different clinicians. The training, quality control and processes required for the scaled implementation of an in-house 3D printing service are also reported. Conclusions: Despite the maturity of the technology and its impact on the clinic, it is necessary to establish new workflows to correctly implement them into the strategy of the health organization, adjusting it to the needs of clinicians and to their specific resources. Significance: This work allows hospitals to bridge the gap between research and 3D printing, setting up its transfer to clinical practice and using implementation methodology for decision support. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Radiology-Driven Projects: Science, Networks, and Healthcare)
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<p>Search of Pubmed for articles related to medical 3D printing in recent years. Search query: “Three-dimensional printing” OR “3D-Printed” OR “3d-print” OR “Threeprint” OR “3D print” OR “rapid prototyping” OR “additive manufacturing”.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Workflow defined for the 3D printing process at Cruces Hospital. The request is made by the clinician through a form on the intranet. The request is received by the 3D printing team formed by radiologists and engineers, the request is evaluated, and once the CT or MRI image test has been performed, the segmented files are sent in STL format to the engineers who are responsible for designing and 3D image processing to ensure its correct printability. The printing, processing, packaging and quality control of the model is performed by the manufacturing technician. In the case of operating room use, the model is sent to the sterilization service.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Anatomical model for planning, training, teaching and patient communication of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (cardiovascular Surgery). (<b>A</b>) Surgical field and intraoperative vision in HCM surgical treatment. (<b>B</b>) Three-dimensional anatomical models for HCM planning, with pieces that represent the short axis and 3 chambers, manufactured by MJ technology. (<b>C</b>) A 3D anatomical model for HCM planning, showing a piece that represents longitudinal cutting of one chamber, manufactured by SLA technology. (<b>D</b>) Height and depth references of the resection to be performed on the cardiac wall, painted on the printed anatomical biomodel. References are painted on the diathermy loop itself.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Anatomical model and cutting guides for surgical treatment of a complex benign neoplasm (Maxillofacial Surgery). Left: Surgical field and intraoperative vision with the surgical guide in place. Right: Surgical guide in polyamide material manufactured with SLS technology. Anatomical model of the jaw and neoplasms manufactured by MJ technology for planning the surgery based on DICOM images.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Anatomical model for pre-modeling synthesis plates for surgical treatment of acetabular fractures (traumatological surgery). <b>Left</b>: CT image, volumetric render of bone fracture. <b>Right</b>: Anatomical model for preformed osteosynthesis plates manufactured by SLA technology.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Evolution of requests registered on the intranet for 3D printing models at Cruces Hospital. It shows the requests received since the start-up of the service (September 2016) until the end of the present study (December 2021).</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>(<b>A</b>) Number of requests ranked by anatomy, grouped into 4 types of systems: head and neck, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and soft tissues. Another group with other types of requests is also indicated. (<b>B</b>) Percentage and number of requests received by each hospital department. A total of 27 departments made at least one request. The departments with the fewest requests were grouped together: a group with 3 to 6 requests and a group with 1 or 2 requests. This figure was designed using resources from <a href="http://www.flaticon.com" target="_blank">www.flaticon.com</a>, accessed on 17 July 2022.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>Evolution of the urgency of requests registered on the intranet for 3D printing models at Cruces Hospital. It shows the requests in complete years from 2017 to 2021. The 3 cases from 2016 were removed, as they are not considered representative.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>Evolution of the delivery success. Counts of cases in which the delivery date was earlier than the requested date (on-time delivery); in which the delivery date was later than requested (late delivery); in which no delivery date was recorded, or the 3D printing of the model was not considered necessary; and in which the model was not printed for a justified reason. The number of cases segmented by year is shown, as well as the percentage of the total number of cases in that year. The 3 cases from 2016 were removed as they are not considered representative for this figure.</p> Full article ">
15 pages, 1263 KiB  
Article
Childhood Cancer and the Family: A Pilot Proposal for Comprehensive Intervention at the Time of Diagnosis
by Marta Mira-Aladrén, Javier Martín-Peña, Gemma Sevillano Cintora, Antonio Celma Juste and Marta Gil-Lacruz
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1790; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091790 - 16 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1766
Abstract
Childhood cancer has a great impact on children and their environment. To minimize this, countries such as Canada and the USA have protocols in the field of social work, although these are scarce in Europe and especially in Spain. This paper aims to [...] Read more.
Childhood cancer has a great impact on children and their environment. To minimize this, countries such as Canada and the USA have protocols in the field of social work, although these are scarce in Europe and especially in Spain. This paper aims to develop a pilot protocol in Aragon (Spain) for the practice of onco-pediatric social work in one of the hardest moments: the diagnosis. For its elaboration, a previous study was carried out in three phases, which provided data on the disease and its impact on the family and children and a methodological basis for the intervention from social work, all considering the participation of the agents involved as a fundamental element. Variables have been identified that influence the impact on the family support network and its quality of life at the time of diagnosis of childhood cancer. In addition, different indicators have been explored, based on the reality of these families. Finally, a pilot proposal for a comprehensive family intervention protocol in the diagnosis of childhood cancer has been elaborated. This work is intended to be a guide for intervention and delimitation of quality standards to be considered when dealing with the diagnosis of childhood cancer. Full article
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<p>Phases of the participatory process. Own elaboration based on Government of Aragon [<a href="#B19-healthcare-10-01790" class="html-bibr">19</a>].</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Disease phases. Own elaboration based on information from the Spanish Federation of Parents of Children with Cancer [<a href="#B13-healthcare-10-01790" class="html-bibr">13</a>,<a href="#B24-healthcare-10-01790" class="html-bibr">24</a>], ASPANOA, and Arenas [<a href="#B10-healthcare-10-01790" class="html-bibr">10</a>].</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Intervention phases. Own elaboration, based on Du Ranquet [<a href="#B33-healthcare-10-01790" class="html-bibr">33</a>].</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Algorithm for action.</p> Full article ">
9 pages, 629 KiB  
Article
Effect of Low-Intensity Aerobic Training Combined with Blood Flow Restriction on Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Vascular Responses in Recreational Runners
by Hyoung Jean Beak, Wonil Park, Ji Hye Yang and Jooyoung Kim
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1789; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091789 - 16 Sep 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2613
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of low-intensity aerobic training combined with blood flow restriction (LABFR) on body composition, physical fitness, and vascular functions in recreational runners. The participants were 30 healthy male recreational runners, randomized between the LABFR (n = 15) and [...] Read more.
This study investigated the effect of low-intensity aerobic training combined with blood flow restriction (LABFR) on body composition, physical fitness, and vascular functions in recreational runners. The participants were 30 healthy male recreational runners, randomized between the LABFR (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The LABFR group performed five sets of a repeated pattern of 2 min running at 40% VO2max and 1 min passive rest, while wearing the occlusion cuff belts on the proximal end of the thigh. The frequency was three times a week for the period of eight weeks. The control group performed the identical running protocol without wearing the occlusion cuff belts. At the end of the training, the participants’ body composition (fat mass, body fat, muscle mass, and right and left thigh circumference), physical fitness (power and VO2max), and vascular responses (flow-mediated dilation (FMD), brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), ankle brachial index (ABI), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)) were measured. The results showed a significant time × group interaction effect on muscle mass (F = 53.242, p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.664) and right thigh circumference (F = 4.544, p = 0.042, ηp2 = 0.144), but no significant variation in any other factors, including fat mass, body fat, left thigh circumference, FMD, baPWV, ABI, SBP, and DBP (p > 0.05). Overall, our results suggested that eight-week LABFR exerted a positive effect on the body composition, especially muscle mass and thigh circumference, of recreational runners. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Improving Athletes’ Performance and Avoiding Health Issues)
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<p>Occlusion cuff belts used in this study for blood flow restriction.</p> Full article ">
9 pages, 437 KiB  
Article
Nutritional Knowledge and Attitudes among Physician Interns Graduated from King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
by Zainab Bawazir, Amani Alrasheedi and Buthaina Aljehany
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1788; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091788 - 16 Sep 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2259 | Correction
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the nutritional knowledge and attitudes of physician interns graduated from King Abdul-Aziz University. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 physician interns who graduated in 2019, 2020, and 2021. An online self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. [...] Read more.
This study aimed to assess the nutritional knowledge and attitudes of physician interns graduated from King Abdul-Aziz University. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 physician interns who graduated in 2019, 2020, and 2021. An online self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. A modified version of a validated questionnaire was used and provided to the participants in both Arabic and English versions, of which participants could choose one. This questionnaire consisted of three sections, including demographic data (five questions), attitude (47 questions), and knowledge (40 questions). A total of 100 (54 female and 46 male) participants completed the questionnaire. The nutrition and diabetes axis had the highest percentage of correct answers among the knowledge axes (55.6%), while the percentage of correct answers for the axis of nutrition and heart disease was the lowest (44%). There were no significant differences among most of the knowledge axes according to sex. However, there were significant differences between the averages of the answers of the male and female groups in the axis of nutrition and obesity only, where the male group had more correct answers than the female group. The average attitude of the study participants was almost good, with slight differences between males and females. A total of 51% of the participants were satisfied with the medical nutrition curriculum. The inadequacy of the nutritional curriculum among medical students was reflected in their satisfaction with their college programs and thus in their knowledge, attitudes, and confidence in providing nutritional counseling to patients. Intern physicians need to improve their clinical nutrition knowledge and skills to be able to provide patients with appropriate nutrition advice. Full article
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<p>Distribution of the study participants according to evaluation of the Nutrition curriculum in Medicine.</p> Full article ">
18 pages, 265 KiB  
Article
Intraoperative Tension Pneumothorax in a Trauma Patient: An Adult Simulation Case for Anesthesia Residents
by David Ryusuke Okano, Andy W. Chen, Sally A. Mitchell, Johnny F. Cartwright, Christopher Moore and Tanna J. Boyer
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1787; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091787 - 16 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2177
Abstract
Anesthesiologists may encounter multiple obstacles in communication when attempting to collect information for emergency surgeries. Occult tension pneumothorax that was asymptomatic in the emergency department (ED) could become apparent upon positive pressure ventilation and pose a critical threat to the patient intraoperatively. Here, [...] Read more.
Anesthesiologists may encounter multiple obstacles in communication when attempting to collect information for emergency surgeries. Occult tension pneumothorax that was asymptomatic in the emergency department (ED) could become apparent upon positive pressure ventilation and pose a critical threat to the patient intraoperatively. Here, we describe a simulation exercise that was developed as a curriculum module for the Indiana University (IU) Anesthesiology residency program. It is primarily designed for first-year clinical anesthesia residents (CA-1/PGY-2). It is a 50 min encounter with two scenarios. The first scenario focuses on information collection and communication with a non-cooperative patient with multiple distractors. The second scenario focuses on the early diagnosis of tension pneumothorax and subsequent treatment. The residents were given formative feedback and met the educational objectives. Commonly missed critical actions included misdiagnosing the tension pneumothorax as mainstem intubation, bronchospasm, pulmonary thromboembolism, and anaphylaxis. Residents rated the feedback and debriefing as “extremely useful” or “very useful.” Time constraints limit the number of residents who can sit in the “hot seat.” The structure of the mannequin limits the ability to diagnose pneumothorax by auscultation and ultrasound. In the future, the scenarios may also be utilized to educate student anesthesiologist assistants and other non-physician anesthesia learners. Full article
12 pages, 2402 KiB  
Article
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Dental Emergency Service from Oradea, Romania: A Retrospective Study
by Abel Emanuel Moca, Ioan Andrei Țig, Gabriela Ciavoi, Raluca Iurcov, Lucian Roman Șipoș and Liana Todor
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1786; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091786 - 16 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1605
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic affected the daily lives of the global population, not only in terms of social interaction but also in terms of access to medical and dental care. Non-urgent dental treatments could not be continued during the lockdown and only a small [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic affected the daily lives of the global population, not only in terms of social interaction but also in terms of access to medical and dental care. Non-urgent dental treatments could not be continued during the lockdown and only a small number of dental centres addressed patients with dental emergencies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, and living environment) of the individuals that accessed the dental emergency centre in Oradea (North-West Romania) and the main causes for accessing the dental emergency service among the population of Oradea (North-West Romania), during the COVID-19 lockdown, between March and May 2020 and, furthermore, to compare the results obtained in the lockdown timeframe (March–May 2020), with the results obtained in the corresponding timeframe in the pre-lockdown year (March–May 2019) and post-lockdown year (March–May 2021). The retrospective study was carried out by analysing the medical records of the patients who were treated in the dental emergency service of the Oradea County Emergency Clinical Hospital in the following periods: March–May 2019, March–May 2020, and March–May 2021. Most patients were treated in 2020, during the lockdown (n = 784), predominantly in April (n = 308). Most patients treated in April 2020 were male patients (43.7%, n = 205) and were aged between 30 and 39 years (19.4%, n = 74). The most frequent types of dental emergencies were acute apical periodontitis and acute pulpitis in all the months and years investigated. During the lockdown months of 2020, acute pulpitis was the most frequent type of emergency in March (42.2%, n = 100) and May (45.6%, n = 109), while in April, acute apical periodontitis was the most frequent type of emergency (43.5%, n = 166). The COVID-19 lockdown led to an increase in the number of patients that required emergency treatments and impacted all groups of people investigated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Healthcare and Prevention during the Pandemic)
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<p>Evolution in 2019, 2020, and 2021.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Distribution according to gender.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Distribution according to the living environment.</p> Full article ">
14 pages, 733 KiB  
Article
Validation and Psychometric Analysis of the German Translation of the Appraisal of Self-Care Agency Scale-Revised
by Aline Schönenberg, Ulrike Teschner, Tino Prell and Hannah M. Mühlhammer
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1785; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091785 - 16 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1994
Abstract
Self-care and self-management are essential for well-being, especially in advancing age or chronic illness. To assess these complex behaviors, validated questionnaires are needed. The Appraisal of Self-Care Agency Scale-Revised (ASAS-R) is a self-report questionnaire to evaluate the actions people take to manage their [...] Read more.
Self-care and self-management are essential for well-being, especially in advancing age or chronic illness. To assess these complex behaviors, validated questionnaires are needed. The Appraisal of Self-Care Agency Scale-Revised (ASAS-R) is a self-report questionnaire to evaluate the actions people take to manage their health. This manuscript reports the psychometric properties of the German ASAS-R translation. After standardized translation, convergent validity was assessed with the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) controlling for sociodemographic and health factors. Internal consistency, descriptive statistics, and principal component analysis (PCA) are reported. We analyzed data of 215 community-dwelling German adults aged 51.6 ± 14.7 years with at least one chronic illness. Similar to the original ASAS-R, PCA revealed three factors, although item allocation differed. The ASAS-R showed good internal consistency overall and for each factor, although ceiling effects were present for some items. Convergent validity was good, and the ASAS-R was as a predictor for the PAM irrespective of other variables. As self-care is highly complex, we conclude that factor structure should be assessed for each dataset. Overall, the German ASAS-R is a valid instrument to measure self-care and self-management of chronic diseases that may enhance research on this fundamental health behavior in German-speaking countries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Chronic Care)
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<p>Relationship (<b>A</b>) and distribution of ASAS (<b>B</b>) and PAM (<b>C</b>).</p> Full article ">
21 pages, 2208 KiB  
Article
Repositioning Drugs for Rare Diseases Based on Biological Features and Computational Approaches
by Belén Otero-Carrasco, Lucía Prieto Santamaría, Esther Ugarte Carro, Juan Pedro Caraça-Valente Hernández and Alejandro Rodríguez-González
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1784; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091784 - 16 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2964
Abstract
Rare diseases are a group of uncommon diseases in the world population. To date, about 7000 rare diseases have been documented. However, most of them do not have a known treatment. As a result of the relatively low demand for their treatments caused [...] Read more.
Rare diseases are a group of uncommon diseases in the world population. To date, about 7000 rare diseases have been documented. However, most of them do not have a known treatment. As a result of the relatively low demand for their treatments caused by their scarce prevalence, the pharmaceutical industry has not sufficiently encouraged the research to develop drugs to treat them. This work aims to analyse potential drug-repositioning strategies for this kind of disease. Drug repositioning seeks to find new uses for existing drugs. In this context, it seeks to discover if rare diseases could be treated with medicines previously indicated to heal other diseases. Our approaches tackle the problem by employing computational methods that calculate similarities between rare and non-rare diseases, considering biological features such as genes, proteins, and symptoms. Drug candidates for repositioning will be checked against clinical trials found in the scientific literature. In this study, 13 different rare diseases have been selected for which potential drugs could be repositioned. By verifying these drugs in the scientific literature, successful cases were found for 75% of the rare diseases studied. The genetic associations and phenotypical features of the rare diseases were examined. In addition, the verified drugs were classified according to the anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) code to highlight the types with a higher predisposition to be repositioned. These promising results open the door for further research in this field of study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Healthcare Big Data and Health Informatics)
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<p>Representation of the distribution of the different prevalence values in the set of rare diseases present in Orphanet.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Workflow followed to choose 13 rare diseases to be studied.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Description of the methodological background of the main objective of the study.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Summary of the four computational methodologies applied to obtain drug repositioning in rare diseases.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Classification of the potential drugs according to the first level of the ATC code.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Representation of the statistical differences between the GDA score value of the rare diseases considered and the DISNET value. <span class="html-italic">p</span>-value annotation legend: ns: 5.00 × 10<sup>2</sup> &lt; <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; = 1, *: 1.00 × 10<sup>−2</sup> &lt; <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; = 5.00 × 10<sup>−2</sup>, **: 1.00 × 10<sup>−3</sup> &lt; <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; = 1.00 × 10<sup>−2</sup> and ***: 1.00 × 10<sup>−4</sup> &lt; <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; = 1.00 × 10<sup>−3</sup>.</p> Full article ">
11 pages, 956 KiB  
Article
How to Make Primary Healthcare More Popular: Evidence from the Middle-Aged and Elderly in China
by Liping Fu, Ya’nan Fang, Shu Yang and Yanqing Xu
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1783; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091783 - 16 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2718
Abstract
Since 2001, China has been an aging society; it is expected to become superaged by 2033. This rapid aging trend poses a challenge to the elderly regarding their pension services and healthcare. Primary healthcare has great potential for serving older adults in the [...] Read more.
Since 2001, China has been an aging society; it is expected to become superaged by 2033. This rapid aging trend poses a challenge to the elderly regarding their pension services and healthcare. Primary healthcare has great potential for serving older adults in the community, yet it is not popular. This study used 1977 samples from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study database to explore the use of outpatient services in primary care institutions among the middle-aged and elderly. Using a structural equations model, we constructed a framework to explore pathways leading to primary outpatient use. We discovered that the supply of primary health services had a significant direct and mediating effect on the utilization of primary outpatient services, and that community pension services may indirectly discourage it. In addition, the supply of primary health services has a suppressor effect between medical insurance and primary outpatient utilization. Health insurance directly promotes primary outpatient utilization, while the supply of primary care institutions suppresses the positive influence of medical insurance on the utilization of primary outpatient services. Therefore, community pension services should pay attention to differentiated services. Moreover, adjusting the coordinated development of medical insurance and the supply of primary healthcare could enhance the positive effects of medical insurance for outpatients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older People)
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<p>Analysis framework. The amount of healthcare services in PCIs should be read as the status of medical resources in the area where the individual samples are located. Combined medical care and pension services in the community are also read in this way.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Structural equation model (Note: * <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.1; ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05; *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01).</p> Full article ">
15 pages, 3147 KiB  
Systematic Review
Association of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve Position and Nerve Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Yangjie Li, Ziji Ling, Hang Zhang, Hanyu Xie, Ping Zhang, Hongbing Jiang and Yu Fu
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1782; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091782 - 16 Sep 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2755
Abstract
Background: We aimed to compare the relationship between the buccal and lingual positions of the inferior alveolar nerve canal (IAC) relative to the lower third molar (LM3) and the rate of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury. Methods: A systematic search was performed [...] Read more.
Background: We aimed to compare the relationship between the buccal and lingual positions of the inferior alveolar nerve canal (IAC) relative to the lower third molar (LM3) and the rate of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury. Methods: A systematic search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and Journals@Ovid. No language or publication status restrictions were set. The publication year was set from 2009 to 2021. The process of meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager software (Cochrane Collaboration). Results: A total of 1063 articles were initially searched and full texts of 53 articles were read, and 11 satisfactory articles were found. There was a statistical difference between the rate of IAN injury and the lingual position and buccal position of the IAC relative to the LM3 roots (OR, 4.96; 95% CI, 2.11 to 11.62; p = 0.0002), with high heterogeneity (p = 0.001, I2 = 65%). Conclusion: A statistical difference was found in the rate of IAN injury between cases where the IAC was positioned buccally and lingually of the LM3 roots. The IAC was at a relatively higher risk of damage in third molar extraction when it was located on the lingual position of the LM3 roots. Full article
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<p>PRISMA flow diagram of study selection process.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Risk of bias graph: review of authors’ judgments about each risk of bias item for 2 RCT studies. (+) = low risk of bias; (?) = unclear risk of bias; (−) = high risk of bias.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Forest plot of meta-analysis for the rate of inferior alveolar nerve injury in buccal and lingual position of the IAC relative to the LM3 roots after the extraction of the mandibular molars. Abbreviations: IANI, inferior alveolar nerve injury; L, lingual position; B, buccal position; CI, confidence interval; M-H, Mantel–Haenszel.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Forest plot of subgroup analysis for the rate of inferior alveolar nerve injury in buccal and lingual position of the IAC relative to the LM3 roots after the extraction of the mandibular molars according to different relative continents. Abbreviations: IANI, inferior alveolar nerve injury; L, lingual position; B, buccal position; CI, confidence interval; M-H, Mantel–Haenszel.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Funnel plot of meta-analysis for the rate of inferior alveolar nerve injury in buccal and lingual position of the IAC relative to the LM3 roots after the extraction of the mandibular molars.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Forest plot of sensitivity analysis for the rate of inferior alveolar nerve injury in buccal and lingual position of the IAC relative to the LM3 roots after the extraction of the mandibular molars. Abbreviations: IANI, inferior alveolar nerve injury; L, lingual position; B, buccal position; CI, confidence interval; M-H, Mantel–Haenszel.</p> Full article ">
11 pages, 1495 KiB  
Article
Happiness and Mental Disorders
by Eva Lourdes Díaz Hernández, Pedro Ruymán Brito Brito and Alfonso Miguel García Hernández
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1781; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091781 - 16 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2507
Abstract
The research object is the approach the meaning of happiness for people with severe mental illness (SMI) under follow-up in a mental health unit in Tenerife. The research aims to improve the care they receive. This qualitative, phenomenological study uses convenience and intentional [...] Read more.
The research object is the approach the meaning of happiness for people with severe mental illness (SMI) under follow-up in a mental health unit in Tenerife. The research aims to improve the care they receive. This qualitative, phenomenological study uses convenience and intentional sampling. Questions were administered to a focus group consisting of 4 women and 1 man, aged 35–69, and 16 individual interviews were conducted with 8 women and 8 men, aged 20–62. The interviews were audio-recorded, with prior consent, transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed using QSR N-Vivo Release 1.4.1 (851), Spain. Happiness has three dimensions: personal, interpersonal–relational, and temporal. The personal dimension includes personality, positive emotions, health, motivations for establishing personal goals, and engaging in activities. The interpersonal–relational dimension includes family support; social support and relationships; social and occupational functioning; overcoming deaths, breakups, or job losses; and the absence of stigma on mental illness. The temporal dimension establishes that happiness can be comprised of either a set of happy moments or a continuous state of happiness that varies throughout life. Based on the results of this research, it could be proposed that future research should focus on the effectiveness of nursing interventions, addressing the life goals of people with mental disorders, and the pursuit of their happiness. Full article
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<p>Methods and data collection.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Concept: hierarchical map.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Positive emotions related to happiness: word cloud.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Negative emotions related to unhappiness: word cloud.</p> Full article ">
6 pages, 1129 KiB  
Brief Report
The Cost-Effectiveness of Requesting a Complete Blood Count (CBC) in the Management of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia
by Anwar A. Sayed
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1780; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091780 - 15 Sep 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2243
Abstract
Background: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, studies have attempted to determine the value of the different laboratory investigations. This study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of requesting a complete blood count (CBC) for COVID-19 patients, as opposed to ordering a COVID-19 [...] Read more.
Background: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, studies have attempted to determine the value of the different laboratory investigations. This study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of requesting a complete blood count (CBC) for COVID-19 patients, as opposed to ordering a COVID-19 antibody titer in Saudi Arabia. Methods: The prices of a CBC, COVID-19 PCR, and antibody titer were obtained from 40 healthcare establishments in Saudi Arabia, between January and February 2022. Results: Requesting a CBC is significantly cheaper than requesting a COVID-19 antibody titer, which was available in almost all of the establishments, as compared to COVID-19 PCR and antibody titer testing. The investigation prices did not differ significantly between hospitals and private laboratories, nor across cities in Saudi Arabia. Conclusions: CBC, which provides valuable information on the patient’s condition and prognosis, is a cost-effective and widely available tool for managing COVID-19. The price and availability of CBC warrant it to be included in the COVID-19 management protocols. Full article
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<p>A comparison between the prices of the different investigations. The figure demonstrates a CBC (blue circles) to have a significantly lower price as compared to COVID-19 PCR tests (red squares) and antibody titers (green triangles). Prices are presented in USD. **** denotes a <span class="html-italic">p</span>-value of &lt;0.0001. CBC: complete blood count; ns: non-significant; USD: United States dollars.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>A comparison between the investigation prices at hospitals and private laboratories. The bar charts represent the prices of (<b>a</b>) CBC at hospitals (blue bars) as compared to private laboratories (purple labs). (<b>b</b>) The prices of COVID-19 PCR tests and (<b>c</b>) anti-COVID-19 antibody titers are also demonstrated. The data demonstrate median values and IQR. ns: non-significant; USD: United States dollars.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>A comparison between the investigation prices based on the location of the medical establishment. The bar charts represent the prices of (<b>a</b>) CBC in Madinah (dark purple), Jeddah (blue), Riyadh (green), Makkah (orange), and the Eastern Province (red), and (<b>b</b>) the prices of COVID-19 PCR tests and (<b>c</b>) anti-COVID-19 antibody titers across the different cities. The data demonstrate median values and IQR. USD: United States dollars.</p> Full article ">
15 pages, 2142 KiB  
Article
An Immersive Human-Robot Interactive Game Framework Based on Deep Learning for Children’s Concentration Training
by Li Liu, Yangguang Liu, Xiao-Zhi Gao and Xiaomin Zhang
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1779; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091779 - 15 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2399
Abstract
In order to alleviate bottlenecks such as the lack of professional teachers, inattention during training processes, and low effectiveness in concentration training, we have proposed an immersive human–robot interactive (HRI) game framework based on deep learning for children’s concentration training and demonstrated its [...] Read more.
In order to alleviate bottlenecks such as the lack of professional teachers, inattention during training processes, and low effectiveness in concentration training, we have proposed an immersive human–robot interactive (HRI) game framework based on deep learning for children’s concentration training and demonstrated its use through human–robot interactive games based on gesture recognition. The HRI game framework includes four functional modules: video data acquisition, image recognition modeling, a deep learning algorithm (YOLOv5), and information feedback. First, we built a gesture recognition model containing 10,000 pictures of children’s gestures, using the YOLOv5 algorithm. The average accuracy in recognition trainingwas 98.7%. Second, we recruited 120 children with attention deficits (aged from 9 to 12 years) to play the HRI games, including 60 girls and 60 boys. In the HRI game experiment, we obtained 8640 sample data, which were normalized and processed.According to the results, we found that the girls had better visual short-term memory and a shorter response time than boys. The research results showed that HRI games had a high efficacy, convenience, and full freedom, making them appropriate for children’s concentration training. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence Applications in Medicine)
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<p>YOLOv5 model architecture.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Flowchart of the training process of the YOLO algorithm.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>The framework of concentration training method based on human-robot interactive games.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Experimental setup of immersive concentration training games with robots.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Gesture recognition training samples used for YOLOv5.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Comparison of the performance of boys and girls playing at different angles.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Comparison of children’s play performance at different angles for children of different ages.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>Analysis of the accuracy results obtained at different angles.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>Analysis of the accuracy percentages for children of different sexes.</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>Distribution of grades across age groups.</p> Full article ">Figure 11
<p>Comparison of response times for different ages and sexes.</p> Full article ">
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